Grapes tau ntev ua cov cuab yeej ntawm tsis tsuas yog lub yav qab teb vineyards, tab sis kuj lub ntiag tug cov chaw ntawm heev txias sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia.
Tab sis muaj ntau tus xav tsis thoob tias muaj ntau hom natural origins uas tau nrhiav tau los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab tam sim no khwb siv nyob rau hauv chaw ua taus zes raws li kev hloov siab ntawm kev ua hauj siab.
Peb tab tom tham txog txiv hmab "Amur", uas yog ib feem ntawm feem ntau sab qaum teb ntau yam ntawm no zoo nkauj nroj tsuag.
Vim nws cov yeeb yam zoo, nws tau txais ib qho chaw tsim txiaj hauv qhov catalogue ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nws yog vim li no peb yuav qhia koj mus rau Amur txiv hmab hauv qhov no.
Secrets thiab virtues ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Amur": tag nrho txog qib
Qhov ntau yam yog nyob rau feem ntau cov laus, txij li thaum nws tsis muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev thaum nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub forests ntawm Amur cheeb tsam. Txawm tias nws ntev keeb kwm, lub Amursky grape qhia zoo heev adaptability nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub kev nyab xeeb ntawm ntau thaj tsam ntawm Russia. Nyob hauv cov xwm txheej, nws tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nyob qhov twg, thiab nyob hauv tej yam ntuj tso, nws tuaj yeem ua yam tsis zoo thiab ib vine tau rub tawm nrog kev txhawb nqa txog 30 meters ntawm qhov ntev.
Lawm, qhov no kuj hais ntawm tus extraordinary yield nrog uas ntau yam muaj peev xwm thov. Los ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo dhau los, qhov no txiv hmab txiv ntoo qus ua lub hauv paus rau kev xaiv ntawm ntau lub hybrids, uas hnub no txaus siab rau ib qhov chaw siab: ntau yam "Northern" thiab "Dawn of the North", "Talisman", "Skiff", "Triumph".
Yam ntxwv ntawm pawg txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Amur"
Daim ntawv niaj zaus ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov txiv hmab yog cylindrical los yog cylindrical. Lub berries tsis tightly teem on nws, vim hais tias ntawm pawg yog xoob nyob rau hauv cov qauv. Qhov ntev ntawm ib pawg ntawm nruab nrab yuav ua tau los ntawm 10 mus rau 15 centimeters. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm berries thiab pawg yog me me.
Qhov no grape yuav qhia tau los ntawm cov xim dub ntawm berries, uas tseem muaj ib tug xuav Bloom. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog feem ntau heev tuab, ua nws haum rau kev thauj mus los. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, ib puag ncig Berry yog txog 1.5 centimeters.
Cov nqaij ntawm berries yog lub teeb thiab heev muaj kua. Lub saj ntawm grapes "Amur" yooj yim, yuav ua tau ob qho tib si qaub thiab Sweet, nyob ntawm seb tus mob ntawm ripening. Grape bunches ntawm no ntau yam yog siv ob qho tib si rau tshiab tau noj thiab rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm theem muag khoom: juices, compote thiab cawu cub, zoo li rau ziab. Nws yog feem ntau siv los ua vinegar los yog tartaric acid.
Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no yeej tsis tau zus rau ntawm qhov kev lag luam (rau lub hom phiaj no, nws cov hybrids zoo tshaj li cov qoob loo), nws cov noob raug siv los ua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo roj thiab kas fes.
Amur Grape Yield Volumes thiab Sau Cov Lus Cog Tseg
Qhov no grape belongs rau ntau yam ntawm nruab nrab lub sij hawm ntawm ripening, uas yog tsis xav tsis thoob rau thaj av ntuj ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Flowering nyob rau hauv ib tug grape Bush yog tshaj, txij li thaum, ntawm tag nrho nws cov tua, txog 80% yog fruitful. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, vim yog lub me me ntawm pawg, los ntawm 1 mus rau 3 muaj peev xwm rau ib qho kev tua. los ntawm ib hectare ntawm grape plantations ntawm no ntau yam, koj muaj peev xwm sau los ntawm 60 mus rau 80 centners ntawm ib tug zoo-tau loj hlob qoob loo.
Yuav kom sau tau hauv cheeb tsam Amur, koj tuaj yeem pib ua ntej ib nrab lossis nruab nrab lub Cuaj Hli.
Yog hais tias koj loj hlob Amur txiv hmab txiv ntoo raws li lub tsev qoob loo, txiav thiab tsim ib tug Bush nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm, lub ripening ntawm qoob loo tej zaum yuav tshwm sim ib me ntsis ntxov, vim hais tias pawg yuav tau txais ntau tshaj cua kub thiab tshav ntuj.
Nta thiab zoo zoo ntawm grapes "Amur"
- Qhov ntau yam yog suab tsis ntshai ntawm Frost. Txawm tias kub tau -40 ° C ntawm ib tsob ntoo txiv hmab tsis pom kev puas tsuaj txhua. Vim li no, cov txiv hmab yog siv rau kev yug me nyuam thiab ua hauj lwm ua ib qho pub dawb ntawm qhov no.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm yog tus sau tsis ntshai ntawm Autumn frosts, ntawm uas nws saj tau tsuas yog sawv, ua lub berries ntau Sweet.
- Lesions ntawm feem ntau cov pests thiab cov kab mob ntawm vineyards twb suab tsis pom. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hais meej txog qhov tsis kam ntawm cov txiv hmab mus rau mildew.
- Lub ripening ntawm Amursky grape sau yog sai sai, uas tso cai rau nws yuav tsum tau tua ua ntej qhov pib ntawm txias thiab Frost.
- Siab tawm los thiab thoob plaws siv ntawm grapes.
- Kev tsim nyog ntawm txiv hmab thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau kev thauj mus los.
- Kev loj hlob zoo ntawm grape Bush, uas nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog li niaj zaus yug me nyuam ntau yam yuav hu ua ib tug loj heev. Lub tiav lawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm vine yuav ua tau txog 2.5 meters.
- Lub Bush dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo thiab tolerates pruning yam uas tsis muaj teeb meem.
- Nrog rau transplant txiv hmab, nws muaj peev xwm coj cov hauv paus sai heev thiab kev nraaj thiab hloov kho rau kev mob tshiab.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev xaiv ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab ntau yam.
- Siv cov kev txhawb zog thiab kev sib npaug ntawm kev sib koom tes, tsim kom muaj kev muaj sia nyob.
Disadvantages ntau yam: dab tsi nyuaj yuav ua rau cultivation ntawm grapes "Amur"
- Tsis tshua muaj cov voos voos voos tsoo ua rau muaj teeb meem thaum harvesting. Vim li no, feem ntau ntawm cov pawg ua nyob tsis khov kho.
- Yuav kom nce qhov loj thiab zoo ntawm qoob loo lub Bush yuav tsum tau tsis tu ncua thiab muaj zog pruning, uas yuav yuam kom koj mus ua hauj lwm heev zog.
- Gourmet berries yuav tsis impress nrog lawv saj, uas, txawm li cas los, yuav compensate rau sab nraud attractiveness ntawm grape Bush.
Dab tsi yog tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv cog grapes "Amur": tag nrho cov cai thiab theem
Cov txiv hmab "Amur" tuaj yeem raug ntau yam, xws li:
- Cog ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog varietal noob.
- Siv rau cog grapes "Amur" ceg ntawm lwm Bush ntawm tib yam ntau.
- Grafting cuttings ntawm ib tug varietal shrub rau ib tug Tshuag ntawm lwm yam ntau yam.
Vim qhov zoo heev ciaj ntawm no ntau yam nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob climatic thiab nws zoo viability, cog grapes on koj lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis zoo li rau lwm yam ntau yam, Amursky grapes yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws cog rau hauv qhov chaw zoo. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom sai ripening ntawm qoob loo thiab zoo dua ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm grape Bush.
Grapes yog undesirable drafts thiab txias sab qaum teb cua, uas muaj peev xwm adversely muaj feem xyuam rau flowering, txiav tawm inflorescences thiab tawm koj tsis muaj sau.Tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev loj hlob sai ntawm vine, yog li ua ntej cog nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau npaj tshwj xeeb kev txhawb nqa rau pab Iav lub vine.
Yuav ua li cas lub sij hawm zoo tshaj plaws xaiv rau cog grapes "Amur"
Cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau yam ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb txoj kev cog qoob uas koj xaiv. Rau cov qoob loo cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom zoo dua xaiv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Lub sij hawm no yog heev sov rau germination thiab rooting, thiab yuav muaj ib tug tag nrho lub caij ua ntej rau kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshiab Bush. Yog li, lub grapes cog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav yuav muaj lub sij hawm kom tau zoo thiab nce lub zog ua ntej qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no frosts. Ob lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg yog tsim rau kev txhaj tshuaj.
Qhov txawv yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg grafting lub Tshuag yuav tsum tau kom zoo zoo them thiab ua txhua yam ua tau kom nws retains kom txog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ib tug txaus tus nqi ntawm noo noo uas kom nws tseem ceeb ua si.
Noob ntawm no grape yog zoo tshaj plaws xa mus rau hauv av nyob rau hauv Autumn, tom qab harvesting. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, lawv tuaj yeem raug sown, tab sis ua ntej xa lawv mus rau hauv av, nws yuav tsum tau soak lub noob nyob rau hauv dej thiab nqa tawm ntau lwm yam kev tswj, uas yuav tau piav qhia ntau dua hauv qab no.
Txoj kev ntawm tso ib tug vineyard: av xaiv, cog scheme
Loj zoo txiv hmab "Amur" yog tias nws muab cov khoom txig txuam nrog ntau hom xau. Ntawm chav kawm, hais tias Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau cov av nrog ib tug zoo kua system thiab nrog ib tug nruab nrab theem ntawm acidity. Tab sis, tis ntawm qhov no, qis dua cov nqi tau raug cai thaum cog cov txiv hmab qoob loo ntawm humus thiab limestone, ntawm cov xau nrog qhov ze ze tshwm ntawm av.
Thaum npaj qhov rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub hlwb nco tias qhov deb ntawm bushes yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 1 meter, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav cuam tshuam nrog txhua lwm yam. Cov kws txawj kuj qhia tau hais tias kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov txiv hmab hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov uas tsis tsim nyog. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tau sai heev thiab ntseeg tau braid ib tsob ntoo, "choking" nws thiab zoo txo cov tawm los.
Cov theem ntawm sowing thiab cog seedlings ntawm grapes "Amur"
Los npaj lub noob ntawm grapes "Amur" yuav tsum tau pib los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, tom qab sau. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv av, muab tso rau ntawm ib lub tob ntawm txog 2.5 centimeters. Tom qab ntawd, cia li tos rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab kev sib sau ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo seedlings.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab xa lawv thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ces cov noob yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv dej rau ib hnub thiab tom qab lub sij hawm no, muab cov xuab zeb sib xyaw thiab tawm hauv ib lub thawv (muab tso rau hauv hnab yas). Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom khaws txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw txias, qhov twg qhov kub yuav tsum tas li ntawm + 4 ° C.
Thiaj li rau cov noob mus rau germinate, txawm ua ntej lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav txoj kev mus, lawv tau muab pov rau hauv huam thiab khaws cia hauv ib chav nyob ntawm qhov kub txog yam tsawg + 20 ° C. Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Autumn sowing, peb tos rau noob mus rau germinate thiab sim ua tib zoo thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas ntawm seedlings, thiab lwm yam sab hauv nroj tsuag.
Cog cog qoob loo yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog nrog rau tuaj txog ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, vim hais tias tsuas yog los ntawm lub sij hawm no lawv yuav muaj zog txaus thiab yuav haum rau qhov no. Kev tsaws yuav tsum nqa tawm raws li hauv qab no:
- Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, peb npaj qhov aub tsiv nrog qhov ntev 0.5 x 0.5.5 hli. 6 meters. Rau zoo kua hauv nws qab yog mus ncuav ib txheej ntawm gravel, qhov zoo tuab ntawm uas yuav tsum tau txog 10-15 centimeters. Ib tug sib tov ntawm fertile av thiab cov organic chiv yog poured tshaj lub rubble. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom cog ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo seedling ncaj qha mus rau hauv chiv, txij thaum nws muaj peev xwm yuav burnt. Yog li ntawd, lwm txheej ntawm av yooj yim yog piled on to top ntawm fertilizer.
- Hauv paus system ntawm seedling ua ntej cog yuav tsum tau muab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws uas tau tsim rooting. Tom qab ntawd, nws muab tso rau hauv lub qhov taub thiab ua tib zoo ntog pw tsaug zog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias nws lub hauv paus caj dab yog tsis them nrog av.
- Tom qab cog, lub seedling yuav tsum tau generously watered (siv txog 30-40 liv dej) thiab mulch cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Peat los yog ntoo thooj ntoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv ua mulch.
Nta grafting cuttings grapes "Amur"
Lub stalk thiab Tshuag uas koj npaj yuav cog nws, nco ntsoov ua ntej npaj. Cuttings feem ntau yog harvested nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab khaws cia kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav muab tso rau hauv cov xuab zeb nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw txias. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv muaj waxed thiab khib nyiab (tsuas yog qis dua, thiaj li yuav tau ntub kom zoo dua rooting ntawm txiav rau Tshuag). Qhov qis ntawm qhov txiav, thiab raws li lub yub, yog khaws cia rau ob peb hnub nyob rau hauv dej thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb paus-forming daws ua ntej grafting.
Kev npaj ntawm Tshuag:
- Tshem cov yawg qub.
- Tshem tawm qhov kev txiav.
- Split Tshuag rau cuttings.
Nws yog precisely nyob rau hauv lub cais ntawm Tshuag uas soj caum yog muab tso rau, khov kho nruj nrog ib co ruaj khov los yog qaum. Yog hais tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau lub caij ntuj no, ces qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau them nrog ntub av nplaum, yog li ntawd ntau npaum li dej ntws raws li qhov ua tau khaws cia rau hauv nws thiab nws tsis qhuav tawm rau lub caij ntuj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum tau them, uas yuav tau muab tham qhia ntxiv hauv qab no.
Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau paub txog kev luam ntawm cov txiv hmab "Amur" abstraction?
Hom no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, tab sis nws muaj qee cov nuances. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug Bush ntawm uas, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, koj muaj peev xwm ua rau ib tug tshem. Tom ntej no, ntawm tua xaiv muaj zog thiab ze tshaj plaws rau hauv av khiav dim. Nws khoov mus rau hauv av thiab ntog pw tsaug zog nrog ib tug tuab txheej ntawm av. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov av zoo heev zoo, vim qhov no yog dab tsi yuav ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub Tshuag.
Nws tseem yog nyiam kom nyeem txog cov txiv hmab thaum ntxov
Yuav ua li cas kom khaws thiab nce lub tawm los ntawm grapes: cov cai rau kev saib xyuas ntawm grape Bush tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig
- Irrigation ntawm grapes "Amur" yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog thiab tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog, thaum nws lub hauv paus system tsuas yog tsim. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub ntxhais hluas grapes yog ntshai ntawm droughts, uas muaj peev xwm heev rau lub tawm los. Nrog lub hnub nyoog ntawm Bush thiab nrog nce nyob rau hauv nws tagnrho, lub tsis kam mus rau droughts nce significantly, tab sis nws yog zoo dua tsis txhob tso cai thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav watering.
- Tom qab watering cov av ib ncig ntawm lub vine nws yog tsim nyog los ua txhaum lub mulch. Nws yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau kom preservation ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv cov av, tab sis kuj thaum lub sij hawm lub peeling yuav pub lub grapes nrog muab kev pab cuam. Qhov siab tshaj mulch txheej rau grapes yog 3-5 centimeters.
- Qhov ntau yam yog ib qho ntawm ob peb tias txawm nyob rau hauv feem ntau qhov loj tshaj winters tsis yuav tsum tshwj xeeb vaj tse. Qhov no yog vim nws siab heev tsis kam mus rau Frost. Tab sis, tsis yog tag nrho cov nyob rau ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog, tsuas yog tom qab cog lub vine tsis boast xws li ib tug yam ntxwv, yog li ntawd nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npog nws. Ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab ib lub caij nplooj zeeg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws them rau siv cov dej yoojyim yooj yim los yog ib tus ntoo tsis muaj ib hnub twg. Muaj tsim lawv saum peb cov txiv hmab, peb tuaj yeem ua kom tiav nrog av thiab tawm mus rau lub caij ntuj no. Hauv kev txiav txim siab tias zoo li no tus qauv tsis poob lawm ntev, nws tuaj yeem muaj zog nrog cib los yog cov laug cam.
- Yog tsis muaj pruning, no grape yuav sai sai los ntawm ib tug varietal nroj rau hauv ib ornamental. Tom qab tag nrho, pruning tsis tsuas pub koj mus rau ib tug Bush, tab sis kuj muaj ib tug zoo zoo rau nce nyob rau hauv qhov volume thiab zoo ntawm grapes.
- Tab sis rau fertilize grapes "Amur" yog suab tsis tsim nyog. Nws yuav ua tau txaus rau mulch thiab tsawg daim ntawv thov ntawm pob zeb hauv av chiv muaj
- poov tshuaj thiab phosphorus.
- Nrog rau tsis txaus lub teeb thiab muaj zog thickening ntawm Bush, nws tsis kam mus rau pests thiab fungal kab mob yog significantly txo. Yog li ntawd, ib qho ntawm txoj kev nrog lawv yog pruning thiab qhov tseeb txwm ntawm cog grapes. Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm xws li cov kab mob, ob zaug ua ntej flowering ntawm Bush thiab ib zaug thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm bunches ntawm grapes, Txau yog nqa tawm nrog tshwj xeeb npaj, uas yog dav sawv cev nyob rau hauv khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb.
