Hazel ntau tus neeg suav hais tias yog ib tsob ntoo uas tsis meej pem, nyob puag ncig cov lus dab neeg, cov lus dab neeg thiab cov kev ntseegthiab Piv txwv li, Cov Slavs suav tias cog nroj tsuag kom dawb huv thiab dawb ceev, yog li ntawd thaum lub sijhawm lawv tau khiav nkaum hauv qab, nres cov ceg siv thiab siv lawv mus rau qhov chaw uas lawv xav kom tiv thaiv ntawm hluav taws xob. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws no tsob ntoo thiab yuav ua li cas loj hlob nws nyob rau hauv lub tsev, peb piav qhia hauv qab no.
Hazel (Hazelnut): Kev piav qhia ntawm Hazel
Hazel, los yog cua sov - nws yog ib tug deciduous ntoo (shrub) ntawm Birch tsev neeg, loj hlob mus rau 10 meters. Nws muaj ib lub qe-puab, qaum los yog kheej kheej. Lub bark ntawm tsob ntoo yog grey-xim av, dissected los ntawm transverse kab txaij. Lub hauv paus system yog haib, superficial. Hazel nplooj yog dull, tsaus ntsuab, taw, npawv, ovate.
Koj puas paub? Cov neeg hu xov tooj cua hazelnut los yog ib lub noob, thiab hazelnuts ntau nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai yog ib qho txawv nroj tsuag. Hazelnuts thiab cua - txheeb cov ntoo, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tib tsev neeg.
Hazelnut blossom (los yog raws li nws tseem hu ua "hazelnuts") pib nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav (Lub peb hlis ntuj-Plaub Hlis), txawm ua ntej nplooj nplooj Bloom. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm golden qhwv tshwm rau ntawm tsob ntoo. Vim hais tias hazel hais txog monoecious nroj tsuag, ob qho tib si catkins thiab pistillate paj yog nyob rau tib tsob ntoo los yog shrub. Hazel paj muaj forked stamens. Hazel pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv xyoo xya lossis yim xyoo ntawm lub neej thiab ua rau txhua txhua xyoo. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog me me (2 cm), sawv cev los ntawm oval los yog spherical ceev nrog rau hauv lub teeb ntsuab plyus. Txhua lub qia muaj peev xwm muaj txog 30 txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis nws feem ntau pom muaj 3-4. Ntsuas lub yim hli ntuj. Hazel tsob ntoo tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov noob, lossis cov cag ntoo.
Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau tshaj 100 ntau yam ntawm hazelnuts, feem nrov ntawm uas yog Panahesky. Nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj qab ntxiag saj thiab yog cov ua cim los ntawm cov rog muaj roj (62-65%). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no ntau yam muab ib qho khoom plig txaus txhua txhua xyoo thiab tsis xav tau pollination.
Hazel nyob hauv lub nraub qaum, muaj zog thiab sib xyaw hav zoov, thiab nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj cov pa phem tshwm tuaj, nws tuaj yeem thickets, ua kom loj hlob zoo rau ntawm cuttings thiab pastures. Dav dav muag rau hauv Caucasus, Middle East thiab nyob sab Europe. Nws prefers tshiab, fertile thiab moist av, yog li ntawd, nws feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv qab ntawm ravines, along dej ntws, ntws, nyob rau hauv steppe thiab hav zoov-steppe. On neeg pluag, marshy, acidic, peat xau xyaum tsis loj hlob.
Txawm li ntawd los, cov cua thiab noj qab haus huv yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hav zoov - qhov no tsob ntoo tau cog rau ntev. Hazel sau yog heev tau txais on lub backyards, yog tias koj paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab cultivation ntawm no nroj tsuag.
Qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw cog ntoo Hazel
Ntau yam ntawm cov qauv cog tau muaj ntau cov ntawv thiab interspecific hybrids ntawm ntau hom hazelnut, Pontic, ntau nplooj thiab loj. Northeastern, sab qaum teb, qaum teb ntawm qhov chaw qis qis qis tshaj yog qhov chaw cog qoob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua, vim nws yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj kev hloov hauv txhua hnub kub tsawg dua, thiab qhov ntawd, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kub nyhiab thiab frostbite qis dua.
Koj puas paub? Hazelnut ntses muaj txog li 60% rog, 18% cov protein, cov vitamins, macro-thiab micronutrients, thiab vim lawv qhov qub saj, lawv tau siv rau hauv cov zaub mov ua noj.
Xaiv ib qhov chaw tsaws chaw: yuav tsum teeb pom kev zoo li cas
Hazel ntoo -tNws yog ib tsob ntoo thiab tsis nyiam tshav ntuj, tab sis nrog lub zog tsaus nti nws tuaj yeem tsim qoob loo, thiab nws cov nplooj hloov xim. Qhov chaw hov yuav loj hlob yuav tsum tsis txhob raug dej nyab.
Xaiv ib qhov dawb, moderately lighted ib ncig thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm drafts nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub qhov dej hauv qhov chaw uas cog ntawm hazelnuts yog npaj yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 1.5 meters. 
Ib qho chaw zoo rau cog - ze ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv cov tuam tsev. Yog tias tsis muaj ib tug zoo li no, ces lub ris npog yuav ua rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cua. Loj hlob hazelnuts yog tau txais thaj tsam ntawm cov ntoo nrog lub voj voog, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tsis pub ze tshaj li 4-5 meters los ntawm nws. Yog li, qhov chaw noj haus zoo ntawm lub hazelnut yuav tau txais kev cawmdim - 16-25 m².
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws tsis pom zoo rau cog pob zeb nyob rau yav qab teb, drier qhov chaw siab tshaj. Nroj tsuag Bloom muaj ua ntej, thiab muaj ib qho kev txaus ntshai ntawm Frost kev puas tsuaj rau lub zes qe menyuam..
Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev kho mob ntxiv, nws yog pom zoo kom cog cua kub ntawm ib lub cuab yeej ca.
Cov av uas yuav tsum tau
Yuav kom loj hlob zoo zoo nyob rau hauv daim av, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau tuaj tos cov noob txiv hmab txiv ntoo, xoob, zoo-qhuav, nruab nrab los yog me ntsis acidic (pH 6-6.5) av rau cog. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no av uas hazelnuts sai sai los ntawm keeb kwm, nws pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab 3-4 xyoo, thiab tus txheej txheem ntawm nws cultivation tsis tsim tej yam teeb meem tsis tseem ceeb.
Nyob rau hauv chernozem xau, rau zoo dua noo noo thiab huab cua permeability, nws yog pom zoo kom siv cov xuab zeb thiab compost humus. Hazel yuav tsis nyob zoo rau ntawm npua, mob rocky thiab marshy av, thiab qaub av yuav tsum tau ua ntej lub txiv qaub (500 g ib 1 m²).
Ntais cog vaj tse
Yuav kom tau ib qho khoom plig zoo, koj yuav tsum xub kos ib qho qauv ntawm cov nroj fais fab, thiab koj yuav tsum nqa mus rau hauv qhov tseeb qhov tseeb tias thaum koj cog qoob ntoo ib sab alongside, tus ntoo khaub lig-pollination yog tsim. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau tsob nroj nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub vev xaib.
Xaiv ntawm seedlings
Hazel breeds nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev:
- Hauv paus tua. Ua ntej transplanting nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av, sprouts yog zus nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev xog paj rau 1-2 xyoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm leej niam Bush yog fwm.
- Noob. Cog ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (namely, nws yog lub noob) ntawm Hazel yog tsim nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog Autumn. Lub Bush pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv 5-6 xyoo.
- Los ntawm faib. Ceg ceg uas twb muaj ib lub hauv paus ntawm 15 centimeters ntawm ntev yog sib cais los ntawm ib tug neeg laus cov nroj tsuag. Txhua seedling yog cog nyias. Nrog kev pab ntawm xws li ib qho chaw zaum haum nws yog ua tau kom ua rau lub thickets ntawm Hazel.
- Cuttings. Ua li no, siv zog tshaj plaws tua tsis pub dhau 1-2 xyoo.
- Layering. Cov ceg nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav khoov rau hauv av, muab tso rau hauv grooves thiab maj mam ntxiv dropwise.
- Inoculation Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, thiab cuttings yog harvested los ntawm Autumn.
Zoo nkauj cog ntoo (yog tias koj npaj yuav cog nws ua ib tsob nroj uas cog) yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 2-4 lively twigs 30-50 cm ntev thiab 1-1.5 cm tuab, thiab hauv paus system yuav tsum zoo branched.
Koj puas paub? Nutritionally, 400 g ntawm Hazel Kernels yog sib npaug rau ib tus neeg laus noj hnub.
Txoj kev npaj tsaws
Cog hazelnuts yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Rau lub sijhawm pib, khawb cov pits nrog ib qhov tob ntawm 50-60 cm thiab ib tug dav ntawm 80 cm, humus los yog compost (10-15 kg), pob zeb hauv av chiv (superphosphate, potassium sulfate) thiab cov nplua nuj av los ntawm nyob rau hauv lub hazelnut yog poured rau hauv lawv. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov pits nyob ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam. Piv txwv li, rau Bush nplooj nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau muaj tsawg kawg yog 4 meters, rau tus qauv pab ntsa - 1.5-2.5 meters. Muaj tseem cog nrog zes, nyob rau hauv uas ob peb seedlings raug muab tso rau hauv ib lub voj voog nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug loj (txog 1 m) qhov, ua qhov deb ntawm seedlings yam tsawg kawg 50 cm. loj Bush.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov neeg mob xiam oob khab yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov hmoov nplej paj hlwb ua rau tsis haum cov tshuaj.
Cog hazel nyob rau hauv lub vaj
Ua ntej cog qoob loo, cov keeb kwm ntawm seedlings raug txiav mus rau 20-25 cm, wetted nrog ib tug mash los ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm manure thiab av nplaum, thiab ces muab tso rau hauv npaj (tsis pub dhau 2 lub lis piam ua ntej cog) pits, ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 4-5 meters los ntawm txhua lwm xav tsim ib qho nyiaj ua lag luam). Ntsuab cog yuav tsum tau poured abundantly (2 thoob rau txhua sapling). Tom qab no, lub voj voog nyob ze-pob zeb yog mulched nrog ib tug 3-5 cm txheej ntawm peat los yog humus, thiab ceg yog shortened mus rau 20-25 cm.
Cov theem ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub caj dab yuav tsum faus los ntawm 2-3 cm thiab tsis npog hauv av, uas yuav tsim kev loj hlob thiab branching ntawm keeb kwm. Nws yog tsim nyog los compact cov av tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kis lub keeb kwm. Vim hazel xav tau khaub lig-pollination, shrubs yuav tsum muab tso rau sab ntawm sab, thiab nws yog zoo dua yog hais tias lawv yog ntawm ntau ntau yam. Thawj lub sij hawm tom qab cog chelnnuts, dawb qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav siv tau rau zaub cov qoob loo.
Koj puas paub? Hazel bark muaj anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent zog. Tincture ntawm nws pab nrog varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, prostate kab mob, vitamin tsis muaj peev xwm, malaria, kub siab, rickets.
Tag nrho txog kev tu mob hauv tsev
Feem ntau, kev saib xyuas ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov nroj tsuag yau yog txo kom looj cov ceg ntoo thiab cov kab mob, tab sis rau hazelnuts muaj cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ntawm kev cog qoob.
Kev tu dej thiab kev tu tsiaj
Cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings yuav tsum tau pib watering ib lub lim tiam tom qab cog. Tom qab 2-3 feem ntau irrigations, lub capillaries ntawm cov av yuav sib sau ua ke, lub txaj cog yuav tsis tau cais los ntawm tus so ntawm cov av thiab yuav khaws nws ntub xeev, muab lub seedling nrog lub ntsiab tsim nyog rau tom ntej 3-4 xyoos. Yog hais tias lub xyoo qhuav, qhuav yuav tsum tau ntxiv dej. Tsis txhob xav tias thov txim rau cov dej - cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau tsum tau watered yam tsawg ib hlis ib zaug. Nco ntsoov tias cov cua kub thiab huab cua hlob zoo npaum li cas thiab ua rau cov huab cua zoo li cas, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj los mus ntsuas tias lawv yog cov uas muaj ntau dhau ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab, ua rau, txo qis. Yog li ntawd, paus tua yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg nyob rau ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov hnub nyoog, sai li sai tau lawv pib nce saum toj no. Rau kev tshem tawm zoo, khawb tawm cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm txhua sprout thiab txiav lub sprout mus rau hauv av. Txoj kev ua no yog nqa tawm thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub hazelnut coj ib tug zoo sau, tsis tsuas yog cog cog yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj yog ib yam kev kho mob. Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, Hazel yog pub nrog phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub Bush yuav tsum tau ammonium nitrate. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus rau sim rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv siv nitrogen chiv - lawv pub rau Lub Xya hli ntuj. Fruiting thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag yog zoo pub nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg siv organic chiv (quav tsiaj, compost, superphosphate, potash ntsev) rau 1 thoob rau 1 m².
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings xav tau Autumn av mulching.
Pruning Hazel vaj
Hazel nut, cog thiab kev saib xyuas rau uas yog nqa tawm ntawm dacha, raws li nws cov txheeb ze qus, muaj peev xwm ntawm cia paus keeb kwm. Yuav kom khaws tau tawm los, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cia cov ceg ntawm cov ceg ntoo hauv lub hav zoov (thaum ua cov yas, tsuas yog 6-10 ntawm cov tsiaj tua zoo tshaj plaws yog sab laug uas tsis nyob ze rau ib leeg).
Raws li lub Bush hlob, twisting, puas thiab qhuav ceg raug muab tshem tawm. Nees xyoo-laus nroj tsuag yog maj hloov los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tua, tshem 2 "qub txiv neej" ib xyoo.
Hazel kev kho mob rau kab tsuag thiab kab mob
Nws tshwm sim tias cov hmoov av tsis tshua zoo pib ua rau lawv tu siab, tab sis qhov kev tsaws thiab kev saib xyuas tom qab tau ua tiav raws li txhua txoj cai.
Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab tsuag thiab kab mob uas zoo li lub hauv paus:
- txiv ntoo Weevil;
- mob raum;
- aphid;
- Walnut barbel;
- ntaub thaiv npog;
- xim av;
- powdery mildew.
Thaum pom kab rau saum ib tug Bush, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los co lawv los ntawm ceg, yav tas kis tawm ib zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv Bush. Insecticides tuaj yeem siv los tswj cov kab tsuag. Lawv ua tiav ob zaug ib lub caij: ua ntej Bud tawg thiab tom qab tsos ntawm nplooj. Rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm Hazel thiab Hazel pom zoo kom siv cov colloidal sulfur thiab boric acid. 
Yog hais tias nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov nplooj yog showered on hazelnuts nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau, cov nroj tsuag yog feem ntau yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm moths. Lawv yog los ntawm tes los yog siv los tua cov tshuaj (thaum muaj ntau qhov kis mus). Raws li kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas rau qhov pom ntawm pests nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub bark ntawm Bush yuav tsum tau ntxuav nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, foliage sau nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg yuav tsum tau ntxuav, thiab thaum lub caij ntuj sov kuj txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv siab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
Koj puas paub? Txhawm rau kom muaj roj ntau ntawm cov kua mis Hazel kernels raug nquahu kom siv lub sijhawm pub mis.
Harvesting
Hazel sau ripens nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj thiab thaum ntxov Cuaj hlis. Ib tug mature txiv ntoo yog txawv los ntawm ib tug brownish ply, uas on tag nrho ripened txiv hmab txiv ntoo opens me ntsis thiab pib mus rau crumble. Tus sau yog qhuav rau 2-3 lub lis piam, uas ua rau nws yooj yim mus cais lub kernels los ntawm pluses. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau muab khaws cia rau hauv ntaub los yog cov hnab ntawv hauv ib qhov chaw qhuav - ces lawv tsis poob lawv saj hauv ob xyoos.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj zog ntawm cov hmoov av tau yooj yim tuaj sai li tuaj moldy.
Muaj cov nroj tsuag zoo nkauj tuaj yeem siv rau cov hom phiaj zoo nkauj, yog li muaj qhov "hav zoov nyob rau hauv" mus rau ntawm qhov chaw tau los ua kev tsim kho rau kev tsim kho. Koj tsuas yog xav paub seb yam twg yog qhov twg, xaiv ntau txoj cai, cog kom raug thiab ua raws li cov cai tswj xyuas ntxiv.
