Cov kev zoo nkauj thiab lub txiaj ntsim uas tsis nco qab ntawm Cherry orchards thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm tau feem ntau tau admired los ntawm poets uas piav qhia txog qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau yam xim thiab kev nthuav qhia xim.
Tseeb, qhov no me, graceful ntoo, nrog cog cog thiab kev kho mob muaj peev xwm muab ntau ntawm kev xyiv fab rau nws tus tswv.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov no yog cov muag heev paj uas sau rau qhov chaw nyob nrog lawv cov ntxhiab, thaum lub caij ntuj sov - muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, rubyub txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ib qho zoo nkauj kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm txhua lub vaj, thiab, ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov khoom ua si, muab ntau txaus rau cov laus thiab cov menyuam.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, Cherry yog ib tug nroj tsuag uas ntau tshaj tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv txhua lub vaj, los ntawm cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb mus rau thaj chaw nrog ib qho chaw txias thiab txias. Vim li no, nws yuav tsum nyiam kev hlub los ntawm ntau tus gardeners uas loj hlob ntawm lawv cov av.
Tam sim no, ib tug loj txaus tus naj npawb ntawm ntau yam ntawm cherries, npaj rau cultivation nyob rau hauv ntau yam mob.
Ib tug ntawm lawv yog Belarusian ntau yam ntawm cherries Vianok, uas yog txawv los ntawm unpretentiousness thiab high tawm los, ib tug tag nrho piav qhia ntawm tus yam ntxwv thiab cov duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Lub cai rau yug me nyuam ntawm no ntau yam belongs rau pab neeg ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Horticulture ntawm National Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm Belarus, uas yog, nws cov neeg ua hauj lwm: E.P. Syubarova, R.M. Sulimova, M.I. Vyshinskaya thiab TS Thoob plaws
Nws yog siv los ua tus niam txiv muaj tus qauv. qib "Novodvorskaya".
Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws lub xeev kev pab soj ntsuam, "Vyanok" tau nkag tau rau xyoo 2004, nyob qhov twg, ua tsaug rau nws tus cwj pwm zoo zoo, siab yield thiab lub caij ntuj no hardiness, nws sai tau nrov heev hauv thawj ob peb xyoos tom qab nws pom.
Nrov ntau yam ntawm cherries xws li Morozova Khoom qab zib, Generous thiab Zhukovskaya kuj nrov.
Zoo li Cherry Lream
Xav txog qhov txawv ntawm tsob ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tsob Ntoo
"Vyanok" yog hais txog rau cov neeg kawm ntawv qib siab universal lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov nruab nrab lub sij hawm ntawm maturing. Cov ntoo txawv qhov siab thiab loj, muaj ib tug me ntsis nce crown ntawm medium tuab, pyramidal duab. Qhov siab ntawm tus neeg laus cov nroj tsuag muaj txij 2.5 mus rau 3.0 m.
Kharitonovskaya, Fairy thiab Chernokorka kuj mus rau lub siab ntau yam.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no Cherry tsis heev loj, qhov nruab nrab hnyav ntawm berries yog txog 4 grams, puag ncig, du, ci ntsa iab, hawj nplua nuj burgundy. Sib cais los ntawm qia - yooj yim, tsis muaj noo noo.
Pob zeb - me me, kwv yees li 3.1 - 5% ntawm tag nrho cov loj ntawm fetuscoj tawm tsis muaj kev sib zog.
Maub lub cev nqaij daim tawv liab yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub cev, muaj kua muaj zog, muaj kev ntxim siab nrog sourness.
Cov xim ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv yog hais txog cov kev ntxhov siab los yog moreli, muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ib qho xim tsaus. Tasting kev soj ntsuam ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo - 4.5 ntsiab lus. Pawg no kuj muaj xws li Griot ntawm Moscow, Volochaevka thiab Vladimirskaya.
Fruiting nroj tsuag tshwm sim los ntawm peb lub xyoo ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw mus tas li ntawm chaw nyob. Tag nrho cov ripening tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov (nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj).
Diam duab
Yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam "Bream" yog nws zoo saj. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog raws li nram no:
| Cov naj npawb ntawm | Muaj pes tsawg leeg |
|---|---|
| Pawg feem ntawm qhov teeb meem qhuav | 11,4 % |
| Titrated acids | 1,1 % |
| Sahara | 7,82 % |
| Ascorbic acid | 5.2 mg / 100 g |
| Pectin | 0,47 % |
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj siab heev tawm los ntawm 13 tons ntawm ib hectare.
High yields yog qhia los ntawm Black Large, Nadezhda thiab Rossoshanskaya Black.
Qhov no tau muab landing tswvyim 5 x 3 msiv qos yaj ywm cherry rootstocks, thiab zoo lub caij ntuj no hardiness, uas cia ntoo kom tsis txhob muaj kev kub ntxhov ntev, tsis hais muaj qhov tsawg tsawg.
Mayak, Novella thiab Yenikeev Puas tau muaj peev xwm yug tau tus kheej.
Pab tswv yim: Lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawm cherries loj txaus nyob ntawm qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm berries. Yog hais tias koj txiav lawv nyob rau hauv bunches, koj muaj peev xwm ua puas lub bouquet ceg, nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm uas fruiting tom qab ntawm tsob ntoo nyob ntawm.
Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam ntawm "Windmills" kuj yog tsim nyog sau cia. tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag. Qhov no Cherry me ntsis nkag siab txog coccomycosis thiab moniliasis. Differs nyob rau hauv simplicity thiab unpretentiousness nyob rau hauv agrotechnology.
Resin, Tsarevna Felt thiab Morozovka kuj qhia unpretentiousness nyob rau hauv cultivation.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau Cherry kom zoo nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb thiab ib xyoos ib zaug dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ua raws li nws cog cov cai yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg thiab tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tso cov ntoo me me nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo cua. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txawv ntawm nws qhov chaw: me me nce siab nyob rau sab qab teb hnub poob los yog sab hnub poob cheeb tsam ntawm lub vaj.
Cherry yog ib qho av zoo loamy thiab lub teeb ntawm cov av xuab zeb, nrog huab cua zoo thiab dej zoo.
Thaum twg zus on hnyav xau, nws yuav loj hlob qeeb thiab tawm ntau tsawg dua tawm los.
Sandstone kuj tsis zoo heev rau cov nroj tsuag no.
Cherry muaj kev loj hlob qeeb ntawm lawv, uas yog vim li cas nws tsis muaj lub sij hawm los npaj rau lub caij ntuj no lub sijhawm.
Peatlands yog tsis haum rau cog vim lawv high acidity thiab coldness. Hais tias yog, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau ua ib tug tag nrho ntau ntawm ntxiv agrotechnical ntsuas.
Qhov zoo qhov qhia ntawm av acidity yog 6.5 - 7.0, qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm av yog los ntawm 1.5 mus rau 2.0 m.
- Tsaws
Cherry zoo haum zoo caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog. Kev tsaws tsaws tau npaj rau qhov no. qhov ntev ntawm kwv yees li 70 - 80 cm, nrog ib tug tob ntawm 60 cm.Lub qab yog them nrog ib txheej ntawm dub av nrog ntxiv ntawm ib tug me me ntawm compost los yog zoo-rotted manure (tsis pub tshaj 15-30 grams rau ib tsob ntoo). Ntoo tshauv los yog potash fertilizer yog ntxiv muaj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev: tsis rotted manure, txiv qaub, nitrogen-based chiv nyob rau hauv lub qhov taub thaum cog tsis tau!
Hauv paus ntseg tsho nyob rau hauv av, sim mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias tom qab nws yuav txiav txim los ntawm hais txog 2-5 cm.Cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsum tau txiav. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub ntsiab ceg thiab tus neeg xyuas pib yog shortened by 1/3 ntawm lawv ntev.
- Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Thaum cog cog yog "puv" nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo thiab ob xyoo ntawm lub neej, cov tub ntxhais hluas cherries yog pub nrog ammonium nitrate nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm 15-30 g rau ib tsob ntoo ntoo.
Tom qab pib ntawm fruiting (rau 3-4 xyoo), 4-6 kg ntawm cov organic chiv, 9 g ntawm poov tshuaj thiab nitrogen thiab 6 g ntawm phosphorus yog ntxiv rau ib 1 square meter ntawm crown nyob rau hauv lub projection. Qhov kev pub mis no yog ua tiav txhua txhua 4 xyoo.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, cherries yog pub nrog phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj, coj lawv thaum lawv khawb nyob rau hauv ib tsob ntoo. Foliar saum khaub ncaws uas siv tau tib lub sij hawm nrog tshuaj tua kab kuj zoo heev rau kab lis kev cai no.
- Watering
Cherry yog heev xav tau kom muaj txaus noo noo. Tshwj xeeb yog kom zoo zoo nws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab ripening ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Thaum tsis muaj dej nag, nws yog watered sai li sai tau tom qab flowering nres, ib qhov twg nyob rau hauv lig May, thaum ntxov Lub rau hli ntuj, ces, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj, 3-4 lub lis piam tom qab flowering, thiab nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj, yog hais tias tsim nyog.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias ntau waterlogging thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm yuav ua tau rau lub fact tias ripening berries yuav tawg thiab poob lawv nthuav qhia.
Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau Cherry kom nyiaj lub caij ntuj no zoo, nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua nws yuav tsum tau watered los ntawm Cuaj hlis mus rau thaum pib ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj. Irrigation tus nqi: 50-60 liters ib 1 square meter, mus rau ib tug tob ntawm txog 40 cm.
- Pruning
Yog xav tau ib tug zoo sau ntawm six thiab fragrant berries, cherries yuav tsum tau kom zoo. Ua li no ua ntej lub caij sawv ntawm ob lub raum, nyob rau hauv thawj hnub ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Trimming yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: los ntawm thinning los yog shortening.Thinning tshem tawm qaug zog, diseased ceg loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub siab tsis ncaj. Thaum shortening, ib feem ntawm qhov kev loj hlob yog muab tshem tawm, uas yog ib qho stimulus rau zoo dua cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob. Trimming yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj zog heev.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thawj 5-6 xyoo ntoo yog tsuas yog molded kom tiv thaiv weakening ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tua thiab ib qho nce nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening.
Hauv paus ntseg tsho nyob rau hauv av, sim mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias tom qab nws yuav txiav txim los ntawm hais txog 2-5 cm.
Yog xav tau ib tug zoo sau ntawm six thiab fragrant berries, cherries yuav tsum tau kom zoo. Ua li no ua ntej lub caij sawv ntawm ob lub raum, nyob rau hauv thawj hnub ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Trimming yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: los ntawm thinning los yog shortening.Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Variety "Vyanok" yog suav hais tias yuav ua rau cov kab mob tsis tshua mob heev. Thiab, qhov tseem ceeb, nws yog insensitive rau nws tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb - coccomycosis, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm me ntsis ntawm xim liab-xim daj tshwm ntawm nplooj thiab ib tug pinkish Bloom - conidial sporulation, tshwm ntawm lawv underside.
Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nplooj tawm qhuav thiab poob tawm, thiab thaum tus kab mob yog neglected, nplooj yog los nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj, vim uas ntawm cov tsob ntoo mob tsis muaj peev xwm ciaj sia txawm ib tug me me ncaj lub caij ntuj no.
Tus kab mob no yog los ntawm lub fungus uas nyob rau hauv cov nplooj poob uas nyob ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm ib ncig ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws spores yog kis los ntawm lub vaj teb thiab kis cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj.
Kev mob rau coccomycosis tseem tuaj yeem ntswj Ashinskaya, Tamaris, Podbelskaya, thiab Lebedyanskaya.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nqa tawm ua nyuaj ntawm cherries nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Lawv tus lej yuav tsum tsawg kawg 4 xyoo ib zaug:
- 1st - nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, swollen ob lub raum. Hu rau kev txiav txim siab ua fungicides (Bordeaux kua, ua, tooj liab oxychloride, thiab lwm yam).
- 2nd - nyob rau hauv thawj zaug flowering lub sij hawm. Kev npaj ntawm pawg neeg ("Skor", "Topsin M").
- 3 - tam sim ntawd tom qab ua kom tiav.
- 4th - ob lub lim tiam tom qab hnub thib 3.
Cherry kuj yuav ua tiav tom qab harvesting berries, thaum nws yog rov los ntawm aphids.
Rau cov nyhuv zoo, cov tshuaj siv yuav tsum tau hloov. Nws kuj yog qhov zoo los siv kev sib tov sib xyaw thiab siv yeeb tshuaj ua ke fungicides nrog insecticides tawm tsam pests. Zoo ua ke: "Skor", tiv thaiv coccomycosis thiab "Fufanon" los ntawm aphids.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, raug rau cov kev cai ntawm cog thiab kom tu, Cherry "Vyanok" zoo noj paus nyob rau hauv tej vaj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws muaj peev xwm yuav zus nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug txias huab cua kev nyab xeeb. Thiab tom qab ntawd, ua raws li txoj cai yooj yim ntawm agrotechnology, tswj qhov tseeb tsoom fwv ntawm fertilizing thiab watering, qhov no zoo kawg nkaus kab lis kev cai yuav thov txhua txhua xyoo nrog ib tug nplua nuj sau ntawm fragrant, muaj kua thiab six berries.
Yog hais tias koj tab tom nrhiav rau ntau yam nrog thaum ntxov ripening, them sai sai rau ntau yam ntawm Morozova Dessert, Resin los yog Podbelskaya.
Saib cov yees duab hais txog ntau yam ntawm cherries.
