Viticulture tau ntev los lawm tsuas yog npas los yog nroj tsuag zuj zus.
Rau ntau, tus txheej txheem ntawm loj hlob grapes yog ib tug hobby tiag tiag thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, uas, nyob rau hauv particular, yuav coj tsis tau tsuas yog Library, tab sis kuj khoom kev ruaj ntseg.
V.Zagorulko yog ib qho ntawm cov npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas tau ncaim ntawm qhov pib ua kom yooj yim mus rau ib qho kev txawj ntse hauv nws daim teb.
Qhov no breeder yog tus sau ntawm ib tug lossis loj ntau yam tam sim no nrov grape ntau yam, qhov chaw ntawm kev hwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe uas yog nyob los ntawm ntau yam "Ruslan".
Nws yog hais txog nws thiab nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm varietal uas peb yuav qhia rau koj hauv tsab xov xwm no.
Peb tau ntsib nrog cov yeeb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov txiv hmab "Ruslan"
Zagorulko V.V. tsim no daim ntawv hybrid ntawm grapes los ntawm xws li ntau hom "Khoom Plig ntawm Zaporozhye" thiab "Kuban".
Ua tsaug rau cov ntau yam, tsim daim ntawv tau txais tsis tsuas zoo saj, tab sis kuj yog ib qho zoo nkauj tsos thiab stability.
Nws yog lub rooj txiv hmab uas yuav kho lub rooj txhua lub sijhawm xyoo.
Grapes "Ruslan" ua zoo yoog rau tej yam mob ntawm nruab nrab band, thiab muaj peev xwm dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv ob qho tib si hauv cov nroj tsuag khib nyiab ntawm ntiag tug thaj av thiab hauv cov chaw lag luam. Nyob rau hauv kev, hnub no qhov ntau yam yog zoo zoned tshaj ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub yav qab teb thiab nruab nrab cheeb tsam ntawm xws li lub teb chaws Ukraine, Kazakhstan thiab Russia.
Qhov loj ntawm lub grapes ntawm no grape ntau yam yog heev loj.
Txog qhov nruab nrab qhov nyhav ntawm ib pawg yog 0.5-0.8 kilograms. Muaj ob qho me me thiab loj tshaj plaws, kev saib xyuas rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov huab cua puag hauv txhua lub caij ua si loj.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, lawv yog cov feem ntau conical, nrog berries tsis tightly muab tso rau lawv.
Tshwj xeeb yog txaus siab nrog lub fact tias nws cov berries yog txawm thiab identical, tsis yog pea.
Raws li rau txawv nta ntawm grapes "Ruslan", lawv muaj ib tug zoo nkauj oval duab thiab tsaus xiav (tej zaum txawm dub) xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb teev hais tias daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov berries yog rather nyias, tab sis nws kuj muaj ib txheej ntawm prune (ib tug tshwj xeeb quav ntaub uas cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau saum npoo ntawm grapes). Nrog rau tag nrho cov no, nws yog yooj yim nraus thiab noj tsis muaj teeb meem, tsis cuam tshuam lub saj.
Hais txog tus xeeb ceem kawg, uas yog hais txog kev saj, cov txiv hmab "Ruslan" tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib qho ntawm cov ntse tshaj plaws thiab thawj. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov saj ntawm nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog heev harmonious, thiab vim nws ntom thiab crunchy nqaij, nws yog tseem tender. Tab sis nws qhov txawv txav yog ntxiag saj ntawm ripe plum, rau cov uas ntau yam yog li appreciated los ntawm lovers.
Cov suab thaj ntawm cov berries yog 18%, nrog ib tug acidity ntawm 6.5 g / l.
Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yam ntxwv ntawm berries ntawm no ntau yam yog lawv loj loj ntau thiab tsawg. Qhov nruab nrab, qhov nyhav ib cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog los ntawm 18 mus rau 20 gram, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov txiv hmab. Dua li ntawm lawv cov tawv nqaij thiab nyias nyias, lawv muab rau ntev heev.
Qhov no ntau yam kuj nyiam rau nws siab yields thiab rau cov nqe lus thaum ntxov ntawm lawv cov ripening. Ua tsaug rau vigorous shrub, nws muaj peev xwm rau ntev ntev thiab muaj zog tua. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub vine matures tsuas yog nplua, qhov nruab nrab tus nqi ntawm tua loj hlob yog sib npaug zos rau 72.6%.
Nrog rau tag nrho cov no, lub coefficient ntawm fruitfulness ntawm no ntau yam yog 1.2-1.5. Yog li, tsis yog ib qho, tab sis ntau li 3 pawg ua tau zoo zuj zus ntawm ib qho tua. Xws li ib tug loj npaum li cas tsis cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm qoob loo: nrog zoo saib xyuas thiab hnav khaub ncaws, Bush yuav yooj yim rub tawm xws li ib tug qoob loo.
Tab sis, dhau li ntawm lub ntsiab qoob loo, pawg yog tas mus li tsim nyob rau hauv stepsons ntawm bushes ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo Ruslan. Nws tsis yog xav tsis thoob, tab sis qhov no qoob loo muaj lub sij hawm mus rau ripen zoo ua ntej qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam.
Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau yam ntawm no grape yog heev thaum ntxov. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm nws cov nroj tsuag tsuas kav 100-115 hnub, uas tso cai rau koj pib sau nws sau los ntawm lub yim hli ntuj 10.
Virtues grape "Ruslan"
- Grapevine ntawm no ntau yam muaj ib lub paj ntawm ob qho tib si, uas tswj qhov hauj lwm ntawm pollination tsis tsuas rau nws, tab sis kuj mus rau ntau yam uas Bloom nrog nws nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Vim li no, lub grapes tsis peas berries.
- High fruitfulness thiab zoo ntawm qoob loo, uas yog muaj peev xwm yuav tau zoo thauj thiab khaws cia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm uas tsis poob ntawm tsos thiab saj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pawg yuav tau khaws cia nyob rau Bush rau ib txhia lub sij hawm, tom qab lawv tag nrho ripening.
- Ntxiv nrog rau qhov zoo heev saj, lub berries ntawm no grape muaj ntau yam khoom tseem ceeb. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov vitamins thiab kab kawm contributes rau qhov tseeb hais tias nws yuav ua tau ib qho tshuaj indispensable rau anemia, mob cancer, o ntawm mob caj dab, lub raum kab mob. Ua tsaug rau nws siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, tag nrho txoj hnyuv cev zoo zoo, lub cev metabolism yog zoo dua.
- Rau qhov kev npaj ntawm lauj kaub tais diav yog siv tsis tsuas yog lub berries ntawm no grape ntau yam, tab sis kuj nws loj ntsuab nplooj. Qhov feem ntau ntawm txoj kev lawv siv yog kev npaj cov marinades.
- Vim nws tsis kam mus qis dua, cov txiv hmab ntawm "Rusla" tuaj yeem zuj zus ua cov kab lis kev cai tsis yog npog. Lub vine ntawm bushes tsis yog puas thaum txo lub caij ntuj no kub kom -24 ° C.
- Rau xws li fungal kab mob raws li mildew thiab oidium, ntau yam yuav luag tsis paub. Tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab grey rot tau muab sau tseg, txij li lub noob qoob loo rau nws tau pauv mus rau Ruslan txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm niam txiv cov ntaub ntawv.
- Qhov ntau yog tsim rau cov amateur thiab industrial cultivation; feem ntau, nws tsis yog xim ywj pheej thiab tsis muaj zog. Nws kis yooj yim heev, uas yog nce los ntawm lub zoo heev rooting nqi ntawm cuttings harvested los ntawm Ruslan txiv hmab txiv ntoo Bush.
Muaj ntau cov tseem ceeb heev ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no ntau vim yog qhov tseeb tias txhua tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj 1-2 pob txha. Lawm, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txoj kev saj thiab lub tswv yim tag nrho ntawm cov txiv hmab. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, qhov no tsis txo cov muaj koob meej ntawm "Ruslan".
Ib qho teeb meem loj dua yog qhov tsis zoo ntes berries nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm high av thiab cua humidity. Tab sis tseem, piv rau lwm yam, rau Ruslan qhov tseeb yog tsis yog li ntawd catastrophic. Tseeb, txawm nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov nyom feem ntau tsuas yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm qoob loo yog tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov berries tsis rot, thaum uas seem uas tsim nyog rau noj.
Nws kuj yog nyiam kom nyeem cov cai ntawm kev zov me nyuam rau cov txiv hmab.
Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau paub txog cog ib tug grape Bush ntau yam "Ruslan": ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm tsim nyog tej yam kev mob rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab ncaj cog
Luam luam ntawm txoj kev ntawm grape Bush muaj ntau ntau. Txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej zoo, yog li nws muaj nqis xaiv txoj kev rau koj tus kheej raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- Cog varietal grape seedlings on lawv tus kheej keeb kwm. Qhov feem ntau ntau txoj kev ntawm propagation ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim uas koj qhov chaw tsis muaj lwm bushes uas cog no yuav tsum tau grafted. Qhov zoo dua yog tias lub resulting Bush 100% inherit tag nrho cov zoo ntawm nws cov chav kawm ntawv, tsis yog zoo ntawm rootstock. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los yuav los sis cog qoob loo ntawm koj tus kheej; kev tu nws kuj tsis tas yuav siv zog ntau. Saplings tau cog ob qho tag nrho nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Nyob rau hauv Autumn, qhov no yog lub sij hawm ntawm mid-Lub kaum hli ntuj mus txog rau thawj Frost. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, seedlings si tauv los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg yog cog nrog suab thawj kub, thiab cov neeg cog ntawm cuttings thiab ntsuab tua los ntawm nruab nrab-May mus rau thawj lub caij ntuj sov hnub. Tom qab cog, lub seedlings yog nco ntsoov mus zais.
- Grafting ntawm varietal cuttings mus rau rootstocks, uas muaj ib tug loj Tshuag ntawm perennial ntoo. Rau qhov no, ob qho tib si "dub" (tseem tsis tau txog) cuttings thiab "ntsuab" siv tau. Tib yam nrog cov khoom muaj nqis rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub pob txha muaj qhov zoo nyob rau hauv uas yog vim li cas ntawm kev lag luam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm nplooj ntoo pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo sai, vim hais tias sai li sai tau nws yuav tsum hauv paus, lub zog thiab zoo tsim paus system ntawm qub Bush tam sim ntawd pib pub nws. Xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog nruab nrab ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, nyob ntawm seb nws zoo li cas koj xav siv.
- Luam tawm ntawm grapes siv ub. Yuav kom loj hlob ib tug tshiab Bush nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, koj xav tau ib tug laus thiab fruiting. Ua li no, muab nws ib qho ntawm nws ntev thiab muaj zog tua, uas bends down rau cov av nws tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nphoo nrog lub ntiaj teb, thiab tom qab ib lub sij hawm no kev khiav dim yuav pib nws tus kheej cov hauv paus hniav thiab yuav pib tsim raws li ib tug yuav luag ywj siab Bush. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav transplanted raws li ib tug sapling. Koj tuaj yeem nqa tawm hom no txhua xyoo puag ncig. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov cov kaus poom yog tias lawv pib tsim cov khoom noj thawj zaug sai sai, twb nyob hauv ob xyoo.
Grapes - ib qho ntawm feem ntau hnub-hlub nroj tsuag, uas yog tsuas categorically tsis tuaj yeem cog rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo.
Kuv xav tias koj tau pom tias lovers feem ntau loj hlob no cog rau sab qab teb sab ntawm lawv lub tsev los yog chaw nyob. Hom no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, vim cov tuam tsev tsis khaus cov nroj tsuag thiab, tib lub sij hawm, nws yooj yim heev rau nws los tsim kom muaj kev txhawb nqa rau nws.
Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cog nyob rau hauv lub arches los yog ze ntawm lub arbors. Cov hau kev no tseem siv tau zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub hlwb nco tias tsis yog lwm yam nroj tsuag tsis nees neighbouring bushes yuav tsum ntxoov lub Bush.
Yog li, tso ib tug vineyard, los yog tsuas yog cog ib tug xov tooj ntawm ob peb bushes, yuav tsum tau noj mus rau hauv tus account lawv loj hlob lub hwj chim. Txij li thaum lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam "Ruslan" muaj ib tug heev muaj zog thiab vigorous Bush, rau weaving thiab fruiting, nws yuav tsum tau ntau ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, nruab nrab ntawm bushes cog nyob rau hauv ib kab feem ntau indent tsis tsawg tshaj li 1.5 meters.
Feem ntau, nyob hauv lub tiaj nraum qaum tsev no yuav txaus, txawm tias koj tuaj yeem khiav nrug deb ntev. Nruab nrab ntawm kab ntawm no grape ntau yam yog rov qab los ntawm 3 meters.
Raws li rau cov av, qhov loj yuav tsum tau rau nws yog qhov peev xwm los hws noo zoo los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tsis txhob tuav nws rau ib lub sijhawm ntev heev. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj yog dub av, lossis lwm lub teeb xau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog av. Tom qab tag nrho, grape paus system yog heev heev tsim, yog li lawv yuav tsum pw tsawg kawg ntawm ib qhov tob ntawm 2 meters.
Rau cog seedlings tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauj lwm yog los npaj lub aub tsiv. Nws yuav tsum muaj cov chiv tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob. Vim li no, qhov tob ntawm qhov aub tsiv yuav tsum yog li 0.8 meters thiab tib qhov dav. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, feem ntau ntawm cov aub tsiv yuav tsum sib tov ntawm fertile av thiab 2-3 thoob ntawm humus.
Grapes tsis muaj peev xwm muab cog ncaj qha rau ntawm no sib tov, txij li nws cov hauv paus hniav tuaj yeem raug puas ntsoog. Rau qhov no, lwm txheej ntawm fertile av yog poured nyob rau hauv los ntawm saum toj no, tab sis tsis muaj chiv. Ntxiv mus, tus aub tsiv yog tso rau tsawg kawg 2 lub lis piam, yog li ntawd cov av nyob rau hauv nws yog zoo subsided.
Lub seedling yog zoo tshaj plaws yuav nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb nurseries los yog los ntawm cov neeg uas tau ntev tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv viticulture. Ib tug zoo thiab si tauv seedling yuav qhia tau los ntawm cov xim thiab mob ntawm nws cov keeb kwm: lawv yuav tsum dawb thiab tsis puas. Tsis tas li ntawd, them rau lub Upper txiav ntawm seedling - yog hais tias lub seedling yog cus ciav thiab tshiab, ces tus txiav yuav ntsuab.
Tom qab yuav khoom, nws yuav tsum tau ceev cia nyob rau hauv ib lub damp thiab humid chav, thiab sai li sai tau ua ntej cog - nyob rau hauv dej thiab daws nrog ib stimulator ntawm paus tsim.
Thaum cog ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo seedling nyob rau hauv ib qhov, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob bury nws lub hauv paus caj dab thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account lub tob ntawm av subsidence. By khawb li cov txiv hmab, cov av ib ncig nws yog abundantly watered thiab mulched. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov kev txhawb nqa rau nws.
Rau reproduction ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb kom zoo npaj cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv kev, qhov graft rau grafting yuav tsum tsis txhob raug puas los yog qhuav, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm mus rau paus. Qhov muag siab ntawm ob lub qhov muag rau nws - 1-2. Qhov tsawg feem ntawm txiav ua ntej txiav yog txiav tawm ntawm ob sab kom thiaj li ua ib qho npoo.
Ntxiv thiab, nws xav tau kev pabcia lub hnub rau hauv dejthiaj li hais tias txiav txiav zoo moistened.
Yuav kom lub Tshuag yuav tsum npaj txhij rau grafting, thawj kauj ruam yog los tshem tawm cov qub Bush, tawm hauv nws tsuas yog ib tug ca txiav thiab 10 cm penechki. Qhov ntuag ntuag yog ua tib zoo ntxuav thiab ua kom luag. Raws nraim hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov Tshuag Koj yuav tsum tau ua ib qho kev cais. Nws qhov tob yuav tsum yog qhov pom tias qhov kev txiav yuav haum rau hauv.
Yog tias koj ua rau nws tob heev, koj tuaj yeem ua rau lub zeem muag khoom puas xwm yeem. Tom qab, cov quav yuav txo qis rau hauv qhov cais, nruj nreem clamped thiab coated nrog av nplaum. Tsis txhob hnov qab dej rau cov Tshuag thiab mulch cov av. Rau lub caij ntuj no, nco ntsoov npog.
Ib me ntsis txog kev saib xyuas ntawm cov txiv hmab "Ruslan"
- Watering yuav tsum tau ua ntej flowering thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm qhov tom ntej no sau. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub Bush yog watered ua ntej droughts.
- Nws yog tsim nyog los mulch cov av tom qab txhua watering - nws yog them nrog 3 centimeters ntawm sawdust los yog Moss.
- Subcortical txiv hmab txiv ntoo - lub ntsiab ntawm ib qho kev vam meej. Siv rau no raws li organics, thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv: nitrogen, poov tshuaj, phosphates.
- Thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub Bush "pw" nws xav tau kev txiav txhua txhua xyoo, tshem tawm txog li 10 buds on txhua shoot.
- Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los npog qhov no ntau yam rau lub caij ntuj no, tab sis nws yog pom zoo. Nco ntsoov nkaum tsuas yog seedlings.
- Txawm ua ntej flowering, txhua tus shrubs yog tiv thaiv los ntawm fungal kab mob.
