Txhua tus neeg los ntawm Eastern Europe thiab tsis tsuas yog tsawg kawg yog ib zaug hauv nws lub neej sim ib qos yaj ywm tais.
Qhov no yog tiag tiag ib qho khoom plig universal, vim hais tias yog hais tias muaj qos yaj ywm nyob rau hauv lub cellar, koj yuav tau siv lub caij ntuj no tag nrho lub caij ntuj no thiab tsis paub kev tu siab.
Tab sis tseem qab tshaj plaws thiab noj qab haus huv lauj kaub tais diav yog muab los ntawm lub teeb, uas tau cia li tau dug tawm hauv av.
Tias yog vim li cas tshiab qos yaj ywm muaj li valued tsis tsuas yog los ntawm agronomists, tab sis kuj los ntawm cooks uas siv xws li qos yaj ywm raws li ib tug sab zaub mov.
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm qos yaj ywm thaum ntxov, tab sis ntawm lawv muaj cov zoo tshaj plaws - cov neeg uas yuav siv paus nyob rau hauv tej av thiab yuav muab ib qho zoo heev sau nyob rau hauv tej huab cua.
Tsi "Arosa"
Cov qos ntau yam, uas yog bred los ntawm German agronomists nyob rau hauv 2009. Cov ntau yam yog thaum ntxov vim hais tias nws ripens nyob rau hauv tsuas yog 70-75 hnub.
Bushes yog zoo nkauj, medium qhov siab, ib nrab-upright, nrog zoo nkauj liab-liab doog Bloom.
Tubers raug tsim oval-puab, me ntsis elongated, nrog liab-liab paj liab thiab ntiav loj qhov muag. Cov nqaij ntawm no qos ntau yam yog daj, heev six, nws cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tsis tshaj 14%.
Ib tug qos yuav hnyav 70 - 150 g, thiab on ib Bush ntawm xws li qos yaj ywm muaj peev xwm loj hlob 15 - 16 pieces.
Qhov no ntau yam yog pom tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, vim hais tias nrog zoo saib xyuas los ntawm ib tug hectare ntawm av koj muaj peev xwm tau txais txog li 70 tons ntawm qos yaj ywm.
Outwardly, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo saib zoo nkauj heevYog li, feem pua ntawm cov qoob loo uas muag tau 94- 96%. Nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm sustainability, qhov no ntau yam pom zoo nws tus kheej zoo.
Kev tiv thaiv mus rau drought, nematode, cancer, kab mob thiab txhua hom mosaic tso cai rau koj loj hlob no qos yaj ywm txawm nyob rau hauv feem ntau advers regions.
Raws li rau daim ntawv thov, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no siv tau los npaj ntau yam tais diav, suav nrog Fries fries.
Qhov no ntau yam yog unpretentious mus rau theem ntawm av fertility thiab nws muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog ntshaw kom npaj no qos yaj ywm rau cog, uas yog, kom sov nws nyob rau hauv lub hnub ua ntej cog nws nyob rau hauv hauv av.
Lub tswv yim cog qoob loo zoo li 35 x 65 cm, qhov tob ntawm qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum tsis pub ntev tshaj 10 cm Cov av rau qos yaj ywm yuav tsum xoob.
Rau no ntau yam yog tsi ntsees los ntawm "ncab" ntawm noo noo los ntawm cov av, yog li ntawd tsis muaj kev xav tau ntxiv watering bushes. Koj tseem yuav tsum tau fertilize lub bushes kom tau ib tug zoo sau. Yuav kom tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm phytophthora bushes, kwv yees li 2 lub lis piam ua ntej sau, koj yuav tsum tau tshem tag nrho cov saum.
Tsi "Alena"
Qhov ntau yam yog heev thaum ntxov, tom qab 45 hnub tom qab rov tshwm sim ntawm tua nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom sau thawj qoob loo.
Shrubs yog sprawling, tsis heev siab, nrog liab-liab doog blooms. Tubers yog vov-zoo li, ntom, nrog rau xim liab, daim tawv nqaij du thiab qhov muag me me los yog nruab nrab.
Cov nqaij yog dawb, lub starch nyob rau hauv nws yog tsis ntau tshaj 17%, tsis darken nrog mechanical kev txiav txim thiab txiav. Qhov loj ntawm txhua tuber ncav cuag 90 - 140 g, 60 hnub tom qab germination, tag nrho tawm los yog 200 centners ib hectare. Cov khoom siv nrog qhov kev nthuav qhia yog 97% ntawm tag nrho cov tubers.
Qhov no ntau yam tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tus mob rhizoctoniosis. Phytophthora thiab nematodes tau me ntsis worsen tus mob ntawm qos yaj ywm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog qos yaj ywm yog nws ntes rau thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev loj hlob.
Thiab tseem qib resistant rau ntau yam ntawm mechanical kev puas tsuaj, cua sov thiab tsis muaj ya raws. Los ntawm hauv paus ntawm no ntau yam yog tau zoo heev crisp.
Qhov no ntau yam tsis yuav tsum tau ua ntej qhov kev npaj ntawm cov khoom cog, yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom poob cov qos yaj ywm sai sai tom qab tshem tawm ntawm cia.
Tus qauv tsaws yog qhov qub. Cog nyob rau hauv lig Plaub Hlis - Tsib Hlis.
Vim nws txoj kev simplicity, qhov ntau yam tsis yuav tsum tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Watering ntxiv bushes yog tsis tsim nyog. Nco ntsoov loosen cov av thiab ua chiv.
Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tshuaj tsuag lub bushes nrog kev siv yeeb siv tshuaj tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob.
Ntau yam "Zhukovsky Ntxov"
Thaum ntxov ntau yam, uas yog bred los ntawm ntau yam "Berry" thiab "Hydra". Lub sij hawm ntawm vegetative kev loj hlob kav 70 - 80 hnub.
Cov qos bushes ntawm no ntau yam yog ib nrab-decadent, ntawm medium qhov siab, tua ceg tawm ntseeg tau, lub foliage yog loj, ntawm ib tug maub ntsuab xim, lub paj yog liab-liab doog nyob rau hauv cov xim. Hloov tubers, liab-skinned, nrog ib tug me me ntawm ob lub me liab qhov muag.
Cov nqaij yog milky dawb, nrog zoo saj, feem pua ntawm starch - 10 - 12%. Qhov nyhav ntawm ib tug tuber txawv ntawm 100 mus rau 120 g. Ntawm cov zis koj tuaj yeem tau 400-500 centners ntawm qos yaj ywm ib hectare ntawm av.
Khaws cia qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau ntev, kwv yees li 92% - 96% ntawm qoob loo yuav nyob twj ywm. 90 - 92% ntawm tag nrho cov tubers muaj ib qho zoo tshaj plaws kev lag luam tawm, yog li no tus no yog qos yuav muag zoo heev.
Kab mob xws li cancer, nematode, rhizoctoniosis, thiab kab xau yuav tsis ua mob rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau yam. Kuj rau no qos yaj ywm resistant rau mechanical kev puas tsuaj. Lub sijhawm teem caij.
Kev loj hlob yuav tsum pib rau lub Tsib Hlis. Tsaws yog zoo tib yam, uas yog, raws li ib qho qauv ntawm ib qho kev ntsuas dav. Yog xav tau los yog tsis tau qos yaj ywm ua ntej los ntawm qhov cia rau koj, tab sis koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws yog ib qho uas tsis tsim nyog ua kom tawg tawm me me, vim tias qhov no muaj ntau hom kab mob qis dua.
Watering lub bushes ntawm no qos yaj ywm yog tsis tsim nyog. Yuav muaj dej nag txaus. Paub tseeb koj yuav tsum tau loosen cov avthiaj li hais tias oxygen los ntawm tusyees. Kev noj tshuaj thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob los kuj yuav tsum tau siv raws li kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas.
Ntau yam "Thawj Coj"
Ntau heev thaum ntxov qos yaj ywm, lub tubers ntawm uas muaj peev xwm yuav dug twb nyob rau 45th hnub tom qab germination ntawm cov khoom cog. Thaum kawg, tus sau tau yuav harvested tom qab 70 - 75 hnub tom qab germination.
Bushes ntawm medium qhov siab, semi-upright, hom - nrab. Yoo on nroj tsuag ntawm medium loj, ntsuab. Cov paj yog dawb. Tubers yog ovate-puag ncig, nrog smooth daj daim tawv thiab lub qhov muag me me.
Cov nqaij ntawm no qos yog dawb, muaj 12% starch, heev six. Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib tuber yog 90 - 120 g, tag nrho tawm los - 207-248 centners ib hectare. Kev lag luam zoo qhov no ntau yam siab heev, bushes heev phooj ywg muab tubers.
Resistant no ntau yam tsuas yog mus rau mob cancer, nematode thiab lig blight ntawm saum thiab tubers tau me ntsis lwj qhov mob ntawm nroj tsuag.
Kev cog qoob loo yuav tsum npaj rau lub Tsib Hlis, tsis yog ua ntej, txwv tsis pub cog cov khoom yuav "khov". Tus qauv tsaws yog qhov dog dig, qhov tob kuj zoo li qub. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv ib qho chaw rau thaum no qos yaj ywm nyob qhov twg ntawm txhua xyoo thiab tshuaj ntsuab txhua xyoo, thiab cov nroj tsuag leguminous siv los cog.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm cov qos yaj ywm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau nqa tawm kho thiab tiv thaiv kev kho mob ntawm bushes, vim cov kab mob yuav tsis txwv koj ntawm ib feem ntawm cov qoob loo.
Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau loosen cov av thiab tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag uas tau parasitize on qos bushes. Koj tuaj yeem muab dej ntxiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tab sis nws yuav tsis yooj yim ua nrog thaj tsam loj ntawm cov qoob loo.
Ntau yam "Impala"
Lub Netherlands yog ib tug heev ntxov ntau yam ntawm qos yaj ywm, tom qab 50-55 hnub lub tubers nce txaus hnyav kom khawb lawv.
Txawm hais tias nws yog txawv teb chaws xaiv txiv hmab txiv ntooNws yoog rau kev loj hlob hauv kev sib txawv haum huab cua. Cov shrubs ntawm no qos loj hlob mus txog 70 - 75 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab, tsim ib qho upright lub ntsiab tua thiab 4 - 5 lateral stems, lub paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog dawb.
Lub tubers yog oval, lub tev ntawm daj xim yog them nrog me me qhov muag. Pulp nws yog xim nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb daj daj, ntau heev npawg, es starchy (hmoov txhuv nplej siab - 15%). Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib tug qos yuav 90 - 150 g, thiab 16 mus rau 21 txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ib tug Bush.
Txoj kev mus rau cov kab mob yog heev siab, txij li mob cancer, ntau yam kab mob thiab cov qos yaj ywm nematode tsis cuam tshuam rau ntau yam. Tab sis phytophthora ntawm saum thiab tubers thiab scab muaj peev xwm muaj feem ntawm no qos yaj ywm.
Qee lub sij hawm gardeners nyob rau hauv sab qab teb sau ob lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib lub caij, uas characterizes no xyov qos ntau yam zoo kawg nkaus. Productivity yog siab heev, ntawm ib hectare ntawm lub teb koj yuav tau sau los ntawm 18 mus rau 36 tons ntawm qos yaj ywm.
Kev siv ntawm no ntau yam yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws, qhov zoo tshaj yog qhov tsis muaj blackness tom qab txiav no qos yaj ywm. Qhov no ntau yam yog zoo meej rau cov hom phiaj, txij li nrog xws yields, qhov no qos zoo li heev txaus nyiam.
Qos yaj ywm ntawm no ntau yam yuav tsum tau npaj kom txhij rau cog, uas yog muab nws sov thiab germinate ib me ntsis. Tab sis yog tias cov khoom cog tau twb sprouted nyob rau hauv lub cia, koj muaj peev xwm tam sim ntawd muab pov nws rau hauv av.
Ntawm no lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum sov, txwv tsis pub lub qos yaj ywm yuav tsis cia sprouts. Tus qauv tsaws yog qhov qub. Tsis tas li ntawd, poob lub sijhawm thiab qhov tob kom zoo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov May tias nws yog ntshaw prikopat no ntau yam thiaj li hais tias nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis thiab ib nrab nws yuav ua tau kom tau txais thawj qoob loo.
Lub peculiarity ntawm no qos ntau yam yog nws susceptibility mus rau nitrogen, yog li tus nqi ntawm fertilizer tias koj yuav ua rau lub sij hawm npaj ntawm cov av rau lub caij tom ntej no yuav tsum muaj xws li ib tug me me ntawm nitrogen fertilizer.
Nco ntsoov cog cov av, thawj lub sij hawm nws yog ntshaw kom ua ib lub lim tiam tom qab cog. Hilling yog tsim nyog yog hais tias hauv av yog qhuav thiab nws yog ib qhov tsis yooj yim su dej lub vaj. Cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg mus rau 2 - 3.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog qhov cultivation ntawm qos yaj ywm nyob rau hauv straw
Red Scarlett Variety
Thaum Ntxov ripe Dutch ntau yam nrog ib tug loj hlob rau lub caij ntawm 70 - 80 hnub. Cov shrubs ntawm no qos ntau yam yog tsawg, nruab nrab, ib nrab-upright. Cov nplooj ntawm nroj tsuag yog medium loj, ntsuab. Lub paj yog pleev xim rau hauv liab-liab doog xim.
Tubers ntawm elongated oval duab, nrog liab daim tawv nqaij, on uas me me, qhov muag ntiav yog randomly tawg. Cov nqaij ntawm qos yaj ywm yog dawb, starchy (10 - 15%), heev six.
Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib tug tuber yog 60 - 150 g, thiab muaj txog li 15 xws li tubers ib nroj. Kev tsim tau ncav 400 thiab tsawg dua ib nrab ntawm hectare.
Cov qos no tuaj yeem dag ntev heev thiab zoo heev, tsuas yog 2% ntawm qos yaj ywm tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia. Cov khoom siv exhalation hauv hoob kawm no tseem heev (96%). Tsis yog tus kab mob viruses, los yog mob cancer, los yog nematode, los yog txawm phytophora ntaus koj qos ntawm no ntau yam.
Kuj no qos yaj ywm muaj peev xwm withstand drought thiab kub siab hauv av kub. Nws yuav tsis nres fruiting thiab tsim. Lwm zoo dua ntawm no ntau yam yog qhov tseeb tias lub tubers tsis tig dub thaum lub sij hawm kho cua sov.
By lub sij hawm ntawm cog, no ntau yam ntawm qos yaj ywm yog tsis sib txawv los ntawm tag nrho lwm tus neeg. Qhov layout thiab qhov tob ntawm tsaws no kuj muaj ntau. Laying tawm cov khoom cog hauv lub hnub tseem tsis raug mob, raws li nws yuav pib tsim sai dua hauv av. Cov av yuav tsum sov thiab txaus plowed.
Qhov no qos yaj ywm yog xav tau xwb loosening cov av thiab hnav khaub ncaws. Tsis txhob kho cov nroj tsuag nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav accumulate teeb meem compounds. Yog hais tias cov av yog nplua nuj txaus, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg koj thov fertilizer, ces fertilizing thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob yog tsis xav tau.
Thaum ntxov qos yaj ywm muaj zoo dua rau qee yam vim li niaj zaus qos yaj ywm. Yog li ntawd, faib lub me me av ntawm cia li rau hom bulba thiab txaus siab, thaum lub sij hawm, freshly siav cov tub ntxhais hluas qos yaj ywm.
