Cov kua ntau hom ntawm Ural filling yog qhov txawv ntawm nws cov saj.
Zib muam-qab ntsim txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog zoo meej rau ziab, thiab thaum tshiab tshiab, cov txiv apples tsis muaj sib npaug li.
Zoo li cas?
Kua ntau Ural tej (tej zaum nws yog hu ua tsuas Ural tej los yog Ural bulk cov kua) hais txog lub caij nplooj zeeg pom. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm sim tsis haum rau fungal kab mob. Lub caij ntuj no thiab drought tsis haum yog siab.
Fresh txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov khoom kom zoo yog mus txog ob lub hlis. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov tub yees (tub yees) lossis chaw cia khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kub txog 0 ° C. Calibrated los ntawm cov txiv apples zoo tshaj plaws muab tso rau hauv cov thawv ntoo (thawv, ntim lossis racks).
Pollination
Qhov no nws yog ib lub hauv paus kua txiv qaub.. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias pollination tshwm sim vim lub pollen ntawm Kua paj ntawm lwm yam ntau yam. Hom phiaj, cov kab khiav tawm ntawm ob hom ntawm qhov nrug ntawm 5 meters ntawm ib leeg.
Kev piav qhia ntawm qib ib nrab ntawm lub nroog Ural
Cov tsos ntawm cov ntoo tsob ntoo yog yam ntxwv ntawm nruab nrab qhov siab, tuab ci ntsuab yas thiab lub teeb daj txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nyob rau hauv cov duab hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom zoo li cas lub Kua Av Plhaub Kua Zoo Zoo li thiab nyeem ntxiv cov lus piav qhia.
Nruab nrab-loj hlob thiab tsawg txoj kev loj hlob.
Lub krone yog zoo leafy, ntawm medium tuab, ci thiab tsaus ntsuab.
Cov ceg txiav plaub hau yuav luag ntawm txoj cai kaum ntawm lub cev.
Lub bark yog xim ntsuab grey. Fruiting - tov:
- hauv ncoo;
- twigs;
- xyoo tas los no qhov nce.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog me me, lawv qhov hnyav ntawm qhov nruab nrab tsis tshua muaj ntau tshaj 100 grams.
Muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txog li 150-170 grams. Rau ntawm tsob ntoo, raws li txoj cai, txiv apples ntawm kwv yees li loj tib yam loj tuaj.
Tsis muaj xeb, tawv nqaij, khoob khoob. Cov txiv ntoo muaj ntiav, nqaim ntawv sau thiab luv luv ntawm medium thickness.
Daim tawv nqaij yog du thiab ci iab. Cov xim yog xim daj. Subcutaneous ntsiab lus tsis pom.
Cov nqaij yog heev muaj kua, grainy creamy dawb. Lub saj yog heev harmonious - dessert, ze rau khoom qab zib. Lub aroma ntawm lub Kua yog me me.
Qhov nruab nrab, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj:
- 13.6% soluble dry matter;
- 10.6% ntawm suab thaj;
- 0.7% titrated acids;
- 8.6 mg / 100 g ascorbic acid.
Diam duab
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Lub plhom Qaib Kua ntau tau bred los ntawm P.A. Zhavoronkov ntawm lub koom haum tshawb fawb ntawm Poloivoszhosovodstva thiab qos yaj ywm qe ntawm yav qab teb Urals, vim hla ntau yam liab Ranetka thiab Papirovka.
Kev loj hlob thaj av ntuj
Lub cheeb tsam ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub pob zeb loj hauv av ntawm Ural yog qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw nws xaiv. Zoned ntau yam nyob rau hauv North-Western ib feem ntawm Russia, zoo li nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan - los ntawm Urals mus rau Far East txij thaum 1959.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev tu kom zoo thiab cog kev cog, lub hauv paus ntoo tau txais nyob hauv lwm thaj chaw.
Tawm
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, qhov pib ntawm fruiting pib heev thaum ntxov - 2-3 xyoos tom qab cog ntoo. Maturation tshwm sim thaum lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj. Txij li thaum lub ntau yam yog nrov rau kev, nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm peb lub sij hawm ntawm tshem tawm zoo:
- thawj - rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm juices (thaum lub cev nqaij daim tawv tseem tshiab, ruaj thiab muaj kua);
- qhov thib ob - kev noj cov zaub mov tshiab (cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo npua);
- qhov thib peb - rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm jam, jam los yog jelly (overripe txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lub pulp yog mos heev).
Productivity yog siab heev, tsis tu ncua, txhua xyoo. Qhov nruab nrab tawm los yog 200 tawm hos ib hectare; mus txog 250 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm ib tsob ntoo.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Los ntawm kev saib xyuas ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb ntawm qhov tawm los ntawm Kua. Kua Ural muaj unpretentious nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas thiab mob pesnrab rau fungal kab mob.
Thaum cog ib tsob ntoo siv classic chiv.
Li ntawd, cia saib dab tsi lub sij hawm ntawm xyoo nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los cog no tsi ntawm Kua thiab dab tsi rau tej yam zoo rau nws. Ural tej - Autumn ntau yam ntawm kua. Cog no ntau yam yog ntshaw nyob rau hauv ib ntawm ob lub sij hawm:
- caij nplooj ntoos hlav (lig Plaub Hlis);
- Autumn (lig Cuaj hlis - thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj).
Txawm li cas los tseem pom zoo caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau qhov no ntau yam. Kev cog yuav ua tau los ntawm cog ntoo seedlings los yog los ntawm cov noob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Qhov thib ob hom yog qhov zoo heev, tiam sis, ntev thiab nyuaj. Nws yog xav paub ntau tshaj haum rau cov gardeners.
Tsis tas li ntawd muaj kev pheej hmoo tias nws thiaj li koj yuav tuaj yeem cog ntoothiab yog li ntawd peb yuav tam sim ntawd xav txog cov nta ntawm thawj txoj kev.
Hais rau ib tsob ntoo loj hlob muaj zog, noj qab nyob zoo thiab zoo nkauj, thawj yam uas tsim nyog yog xaiv cov cai seedling.
Thaum seedlings twb tau yuav lawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau xaiv qhov chaw zoo rau cog ib qho kua ntoo. Lub ntsiab cim ntawm qhov chaw zoo rau tsaws pawg coob:
- tshav ntuj ib ncig;
- tsis muaj cua;
- landing aav yog zoo drained;
- cheeb tsam ntawm loamy lossis av av;
- qhov chaw deb ntawm av.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsaws tsoob yog qhov kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw tsaws. Qhov kev pom tsis zoo ntawm qhov aub tsiv rau cog ib qho ntawm no ntau yam: 0.8 x 0.7m.
Qhov tsaws algorithm yog qhov yooj yim heev. Lub txheej qaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb uas raug khawb av tau muab sib xyaw nrog cov txheej qis thiab cov nram qab no coj los tso ua ke. chiv:
- 18-20 kg ntawm nees manure;
- 250 grams ntoo tshauv;
- 250 g ntawm superphosphate;
- 100 grams ntawm poov tshuaj sulfate.
Qhov aub tsiv yog sau nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm av thiab chiv los ntawm 2/3. Fertile av tsis muaj fertilizer yog poured on to top. Ntaus dej thiab ntxiv dua rau txheej txheej ntawm cov av fertile. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem ua tib zoo cog qoob tsob ntoo, dua li nrog lwm tus neeg pab. Tom qab, nco ntsoov khi nws mus rau ib tug ntoo peg xam yim.
Lub xyoo tom ntej tom qab cog, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim lub deciduous crown ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los luas tag nrho txhua ceg.
Txij li thaum lub kua ntoo tuaj rau hauv fruition thaum ntxov, nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, nco ntsoov prune tag nrho cov paj. Qhov no yuav pub kom tau thawj cov qoob loo ntawm qhov loj dua.
Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau xa cov ntoo nrog mixtures uas tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab tsuag. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua ob zaug:
- thaum buds pib swell on ceg;
- ua ntej blooming buds.
Kev saib xyuas theem pib thaum thawj ob rau peb xyoos tom qab cog:
- tying ntoo los tiv thaiv nas thiab nas (khoom - parchment, lapnik);
- mulching nrog humus pristvolnyh voj voog;
- hilling hauv av mus rau ib qhov siab ntawm nees nkaum centimeters;
- to top hnav khaub ncaws nrog kev sib tov sib xyaw;
- dej ntawm cov ntoo uas sib tov uas tiv thaiv kab tsuag.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Kua ntoo ntawm qib qib kawm ntawv Ural yog moderately resistant mus rau ntau yam fungal kab mob.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib qho tshuaj tua kab, hmoov powdery mildew, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qij los yog hlawv tuaj yeem ua rau tsob ntoo. Xav txog cov ntsiab lus thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob no.
Feature ntawm scab - lub yeej ntawm nplooj ntawm tsob ntoo, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, thiab ces tus swb ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau cov tsos ntawm no fungus yog feem ntau lub stagnation ntawm huab cua hauv lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo los yog nce humidity.
Tus kab mob tom qab tshwm sim feem ntau tom qab hnyav rains yog powdery mildew. Ib tug yam ntxwv kos npe ntawm tus kab mob yog cov tsos ntawm mycelium fungus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dawb Bloom on nplooj ntawm cov ntoo. Tus mob no tshwm sim rau ntawm tsob ntoo hauv qab, txog thaum nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsob ntoo.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Rot - Ib tug kab mob ntawm hom fungal, uas nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm fetus los ntawm kev tawg thiab qhov txhab tsim ntxov dhau los ntawm cov tsiaj, lawg los yog lwm txoj kev. Thawj kos npe yog qhov muag ntawm ib xim av chaw nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub Kua, uas yuav loj hlob kom txog thaum lub kua yog ua kom rotten.
Ib tug series ntawm pom kev ntsuas uas coj ib tug tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob ntawm lub kua ntoo:
- pollination ntawm colloidal sulfur thiab tooj liab txuas;
- kev siv ntawm ntau yam nrog high tsis kam mus rau tus kab mob;
- kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv;
- fertilization ntawm potash thiab phosphorus hom;
- pub nrog potash chiv;
- Tshuaj Calcium tshuaj chloride thaum lub caij cog qoob;
- raws sij hawm sau;
- muab cia ntawm apples.
Cov hau kev no yuav cawm tau koj tus ntoo los ntawm yuav luag txhua cov kab mob.
Txawm li cas los ib qho kab mob hu ua tus kab mob ntawm cov kab mob yog heev insidious thiab tsis kho. Qhov hlawv yog tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob Erwinia amylovora. Qhov cuam tshuam cov ntoo yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg sai li sai tau thiaj li hais tias lawv tsis kis ze ze ntau yam. Tus neeg saib xyuas neeg mob yog qhov khoom cais tawm.
Kua Ural ib qho yog nrov heev ntawm cov neeg ua teb thiab cov neeg siv khoom, raws li nws yog khoom hauv qhov chaw zov me nyuam thiab tib lub sij hawm muab zoo heev, muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cov qib zoo yuav tsim ob qho tib si rau kev siv tshiab, thiab rau ntau yam ua.
