Lub grape yog ib tug heev pab tau thiab six Berry.
Ntxiv mus, ntawm nws ntau yam koj yuav nrhiav tau ntau yam ntawm tsis tsuas tastes, tab sis kuj muaj ntau thiab tsawg, nrhiav thiab xim.
Tab sis rau ntau winegrowers, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub sij hawm ripening ntawm grapes.
Qhov zoo tshaj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev nyab xeeb txias, qhov twg tom qab ntau hom yuav tsis muaj sij hawm los paub tab.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum saum toj kawg nkaus-qib ntau yam, uas yog lub txiv hmab "Libya".
Tom qab tag nrho, no hybrid ntau yam tsis tsuas yog ib qho zoo dua nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm ripening, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv nws high tsis kam mus rau tus kab mob kev puas tsuaj.
Yog li ntawd, loj hlob xws li grapes yog yooj yim. Cov lus qhia txog nws hauv qab no.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov nta ntawm ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Libya"
Qhov no ntau yam yog heev cov tub ntxhais hluas. Nyob rau hauv lub register ntawm grape ntau yam ntawm Ukraine grape "Libya" tshwm los ntawm tsuas yog pib ntawm 2011. Nws tau txais raws li ib tug ntawm kev hla ntawm xws li grape ntau yam raws li "Flamingo" thiab "Arcadia" los ntawm kev soj ntsuam V.V. Zagorulko. Tau txais nws cov koob meej vim qhov loj loj ntawm cov txiv hmab thiab berries.
Distinctive yam ntxwv ntawm pawg ntawm txiv hmab "Libya"
Tej pawg ntawm cov txiv hmab "Libya" mas feem ntau kuj loj thiab loj heev nyob rau hauv ntev. Nrog lawv yuag los ntawm 600 grams mus rau 1 kilogram, qhov ntev ntawm ib pawg tuaj yeem yog kwv yees li 25 centimeters thiab ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv cov duab, lub pawg ntawm no grape yog cylindric, tab sis feem ntau lawv yeej shapeless thiab branchy. Tsis ntom tso chaw ntawm berries nyob rau hauv pawg ua nws medium-friable. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov yam ntxwv tsis txo cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm lwm pawg ntawm cov txiv hmab "Libby".
Lub Berry ntawm no grape kuj muaj ib tug loj loj. Nrog nws cov oval los yog ovoid duab, qhov siab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov nruab nrab 2.8 centimeters, thiab nruab nrab qhov dav yog 1.8-2 centimeters. Qhov nruab nrab hnyav ntawm ib tug txiv hmab "Libya" yog 11-13 gramsuas yog qhov zoo nkauj ntau heev rau cov nroj tsuag no. Raws li cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov no ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog liab. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog tias nws yog qhov muag tsis pom mos nrog cov txiv hmab no thiab thaum noj xwb nws qhov mob siab.
Raws li rau pulp ntawm Berry, nws yog nyob rau hauv grapes "Libya" muaj ib tug fleshy qauv. Lub pulp muaj ib tug heev loj npaum li cas ntawm kua txiv, rau uas no grape yog muaj nuj nqis. Lub saj zoo ntawm grapes yog tsuas zoo heev: lawv ua ke lub qab ntxiag grapes tsos thiab muag heev aroma ntawm muscat.
Saj thiab tsw yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv grapes unchanged thoob plaws hauv lub hlis ntawm cia.
Raws li rau cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pulp, nws muaj ib theem siab ntawm sugars - txog 17-18%. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub acidity ntawm ib liter ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo kua txiv ntawm piav ntau yam yog tsuas yog los ntawm 5 mus rau 9 grams. Cov noob nyob rau hauv cov Berry yog tsuas yog 1-3, vim lub peev xwm yooj yim mus cais los ntawm pulp, lawv suab tsis complicate txoj kev ntawm noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm no grape yog ntawm chav kawm rooj. Lawv siv feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, vim hais tias ntau yam tsis yog transportable. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog grown txawm nyob rau hauv industrial vineyards thiab yog dav siv rau qhuav ntawm grapes. Rau qhov muag ntawm ntau yam nws tseem yog txaus nyiam heev vim nws zoo nkauj tsos, tab sis, vim yog lub txee luv luv, qhov kev taw qhia no rau ntau yam tsis yog pheej.
Ob peb lo lus hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ripening thiab cov theem ntawm sau ntawm txiv hmab "Libya"
Tus nqi ntawm cov piav qhia ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj yog nyob rau hauv nws cov high thiab ruaj loo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thawj bunches ntawm grapes tshwm rau ntawm Bush "Libya" nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoo tom qab nws tsaws nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw mus tas li. Lub ripening ntawm grapes yog tsis tshua muaj kev ruaj ntseg txij thaum nws los 105-110 hnub tom qab nkag ntawm Bush thaum lub sij hawm vegetative lub sij hawm. Sau ripening yog cim nrog ib tug tag nrho load on grapevine. Yog hais tias Bush yog overloaded - tsuas yog 70-80 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov qoob loo yuav loj hlob.
Xws li ib tug high tawm los ntawm no ntau yam yog ua tau vim lub loj thiab muaj zog Bush, uas nws yuav boast. Hauv particular, nws tau rub tawm tawm siab mus rau saum yog tias nws tsis raug txiav. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev tua nyuj. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg kom zoo dua ntawm ntau yam, uas yog kev muaj peev xwm rau tus kheej-pollinated. Yog li, lub grapes "Libya" yog zoo haum rau ib tsob nroj.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm grapes "Libya" - rau uas ntau yam yog qhuas
Undoubtedly, lub ntsiab ntsuas tom qab uas no ntau yam yog xaiv los ntawm ntau rau cog on lawv tus kheej av yog unsurpassed pawg thiab zoo heev berries nyob rau hauv saj. Tab sis kuj muaj ntau cov txiaj ntsig zoo:
- Qhov ntau yam yog heev frost resistant. Cov ntoo ntawm vine yog tsis puas txawm tias thaum kub tee rau -21ºС, tab sis nyob rau hauv colder climatic tej yam kev mob, lub vine yuav tsum tau them rau lub caij ntuj no.
- Grapes "Libya" muaj ib tug siab tsis kam mus rau xws li cov kab mob ntawm vineyards raws li mildew.
- Zoo heev teb rau txoj kev saib xyuas thiab pub mis, zoo siab nrog cov qoob loo zoo.
- Super thaum ntxov ripening ntawm grapes.
Cons thiab cov cwj pwm txawv ntau "Libya"
Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias, feem ntau, qhov no muaj ntau yam zoo nkauj tsos vim nws cov xim liab txawv txawv, nws yeej tsis tau txais cov xim uas tau hais los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob. Dhau li ntawm kuj grapes "Livia" ua ntej hmoov nplej lwg tsis txausuas yuav tsum tau kho nrog kev npaj tshwj xeeb.
Cog txiv hmab "Libya" - yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob ib tug zoo thiab fruiting shrub?
Nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm cog, no grape ntau yam tsis muaj kev sib txawv thiab kev cai, uas xyov txawv ntawm cov feem ntau txais. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub grapes tig tawm zoo tiag tiag thiab fruitful, muaj ntau ntawm nuances rau xav txog.
Yuav ua li cas cog grapes "Libya" - sapling los yog grafting?
Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub hom ntawm tsaws tsis txawv. Txawm hais tias, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub muaj cov zoo:
- Tsaug cog grape cuttings on lawv tus kheej keeb kwm Koj muaj peev xwm ncav tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo txiv hmab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, xws li ib tug cog cim richer saj ntawm grapes.
- Nrog grafting grape "Libya" nyob rau Tshuag ntawm ib tug laus vineyard koj tuaj yeem ua tiav nkag ntawm lub vine rau hauv fruiting. Ntxiv mus, thawj xyoo ntawm fruiting yuav txawv los ntawm ntau dua yields, piv rau seedlings cog nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo.
Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ib tug heev lub luag hauj lwm yuav tsum tau mus rau lub teeb meem ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau cog. Txwv tsis pub, lub txiav tej zaum yuav tsis siv paus rau tag nrho thiab koj yuav tsum sab laug yam tsis muaj grapes. Nyob rau hauv kev, raws li ib tug txiav rau cog on nws keeb kwm, thiab rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, yuav tsum muaj 2-3 peepholes. Rau cog grapes los ntawm sapling, lub txiav yuav tsum muaj zoo keeb kwm los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cog.
Tshwj xeeb attentive mus rau lub keeb kwm yuav tsum yog thaum koj tau txais ib tug seedling. Lawv yuav tsum dawb, tsis muaj frostbite, kev puas tsuaj thiab tsis qhuav. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev txiav ntawm lub seedling yuav tsum ntsuab, uas yuav kuj qhia nws zoo lub peev xwm nyob rau hauv paus ntawm lub tsaws qhov chaw. Ua ntej cog, lub seedling yuav tsum zoo soaked nyob rau hauv dej.
Nws cov hauv paus system yuav kho nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb lub cuab tam uas muaj peev xwm tsim tawm paus kev loj hlob. Ua ntej yuav tsaws ncaj qha cov tswv yim ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm grape seedling yog pom zoo kom txiav ib tug me ntsissiv ib tug ntse heev riam (pruner).
Kev npaj ntawm graft rau grafting kuj yog heev lub sij hawm-siv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txiav nws kom zoo thiab zoo. Tsuas yog nws qhov qis dua yog clipped, cia li qis dua tus neeg peephole. Nws yog tsim nyog los txiav nws nrog ib tug wedge on ob sab. Los ntawm lwm ob qho kev tsis ua kev cai, lub npe "lub tsho khuam taub hau" yuav tsum nyob twj ywm. Lub sab saud, tsis yog lub qhov cuab yeej tsawg yog pom zoo rau siv quav ciab.
Qhov no yog ua kom lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiaj li khaws tau cov dej noo zoo dua thiab ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab nraud ntxiv. Txoj kev no yog ua tiav sai heev, tsuas yog los ntawm kev txo cov txiav hauv cov dej khov hauv dej. Tom qab ntawd, cov quav yuav tsum ceev ceev hauv dej.
Qhov tsawg feem ntawm txiav, mus tsim tawm rooting, nws yog pom zoo kom muab tso ua ntej grafting rau hauv dej. Kuj, nws muaj peev xwm kho nrog ib tug daws stimulating kev loj hlob ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tshuaj, raws li nws yog ua nrog ib tug seedling.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw, av thiab lub sij hawm zoo ntawm lub xyoo rau cog grapes
- Qhov chaw rau cog grapevine yuav tsum tau zoo zes los ntawm lub hnub. Yog li, muab qhov kev xav tau rau cov nroj tsuag "Libby" vertically upwards, nws yog qhov zoo dua cog lawv nyob sab qab teb ntawm lub tsev cov tsev. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov dej ntws rov qab, lawv yuav tseem ua hauj lwm los ntawm cov cua txias ntawm sab qaum teb.
- Xaiv ib qho zoo av rau grapes "Libya" tsis nyuaj, vim hais tias qhov no grape yog tsis tshwj xeeb yog capricious. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov av tsis zoo yuav ua rau cov dej haus tsis tu ncua. Zoo loamy av thiab chernozem, nrog muaj kua zoo thiab nqus dej hauv av zoo tsim nyog.
- Nroj grapes zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Txawm li ntawd los, rau qhov grafting on lub Tshuag ntawm grape cuttings, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub caij kuj yog zoo meej.
Cog Tsob Ntoo Grapes - Cov Tswv Yim Saum Toj
Npaj seedlings yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv ib qho chaw npaj. Nyob rau hauv kev, tau khwv nws ob peb zaug ntau tshaj qhov keeb kwm ntawm ib tug seedling, ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm nws qhov chaw xav tau kev tau sau nrog humus. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tov lub humus nrog fertile av, thiab tom qab sau no sib tov rau hauv aub tsiv, los npog qhov fertilizer nrog rau lwm txheej ntawm av tab sis tsis muaj chiv (tsis yog muaj ib qho kev txaus ntshai ntawm burning lub keeb kwm ntawm grapes).
Tom ntej, noj lub seedling nws tus kheej thiab poob nws mus rau hauv aub tsiv, tawm hauv paus caj dab nyob rau saum npoo. Bury nws heev kom zoo zoo vim lub fragility ntawm keeb kwm. Tom qab ntawd, tom ntej no mus rau ntawm sapling, qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm nws sab qaum teb, nws yog qhov pom zoo kom khawb hauv kev them nyiaj yug, uas nws yuav so thaum loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab cog, lub grape seedling yog plentifully watered nrog 3 thoob dej.
Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau paub txog qhov tseeb grafting ntawm grapes "Libya"
Tom qab kev npaj ntawm txiav rau grafting, koj yuav tsum pib npaj lub Tshuag. Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov qub txiv hmab txiv ntoo Bush, tawm tsuas yog penechek 8-10 centimeters saum toj no cov av saum npoo. Qhov thib ob, kev txiav tawm tau pom zoo kom ua tib zoo ntxuav cov serrations thiab lwm yam tsis raug cai kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob.
Lub plab thiab tus nplaig ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo so los so ntawm cov khib nyiab uas muaj cov ntxhib ntxaum thiab ua tib zoo phom txoj cai nyob nruab nrab. Lub cais yuav tsis tob, nws tsuas muaj kom haum lub txiav (zoo, los yog ob peb cuttings, yog hais tias qhov loj ntawm lub rootstock tso cai rau nws).
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub stalk yuav tsum tau txo qis rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cais ntawm lub pob tw nrog lub tsho thiab feem ntau nruj rub tawm ntawm lub qia. Rau qhov zawm thiab txav ib lub nrig, nws pom zoo kom siv cov ntaub ntev uas yuav ua rau nws lub cev tau ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv pom zoo kom ntub nrog av nplaum, uas yuav ua rau kom tuav ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv rootstock.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog kev saib xyuas ntawm cov txiv hmab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg.
Kev tu ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Libya": txoj kev nce cov qoob loo
Rau cov yields yuav tsum tau xwm yeem siab, txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li "Libya" raws li kev tsim txuj ci tsim kab ke yuav tsum tau tu thiab tu ncua. Ib tug txawv tshwj xeeb ntawm no ntau yam yog tias grapes yog feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm lub grape Bush. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thaum lub sij hawm ripening ntawm pawg, nws tsis yog tsim nyog los rhuav tawm nplooj saum toj no lawv, tab sis nws yog ntseeg tau pom zoo kom ua no rau lwm yam ntau yam. Xav txog lwm yam kev kho mob.
- Lub grapes loj hlob zoo dua on zoo-moistened xau, tab sis nws yog heev txaus ntshai mus rau overdo nws nrog watering. Optimally dej lub grapes tsuas yog ob zaug rau ib lub caij.: ua ntej thiab tom qab lub flowering ntawm vine. Watering yog nce nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm droughts. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account uas nrog Sudden drops ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv cov av grapes tau tawg.
- Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub vineyard yog heev tseem ceeb heev rau txheej txheem thiab mulch. Tom qab tag nrho, lub mulch tsis tsuas yog tau khaws ntub dej nyob rau hauv cov av thiab ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm txias thiab txias huab cua, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm tu lub grapes. Tom qab tag nrho, mulch vineyards yog siv los rau tawv ncauj humus, uas yog hlua rau ntawm cov av nto nrog ib txheej ntawm 3 centimeters. Nws yog pom zoo rau mulch cov av tsuas yog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn.
- Ntxiv nrog rau pub cov grapes nrog cov organic chiv uas yog thov mus rau cov av los ntawm mulching, Qhov no nroj tsuag kuj teb zoo mus rau pob zeb hauv av chiv.. Nyob rau hauv kev, grapes muaj ib tug kuj zoo kawg thiab xav tau rau chiv, uas muaj poov tshuaj thiab phosphorus. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus thov fertilizer nyob rau hauv lig heev Autumn, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm thaum lub Bush yog twb pw tsaug zog thiab cov av yog tsis tau xa lawv mus rau lub keeb kwm ntxov tshaj los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
- Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub grapes los yeej dhau zoo thiab tsis raug puas tsuaj los ntawm Frost, nws yuav tsum tau them rau lub caij ntuj no. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau ntau yam "Livia", txij li lub Upper plank, nyob rau ntawm no grape tsis puas, tsuas yog -21ºС. Los npog lub Bush tag, nws yuav tsum tau zoo heev txiav thiab lowered rau hauv av. Koj tuaj yeem npog nrog av, quav nyab thiab kos duab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum vov tsuas yog cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Rau qhov no loj heev laus lauj kaub los yog tub, nyob rau hauv lub qab yog ploj lawm, yuav pab zoo heev. Muab nws nyob ze lub seedling thiab them nrog av, koj muaj peev xwm zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv nws los ntawm Frost.
- Pruning txiv quav ntswv nyoos yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom zoo zoo. Rau Livia, luv trimming ntawm tsuas yog 2-6 lub qhov muag yog xam tau txais. Thaum twg ua ib tug Bush, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tawm 3-4 lub caj npab tseem ceeb, uas tseem yuav tsum tau kom shortened txhua txhua lub caij nplooj zeeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau tswj kev sau los ntawm kev rho tawm ntau ovaries. Tom qab tag nrho, thaum overloading Bush, lub grapes yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ripen zoo.
- Ntau yam "Livia" muaj peev xwm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ib tug kab mob xws li hmoov nplej lwg. Yuav kom zoo txeeb nws, kev paub txog cov tswv teb tau pom zoo li niaj zaus tiv thaiv Txau ntawm grape Bush. Pom zoo pes tsawg tus sprays rau ib lub caij - 2: ib tug yog nqa tawm ua ntej flowering, ob - tom qab. Ua hauj lwm grapes fungicides.
