Suav belfleur - nto moo khoom qab zib ntau yam ntawm applesleej twg tau txais txiaj ntsim dav dav rau lawv tus kheej tastes thiab impressive qhov loj ntawm apples.
Thiab tseem lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Bellefleur Suav yog li ntawd gorgeous tias nws yuav yog ib qhov teeb meem ntawm kev hwm kom loj hlob rau lawv txhua tus gardener! Kev piav qhia thiab duab tom qab hauv tsab xov xwm.
Yam zoo li cas
Suav Belfleur - kua ntau hom cheeb tsam me me yav qab teb cheeb tsam ntawm lub European feem ntawm Russia.
Hauv nruab nrab txoj kab yog hais txog Autumn ntau yam, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb - mus rau lig.
Muab tau los ntawm Michurin nws tus kheejNo cov kua ntoo yog ib zaug nrov heev thiab thoob plaws hauv peb lub vaj.
Hmoov tsis, nws tsis tuaj yeem sawv qhov sib tw nrog ntau yam tshiab, ntau resistant kom mob khaub thuas thiab kab mob.
Mus saib lwm lub caij nplooj zeeg kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo: Aelita, Gala, Lyubava.
Pollination
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pollinators rau Bellefleur Suav yog cov nram qab no ntau yam: Cinnamon striped, Autumn striped, Antonovka dog dig, suav Saffron. Siv tau: Slavyanka, Pepin saffron.
Kev piav qhia ntawm Bellefleur Suav ntau yam
Xav txog cais cov tsos ntawm cov kua thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xwb.
Cov ntoo siab, muaj zog. Lub crown yog tsim los ntawm tuab boughs, nyob rau hauv cov duab puag ncig thiab dav. Kua ntoo dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsuas yog rau ntev thiab nyias txiv twigs, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau ntawm qhov xaus ntawm xyoo tas los lub tua.
Tua muaj lub xim xim daj uas muaj xim liab tinge, muaj zog-cia.
Lentils ntawm tua yog me me, puag ncig. Cov xim ntawm nplooj yoojyim rau qhov tsaus ntuj grey.
Cov nplooj yog loj, muaj ib puag ncig puag, oval los yog ovate nyob rau hauv cov duab, ntseeg tau pubescent.
Cov nplooj ntoos saum npoo yog txhaws, kom pom zoo, cov nplooj muaj tais hauv plab.
Qhov sawv ntawm nplooj yog wavy, jagged. Muaj ntau qhov txawv ntawm cov hniav, nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm txoj kev loj hlob: forked cov hniav nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam hauv central thiab crenate nyob hauv thaj tsam Volga thiab sab qab teb.
Nplooj ntoos petioles yog tuab, medium ntev. Muaj cov ntawv me me ntawm daim ntawv lanceolate.
Nyob rau hauv nurseries, seedlings yog siab, nrog xim av bark tsaus. Cov nplooj ntawm tua loj hlob 90º nyob rau hauv relation mus rau soj caum.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Kua ntoo yog heev loj. (200-300 g)ua ib lub me me nrog lub hnub nyoog (120-200 g).
Qee lub sij hawm txiv apples ncav cuag koj qhov ntau thiab tsawg hauv 500-600 g.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog hloov, me ntsis flattened, feem ntau ribbed thoob plaws qhov ntev. Calyx kaw.
Lub phais yog me me, nqaim, nrog folds. Deep funnel ntawm nruab nrab lub cheeb.
Cov tawv nqaij yog tej zaum rusty. Lub qia yog ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntev thiab thickness, central txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj luv (tsis txhob ntev dhau ntawm cov npoo ntawm funnel). Cov Ntoo Noob yuav raug kaw lossis ib nrab-qhib.
Noob zes nyob ze rau saum. Sunflower noob yog cov loj, convex, tsaus xim av.
Podchashechnaya tubule dav thiab tob. Lub raj yog cylindrical rau funnel shaped.
Lub ntsiab xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog lub teeb ntsuab, whitening nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ripening.
Zoo nkauj npog xim: nyob rau ntawm ib lub yeeb yuj keeb pink tom qab ib qho muag liab liab-liab dawb uas siv ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho saum npoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj ntau yam ntawm cov lus qhia uas ci ntsa iab.
Cov nqaij yog muaj kua, dawb-dawb, ntom hauv kev ntxhib los mos, nplua-grained.
Saj yog qab zib-qaub nrog tshwj xeeb ntsim smack. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj lub zog ua noj kom zoo.
Diam duab
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Tus neeg sau ntawv tau ntau yam los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb txog Lavxias teb sab I. V. Michurin hauv xyoo 1908.
Raws li ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm kev hla American Belfleur daj nrog loj-fruited Suav qib tau muab coj los tsim kho kom haum rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab hnyav Belfleur daj.
Loj hlob thaj av
Tsi yog zoned nyob rau hauv Central Chernozem thiab North Caucasus cheeb tsam, Ukraine, Armenia.
Yav tas, nws yog dav faib nyob rau hauv lub Lower Volga thiab cov chaw nyob ib sab Central Chernozem siv, thiab nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm cov European sab ntawm Russia tau siv raws li lub caij ntuj sov ib.
Maj mam, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab ntau yam, ntau resistant rau Frost thiab tus kab mob, tau poob nws cov qub nqi.
Bellefleur suav tau nruab nrab Frost tsis kam cov ntoo nyob rau hauv hauv paus cheeb tsam ntawm Russia khov khaub noom nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txias winters, thiab nyob rau hauv ntub huab cua lawv cuam tshuam los ntawm scab.
Tam sim no, ntau yam kev pom zoo siv rau hauv North Caucasus cheeb tsam.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog ntau yam ntawm Kua ntoo tsim rau cultivation nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam: Avgusta, Melba, Idared, Antonovka dessert, Golden Delicious, Hrusovka lub caij ntuj no.
Tawm
Yields fluctuate txij li qib nruab nrab (nyob hauv nruab nrab txoj kab) mus siab (nyob rau sab qab teb). Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam qab teb ntawm nruab nrab cheeb tsam, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo muaj tsawg yields mus txog kom txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14-15 xyoos.
Tom qab 20 xyoo yields nce mus txog 150-200 centners ib hectare. Kua ntoo pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj lig, ntawm qhov nruab nrab rau 6-8 xyoo. Ib xyoos ib zaug fructification, periodicity yog qaug zog.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug tshem tawm nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo caum ntawm Cuaj Hli. Txawm loj heev txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuav ceev ceev ntawm ceg, tsis txhob crumble. Lub ntsiab tus nqi ntawm ntau yam yog nws zoo saj.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws saj tom qab laus. tom qab 2-3 lub lis piam tom qab muab tshem tawm. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem thauj mus los.
Rau cia, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog txheeb los ntawm qhov loj me, noj lawm, tsis muaj dents thiab khawb. Apples muab tso rau hauv ntoo thawv thiab ntxuav nyob rau hauv lub cellar los yog qab daus.
Rau cia ntawm Autumn ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws yog kub txog 0 ° C. Nyob rau hauv xws li tej yam kev mob, Bellefleur Suav tuaj yeem khaws tau mus txog rau lub Ib Hlis, thiab feem ntau mus txog thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis - Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj ntawm no ntau yam tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntau ntawm ethylene, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tau txais Bellefleur Suav qab zib nyob rau hauv lub caij niaj hnub no yog xam cultivation nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txhaj tshuaj.
Li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem zam txhua qhov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm no.
Ua li no, ua ob peb txhaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub crown ntawm Frost-resistant Kua ntau yam.
Tsis haum rau lub hom phiaj no Antonovka, vim cov neeg pluag suav compatibility.
Kua Bellefleur Suav tau zoo zus los ntawm cov noob tsis siv grafts.
Lawv yog cov ntawm ntau yam uas muab siab feem pua ntawm seedlings nrog kab lis kev cai thaj chaw, txawm tsis pom tsom tshwj xeeb thaum sau cov noob.
Txoj kev sai dua thiab yooj yim dua tuaj yeem cog qoob loo ntawm Bellefleur Suav yog yuav yuav ib lub noob yau. Yuav seedlings xwb nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb xyuas chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyobQhov no yog qhov lav tias lub tsob ntoo kua txiv yuav tsum yog yoog rau kev nyab xeeb hauv zos.
Tus yau lub yub, qhov zoo dua. Ua ntej yuav thauj, saib xyuas kom ceev cov dej noo: qhwv cov hauv paus hniav nrog moss, ib daim ntaub ntub dej los yog ntawv, thiab qhwv rau hauv polyethylene.
Thaum yuav ib tug seedling nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv kom zoo zoo saib ncig nws thiab ua kom nws muaj cov kab mob zoo rau cov menyuam yaus.
Cog yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog caij nplooj zeeg nyob rau hauv txoj kev txheem. Hauv nruab nrab txoj kab yog cov caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Cov ntoo yog cog nyob rau hauv qhov deb tsis pub tsawg tshaj 4-6 m thiab tsis tshaj 50 m ntawm ib leeg rau pollination.
Rau tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Kua ntoo, nruab nrab, zoo-fertilized xau nplua nuj nyob rau hauv poov tshuaj thiab organic teeb meem feem ntau dej siab. Cov av yuav tsum zoo moistened. Lub rooj rau lub seedling yog npaj ua ntej.
Yog hais tias qhov av yog fertile, cov ntoo yog cog nyob rau hauv pits.
Rau loam, xuab zeb, dub av lawv tshem tawm cov txheej sab saum toj ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab ua kom muaj kev nyuab siab me me nyob rau hauv 15-20 cm
On Sandy grains npaj ib tug loj square aub tsiv. txog 80 cm tob muab tso rau hauv nws hauv av, lub Moss kom khaws noo noo thiab muab kev pab cuam, poob pw tsaug zog on to top ntawm fertile av.
Cog ua tiav rau xyoo tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv lub Sandy, Sandy thiab podzolic xau ua rau cov organic chiv - compost los yog manure.
Nco ntsoov hais tias pob zeb hauv av chiv thiab tshiab chiv tsis tuaj yeem siv rau thaum lub caij cog qoob loo, raws li lawv tuaj yeem ua rau kub nyhiab.
Av nplaum, peat, thiab cov chaw ntub dej uas ntub dej saum nruab ntug tsis haum rau cov ntoo hauv qab.
Rau cov xau rau cog npaj lub toj toj roob.
Txoj kev tsaws no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas tau ua tiav. Tsob ntoo yog cog nrog ib tug peg, uas yog tsav mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub cog qoob loo.
Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub seedling maj mam kis tawm rau ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg thiab maj sprinkled nrog lub ntiaj teb. Lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum nyob rau hauv 3-5 cm saum toj no hauv av..
Tsis txhob bury lub yub, nws yuav ua rau nws loj hlob thiab tej zaum kuj ua rau tuag.
Tom qab cog, lub seedling yog thawj loosely khi mus rau ib tug peg. Tom qab cov av qis, tsob ntoo yog khi kom zoo zoo, zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov. nrog kev pab ntawm peb pegs.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab cog, lub seedling yog watered abundantly, txawm nyob rau hauv rainy huab cua.
Rau lub hom phiaj no, nrog rau cov ntug dej ntawm lub pits ua lub qhov. Cov kua ntoo ntxiv muab dej tsis tu ncua.
Tuav kom ya raws kev ya raws av mulching sawdust, tawv ntoo, dung lossis cov yeeb yaj kiab dub.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua dawb los tiv thaiv sunburn, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua rau qhov no nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj tshav ntuj.
Rau zoo sau thiab kab mob kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua nqa tawm pruning ntawm cov ntoo.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, pruning yog txo mus rau tshem tawm ntawm qhuav ceg, raws li nws yog undesirable mus rau injure ib tsob ntoo thaum lub sij hawm kua ntoo khiav.
Krona yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg tom qab xaus ntawm fruiting. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, cov ceg luv zog thiab thinned, thiab cov qhuav qhuav raug tshem tawm. Txoj cai dav thaum pruning: tshem competing nrog lub hauv paus pob tw, vertically loj hlob ceg, tawm hauv tav toj. Cov txheej txheem npog vaj teb.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Suav belfleur muaj tsawg tsis kam mus rau fungal kab mob: scab thiab powdery mildew. Tshwj xeeb yog cuam tshuam yog scab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, mus rau ib tug tsawg li yoojyim.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob, cov ntoo yuav tsum cog rau ntawm ib qho chaw txaus ntawm txhua lwm yam, tiv thaiv kom txhob thickening ntawm crown. Cov kab xoos no tshwm sim li dub pob thiab loj hlob ntawm nplooj ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd ces cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Mob nplooj yog tsim nyog tshem tawm tam sim ntawd thiab hlawv.
Mealy dew manifests nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav raws li ib tug ntom dawb Bloom on nplooj, tua thiab inflorescences.
Txij lub sij hawm, cov quav hniav tsaus ntuj, nrhiav ib lub liab tint, qhov cuam tshuam tawm curl thiab tuag.
Nyob rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo whitish quav hniav hloov mus rau hauv ib yam dab tsi rusty Mesh.
Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau siv tshwj xeeb npaj rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm fungus.
Tshuaj tsuag peb zaug nrog fungicides. los yog Bordeaux kua, koj tuaj yeem siv tau lub cim tshiab ntawm cov khoom lom "Noj Qab Haus Huv Vaj", "Charm", "Zircon".
Lawv ua rau cov tshuaj tua kabmob thiab cov powdery mildew muaj zog, tiv thaiv kab tsuag thiab tsis muaj teebmeem rau tib neeg.
Pub ntoo nrog potash thiab phosphate chiv ho nce tus kab mob tsis kam, thaum tshaj nitrogen, los ntawm sib piv, ua rau muaj feem kis ntawm tus kab mob.
Tam sim no, Bellefleur Suav yog ntau hom kev cog lus raws li hais lus souvenir ntau yam. Ntawm cov minuses - ib tug loj qhov siab ntawm cov ntoo.
Muaj teeb meem loj dua ntawm ntau yam tsawg Frost tsis kam nyob hauv nruab nrab txoj kab, lig pib ntawm fruiting thiab tsawg tawm los, raws li tau zoo raws li siab raug rau scab thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm central Russia muaj peev xwm pom zoo cultivation Belfleur-Suav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txhaj tshuaj.
Saib cov yees duab ntawm dab tsi ntawm cov kua mis yas qaub: kev tswj thiab kev tiv thaiv.
