Niaj hnub yug breeders yog tas li tawm tsam los ua super resistant thiab hardy ntau yam.
Txawm li cas los xij, xws li kev sib tw, kev saj zoo ntawm ntau ntau yam raug kev txom nyem, tag nrho cov kev nplua nuj ntawm grape flavour thiab lub ntuj qab ntxiag aroma uas noj qab nyob zoo ntawm kev deb yog ploj.
Vim li no, ntau tus neeg cog khwv tau yuav nyob ruaj khov rau cov laus qub, bred hauv lub xyoo dhau los.
Ib qho ntawm cov ntau yam yog Volzhsky grape.
Dua li ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm kev saib xyuas rau ntau yam, nws muaj ntau yam zoo uas nyuaj rau nrhiav tau ntawm cov niaj hnub ntau yam. Hais txog lawv hauv kev nthuav dav thiab qhia rau hauv qab no.
Nqe lus piav ntawm varietal yam ntxwv ntawm grapes "Volzhsky"
Qhov no ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog bred los ntawm breeders rov qab rau hauv 1971, hla rau qhov sib txuam ua ke ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam.
Nyob rau hauv kev, ib tug sib tov ntawm pollen los ntawm xws grapes raws li Muscat Hamburg thiab Vitis Amurenzis tau siv. Nrog nws cov kev pab, ntau yam "Firstborn ntawm Kuibyshev" tau pollinated, raws li ib tug ntawm cov uas "Volzhsky" grapes tau.
Feem ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no ntau zus nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub nruab nrab banduas nws cov kab mob climatic zoo tshaj plaws haum rau nws rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab fruiting. Rau hnub tim, nws tsis tshua muaj pom nyob rau hauv ntiag tug thaj av, tab sis nws muaj tag nrho cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog, txij li nws yog qhov zoo kawg txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub hom phiaj lub hom phiaj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub bushes ntawm no ntau yam yog zoo kawg nkaus yoog rau industrial cultivation nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam loj.
Nta grapes txhuam ntau yam "Volzhsky"
Bunches ntawm "Volzhsky" txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib tug zoo heev ntxim hlub thiab ib tug zoo nkauj wide conical duab (tej zaum lawv shapeless). Qee lub sij hawm ib tug koojtis tuaj yeem tsim tau. Loj, lawv feem ntau pom nruab nrab thiab loj, xws li ntev ntawm 12 mus rau 23 centimeters.
Cov berries nyob rau hauv pawg yog muab tso rau tightly, yog hais tias tus pawg yog shapeless - medium ntom. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv qhov txawv ntawm qhov txawv yog ib daim caum tsis ntev, vim yog qee zaum nyuaj heev kom tshem tawm cov khoom noj los ntawm ib tug Bush, berries yuav puas ntsoog.
Qhov tseem ceeb pride ntawm grapes "Volzhsky" yog nws cov berries.
Firstly, lawv yog cov loj loj me me: ntev npaum li cas ntawm ib qho txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem ncav cuag li ntawm 2.1 centimeters.
Qhov thib ob, lawv muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug, sib npaug thiab tsis sib luag nrog ib pawg.
Thirdly, nplua nuj xiav xiav los yog xim dub txawm ua rau cov berries tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus nyiam thiab appetizing.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cev nqaij daim tawv tsis zoo nkauj thiab kev sib tw, thaum noj mov, nws zoo nkaus li tias nws tsuas yaj zom hauv qhov ncauj. Feem ntau, qhov saj yog harmonious heev.
Muaj coob tus ntseeg tias zoo li no muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ntau ntau yam nrog Amursky ntau yam, tab sis peb maj nroos tuaj qhia koj tias nws tsis muaj ib qho kev saj thiab nws txoj kev zoo li Amursky tsuas yog sab nraud xwb. Tshaj li cas, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau piav qhia txog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj muaj cov ntsiab lus qab zib ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas nws nce mus txog lub caij nyoog ntawm kev loj hlob zoo - los ntawm 14 mus rau 17% (ces, thaum nws acidity yog siab tshaj 9 g / l).
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ripening qoob loo thiab lub volume ntawm fruiting grapes "Volzhsky"
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm no ntau yam yog ceev ceev ripening ntawm nws txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas ua rau nws ua tau kom loj hlob "Volzhsky" txiv hmab hauv nruab nrab cheeb tsam. Nws ripens nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum ntxov-medium, kwv yees li 125-135 hnub ntawm lub caij nyoog loj hlob ntawm lub Bush (qhov no yog lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm uas Bush tau lub sij hawm mus rau Bloom thiab rau ib tug qoob loo). Yog li, tshem tau kom loj hlob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau yam tuaj mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub yim hli ntuj - thaum ntxov Lub Cuaj Hli.
Raws li rau peculiarities ntawm fruiting, koj muaj peev xwm sau thawj cov qoob loo ntawm bushes cog on koj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoo (yog hais tias ob xyoos-xyoos-laus seedlings twb cog, los yog txoj kev ntawm grafting mus rau Tshuag nrog ib tug loj khoom ntawm perennial ntoo tau siv).
Bush muaj qhov nruab nrab lub zog loj hlob., tab sis tib lub sij hawm pleases nrog sufficiently ntau harvests: yog hais tias Bush yog tsim los ntawm ib tug multi-arm ntxuam txoj kev, ces rau 3-5 xyoo nws yuav tsim txog 4-6.5 kilograms ntawm zoo berries. Tiam sis on qub bushes thiab raug mus rau cov kev cai ntawm agrotechnology, cov bushes tau yooj yim rau li 14 kilograms ntawm loj thiab zoo-ripened txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog kev sib ntaus tawm tsam txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kev tiv thaiv
Yog vim li cas qhov no grapes yuav tsum tau cog: lub meej mom ntawm grapes "Volzhsky"
- Cov lus sib tov zoo nkauj nrog saj zoo heev thiab lub sij hawm thaum ntxov-nrab ripening.
- Zoo rooting ntawm cuttings thiab adaptability ntawm bushes mus rau kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm qhov nruab nrab climatic sawb.
- Lub xub ke ntawm bisexual paj, ua tsaug uas lub inflorescences ntawm Bush yog pollinated 100%, thiab berries tsis peas.
- Tua ripen txaus, kom ntseeg tau zoo yield.
- Qhov ntau yog characterized los ntawm kev siab tsis kam mus rau fungal kab mob uas feem ntau cuam tshuam vineyards - mildew thiab grey puab.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam los yog vim li cas nws poob nws qhov qub chaw
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, txhua yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj nws cov drawbacks, uas manifest lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ntau degrees.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov txiv hmab "Volzhsky" yog nws tsawg tsis kam mus rau qhov siab thiab muaj zog txaus ntshai heev. Vim li no, thiaj li ua tiav siab tau zoo, koj yuav tsum hws zoo tshaj lub hav txwv yeem thiab thaj chaw uas nws loj tuaj. Rau tibneeg niaj hnub tam sim no, qhov no tsuas yog tsis tau tso cai rau khoom kim heev, vim li no lawv yuav xaiv ntau hom kev lag luam thiab yooj yim-rau-siab grape ntau yam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub "Volga" grape yog zus ntau yam, nws cov berries muaj 2-3 noob. Rau ntau, lawv heev ntau lwj qhov hnov ntawm saj ntawm berries, rau uas lawv tsis saib xyuas no ntau yam.
Yuav ua li cas cog grapes "Volzhsky" rau ntawm koj qhov chaw: cov lus qhia ntxaws
Qhov no grape breed multiplies heev tsuas. Nws yog txaus los txiav txim siab ntawm txoj kev cog thiab npaj mus rau nws txoj kev npaj.
Ntawm qhov uas twb muaj lawm txoj kev ntawm propagation ntawm grape bushes ntawm Volzhsky ntau yam, cog seedlings yog zoo tshaj plaws haum, tab sis nws yog tseem tau mus inculcate cuttings thiab ceg los ntawm ib tug neeg laus Bush. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua txoj kev muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
Ua tsaug rau cov yub cog ntawm koj tus kheej cov hauv paus hniav, koj yuav ua tau 100% paub tseeb tias nws yuav cog qoob loo ntawm raws nraim uas nws tau loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no tag nrho nws cov kev tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim.
Thaum grafting ib "Volzhsky" txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus rau lub zog-loj hlob thiab cov cua-resistant Tshuag, nws yog ua tau kom nws nce fertility thiab tsis kam, Txawm li cas los, lub fruiting yuav hloov tsis tsuas quantitatively tab sis kuj qualitatively. Hais tawm los ntawm cov kais dej muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ib yam li cog cov yub, tab sis nws yooj yim dua rau kev siv nws.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov chaw zoo rau cog grapes "Volzhsky"
Txij li thaum lub caij loj hlob ntawm ib tug Bush ntawm no ntau yam kav ntev lub sij hawm ntev, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm hnub ci tshav kub thiab lub teeb yog yuav tsum tau rau lub raws sij hawm thiab kev vam meej ntawm ripening ntawm qoob loo. Yog li ntawd, lub bushes ntawm no ntau yam nyob rau hauv tsis muaj ntaub ntawv cog nyob rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau koj xaiv qhov chaw nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm koj lub cuab yeej, kom tsis muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm cov vaj tse los yog lwm yam nroj tsuag thiab ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd Sab qaum teb ntawm thaj av sab nrauv yuav ua haujlwm zootxij thaum nws tseem yog lub sij hawm ntev ntawm lub hnub yog illuminated los ntawm lub hnub.
Ib qho tseem ceeb nuance uas yuav tsum tau xav tias thaum twg tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam yog tiv thaiv lawv ntawm txias sab qaum teb cua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho txaus heev rau cog bushes nyob rau hauv lub lowlands, qhov twg txias huab cua yuav stagnate rau ib lub sij hawm ntev ntawm lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, grape bushes av nyob rau hauv cov av nplaum thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob ze phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev uas ua hauj lwm raws li kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov txaus ntshai ntawm raug mob xws li ntuj ntuj phenomena mus rau ib tug Bush thaum lub sij hawm flowering yog vaj huam sib luag rau poob ntawm ib tug qoob loo los yog nws pea.
Tsis tas li ntawd, rau zoo kev loj hlob ntawm grape Bush thiab nws cov sau, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov av yuav raws li fertile li sai tau. Dub av yog zoo tagnrho rau qhov no, lub teeb xau xws li cov txiv kabmob kuj zoo heev.
Thaum tsis muaj hom av, qhov av tuaj yeem fertilized ntawm nws tus kheej thiab txuas ntxiv mus ua nws tsis tu ncua thoob plaws kev loj hlob ntawm Bush.
Tseem ceeb heev coj mus rau hauv tus account lub tob ntawm av: yog hais tias lawv nce saum 2 meters mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov av, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau khawb qhov kua kua hauv cheeb tsam. Tom qab tag nrho, hauv paus system ntawm vines yog heev heev tsim, thiab yog li ntawd, tej zaum yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm glut.
Lub tswv yim ntawm cog grape bushes ntau yam "Volzhsky" rau lub site
Tej vine yuav tsum tau ntau qhov chaw rau kev loj hlob ntawm tua thiab kev loj hlob ntawm hauv paus system, uas muab nws nrog muab kev pab cuam. Yog li ntawd, grape plantings yuav tsum tau teem caij raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb tswvyim uas yuav siv mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov txheej xwm.
Txij li thaum lub grape ntau yam "Volzhsky" bushes muaj ib qho nruab nrab txoj kev loj hlob quab yuam, tab sis qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm ob bushes yuav tsum yog yam tsawg kawg 1.5-2.5 meters. Tab sis ntawm ob kab yog ua kom sib txawv ntawm 3 meters.
Peb xaiv lub sij hawm tsim nyog ntawm lub xyoo thiab lub sij hawm rau cog grapes
Nrog cog ntawm grapes muaj ob qho kev xaiv: no qoob loo yuav cog ob qho tag nrho nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab nyob rau hauv Autumn. Nyob rau hauv txhua qhov teeb meem, muaj qhov tsis zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo, yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab uas lub sijhawm xyoo zoo tshaj plaws.
- Caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem nqa tawm txij li hnub kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis thiab mus txog thawj lub davhlau. Yog hais tias lub seedlings yog pw thiab "dub" - lawv yuav tsum tau cog sai li sai tau.
Ntoo saplings thiab nrog ntsuab tua - raws li lig li sai tau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cog grapes nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau lub sij hawm no huab cua tau txais txhua txhua hnub, stimulating lub Bush loj hlob. Tom qab ib qho loj hlob rau lub caij no, cov txiv hmab yuav muaj zog thiab ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshiab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, uas yuav pab tau nws kom tiv thaiv lub caij ntuj no frosts ntau.
Tseem, vim li no, lub grapes tau pib fruiting ib me ntsis ntxov.
- Cog ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg yog tsuas tau rau seedlings uas twb dhau mus rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tranquility thiab rau grafting cuttings on rootstocks. Nws muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm nruab nrab Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj.
Lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau xaiv thiaj li hais tias lub cog seedling tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus pib loj hlob ua ntej lub caij ntuj no, tab sis muaj tsis tau muaj zog frosts. Qhov zoo ntawm xws li ib tug cog yog tias nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no, ua ntej, cov khoom siv rau kev luam tawm ntawm grapes yog nqa tawm, thiab ob zaug, lub Autumn av yog ntau ntau ntub tshaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab tsis yuav tsum tau xws li heev dej.
Grape seedlings ntau yam "Volzhsky" thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv cov cog rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv
Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog worthwhile los npaj lub aub tsiv rau sapling. Nws yog tsim nyog khawb mus txog 80 centimeters sib sib zog nqus thiab sib npaug hauv qhov dav. Qhov loj li no yuav cia tus loj npaum li cas ntawm cov chiv kom pub rau lub hav txwv ywm thaum thawj xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob kom tsaug zog thaum nws qab.
Raws li ib tug fertilizer, humus, poov tshuaj, phosphates thiab nitrogen yog siv (tom kawg nyob rau hauv heev me me, vim nws muaj peev xwm adversely muaj feem rau qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub Hive). Tag nrho cov no fertilizer tov nrog fertile av thiab poob pw tsaug zog rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov taub.
Txawm li cas los, lwm 10 cm txheej ntawm unfertilized av yuav tsum tau poured tshaj lawv los tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm los ntawm Burns. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub qhov tsoo yuav tsum sab laug rau ob peb lub lis piam mus rau av nws subsided. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav txiav txim siab nrog seedling thiab ces nws paus ntseg tsho yuav muaj underground, uas yog tsis tshua muaj neeg undesirable.
Lub ntsiab ntawm kev xaiv ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo seedling yog xim dawb ntawm lub keeb kwm thiab ntsuab xim ntawm nws Upper txiav. Ua ntej yuav cog qoob loo, yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej kom nws muaj ntau li ntau tau nrog cov dej noo (nws yuav yog lub hauv paus ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob kom txog thaum nws tuaj yeem nqus tau dej ntawm nws cov av).
Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau txo lub seedling mus rau hauv aub tsiv mus rau theem ntawm lawv paus ntseg tsho, nws yog zoo dua yog hais tias nws nce ib me ntsis saum toj no rau theem ntawm cov av. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom tiav ib lub qhov, maj mam kom tsis txhob ua kom cov hauv paus hniav puas thiab tsis txhob tawm hauv cov huab cua ze ntawm lawv (cov hauv paus hniav yuav qhuav ntawm qhov no).
Nws raug nquahu kom nyob nruab nrab ntawm txoj haujlwm no. ncuav ib lub thoob dej rau hauv lub qhov taub thiab tsuas yog ces mus txuas ntxiv tsaug zog. Thaum koj ua tiav cov txheej txheem no, ib ceg txheem ntseeg yuav tsum muab khi rau ntawm lub yub, uas yuav ua haujlwm rau nws. Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub seedling yog abundantly watered, thiab rau ib tug ntev tuav ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv nws, nws yog them nrog mulch.
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cuttings mus rau Tshuag: yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob lwj lub cog cov ntaub ntawv thiab loj hlob ib tug zoo Bush?
Cuttings rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog npaj ua ntej. Optimally, thiaj li hais tias lawv tsis muaj ntau tshaj 3 lub qhov muag. Nyob rau hauv qis ntawm lawv, lub txiav yog txiav tawm ntawm ob sab, uas yuav cia nws mus rau ze ze rau rootstock thiab siv paus sai npaum li cas. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog kev pom zoo kom muaj nyob rau hauv dej tsawg kawg ib hnub ua ntej kev muab tshuaj.
Noo noo yuav ua si tib lub luag haujlwm raws li lub yub. Yuav kom tsim kho lub tsim ntawm keeb kwm kuj tseem poob lub txiav nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb daws ntawm lub tshuaj "Gumat". Thaum cog nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, nws yog ib qhov tshwj xeeb heev rau paraffin ib tug txiav.
Lub Tshuag yuav tsum npaj kom sai sai ua ntej grafting.
Thawj kauj ruam yog los tshem tawm lub qub grape Bush, thiab ua tib zoo ntxuav lub txiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws nraim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Tshuag, ib ntiav split yog ua, nyob rau hauv uas grape txiav yog muab tso rau.
Kom zoo dua rooting, lub Tshuag nrog tus kov yuav tsum tau rub raws li tight li sai tau. Ua li no, nws raug nquahu kom siv paj rwb ntaub: nws muaj zog txaus, thiab tom qab ib xyoo nws yuav decompose ntawm nws tus kheej, tawm hauv tsis muaj kab ntawm nws tus kheej.
Rau qhov zoo dua ntawm kev txuag ntawm noo noo, grafting yog smeared nrog ntub av nplaum. Lub Tshuag, zoo li lub yub, yog watered thiab cov av ib ncig nws yog them nrog mulch.
Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau paub txog kev saib xyuas ntawm cov txiv hmab "Volzhsky"?
- Qhov no nroj tsuag yog heev fond ntawm noo noo, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm nws kev loj hlob. Rau qhov no yog vim li cas, muaj lub sij hawm thaum lub grapes raug pom zoo kom tau watered: thaum lub sij hawm budding, ua ntej flowering, thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm berries on inflorescences. Cov dej Droughts tseem muaj rau cov sij hawm no.
- Txhua tus dej ntawm cov av yuav tsum tau nrog nws cov mulching, uas yuav khaws cov av noo ntev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws mulch rau vineyards yog sawdust los yog Moss, uas yog pw tawm nyob rau hauv ib lub txheej ntawm 3-4 centimeters.
- Ib tug zoo sau ntawm no grape ntau yam yuav muab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog hais tias nws Bush yog zoo pub. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua txhua txhua xyoo los ntawm nkag teb chaws ntawm Bush mus rau hauv fruiting. Nws yog tsim nyog siv ob qho tib si organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv.
- Pruning rau ib tug Bush ntawm grapes "Volzhsky" yog pom zoo ntev.
- Ntau yam yog hais txog kev npog uas yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab ua ntej pib lub caij ntuj no.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm tsam fungi yog nqa tawm txhua txhua xyoo, nyiam dua 3 lub sij hawm.
