Niaj hnub gardeners yog tsis yooj yim rau xaiv rau lawv tus kheej lub zoo meej ntau yam ntawm cherries. Tej zaum kev rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog qoob loo uas nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm Russia - feem ntau "Cherry" ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws, qhov no yuav yog Qib Dessert Morozova.
Nws yog hais tias qhov no Cherry yog tsim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav zoo ciaj sia lub hnyav Lavxias teb sab lub caij ntuj no thiab sai sai nrog nrog juices, thov ib tug txiv neej nrog nws nplua nuj thiab qab zib sau. Zoo, lub npe ntawm tus creator ntawm no hom yog paub zoo - nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv nws lub npe heev.
Morozova Khoom qab zib Cherry - ntau yam piav qhia, txiv hmab txiv ntoo yees duab, gardeners 'xyuas txog nws cov yam ntxwv thiab khoom tom qab hauv tsab xov xwm.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Dessert Morozova yog ib tus menyuam yaus. Lub xyoo ntawm nws yug yog 1997.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib qho chaw zoo tsim thiab kuaj kab lis kev cai raug nkag mus rau hauv Lavxias Lub Xeev Varietal Register.
Thiab txij thaum ntawd los, ua tsaug rau nws cov tseem ceeb zoo, nws tseem nrov heev ntawm gardeners - cov tub txawg thiab amateurs.
Tus sau ntawm ntau yam, uas tau muab cov tsis yog lub neej xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub npe, yog ib tug paub zoo breeder, tus neeg sib tw ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab ib tus paub tshwj xeeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm pob zeb txiv hmab txiv ntoo, T. Morozova. Nws tes kuj muaj Lebedyanskaya, Tamaris.
Zoo li feem ntau ntawm nws Cherry thiab Cherry "ua hauj lwm", Tamara Vasilievna tsim cov khoom noj qab zib ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm All-Lavxias Kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Horticulture thiab Nursery. I. V. Michurin (Michurinsk, Tambov cheeb tsam).
Qhov chaw tshawb fawb no zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws rau nws cov kev lag luam zoo siab, lub hom phiaj uas tau yeej ib txwm ua los tsim kev cai lij choj uas muaj kev yoog raws li cov kev coj noj coj niaj hnub thiab ib puag ncig.
Raws li rau ntau yam khoom noj qab zib Morozova, lub Vladimirskaya Cherry ntau yam yog siv raws li lub hauv paus rau nws creation.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev xaiv, cov noob ntawm cov "niam txiv" hom nyob rau hauv lub xeev germinated raug kho nrog cov tshuaj ethyleneimine (EI) los ntawm cov mutagen.
Qhov concentration of mutagen yog li 0.1%.
Tom qab yug me nyuam thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev npe, qhov ntau yam raug zoned rau cov khoom cog qoob loo hla Central Black ntiaj teb cheeb tsam (Russia).
Vam cia, Lyubskaya, Novella kuj tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no.
Tshwm sim ntawm Cherry Qab Zib Morozova
Cov tsos mob raws li nram qab no tshwm sim hauv Morozova Cherry Khoom Qab Zib:
Tsob Ntoo
Feem ntau ua cim medium siab (qee zaum qis dua lossis siab tshaj qhov siab qhov nruab nrab). Tsob ntoo ntoo npog npog cov tawv ntoo ntawm Hawj lub teeb liab.
Plaub, ceg. Lub crown yog dav txaus nyob rau hauv Scope, tsim los ntawm ruaj, kis ceg them nrog lub teeb liab xim av. Raws li txoj cai, nws muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv pob. Feem ntau muaj ib qho nqi ntawm cov nplooj (nruab nrab nplooj). Zoo li cov cim qhia kuj tau qhia los ntawm Griot ntawm Moscow, Lebedyanskaya thiab Morozovka.
Tua. Cov kob caws yog xim grey-ntsuab hauv xim. Ib tug me me ntawm lentils yog tsim rau lawv qhov chaw.
Lub buds muaj ib tug sib npaug ovoid duab, significantly deviated los ntawm saum npoo ntawm cov tua. Fruiting tshwm sim ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub bouquet ceg thiab nyob rau hauv txhua xyoo increments (nyob rau hauv lub tom kawg - rau ib tug ntau dua).
Nplooj. Khoom qab zib Morozova nplooj yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm lub teeb ntxoov ntawm npub ntsuab. Qhov loj ntawm lub niaj zaus rau no nplooj Cherry yog ntau tshaj li nruab nrab. Cov duab yog obovoid.
Cov leafless nplooj ntoos tau txai rau qhov kov nto. Ntawm ntug ntawm daim ntawv, biconorigular serrations yog pom. Ntawm nws lub hauv paus koj tuaj yeem pom 1-2 qog plhaw liab me me.
Nplooj yog khaws cia on shortened petioles ntawm medium tuab. Nyob rau ntawm petioles kuj muaj qog ntawm liab xim.
Inflorescences Nyob rau tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Roses Bloom loj loj dawb paj. Cov nplaum yuav sib npaug. Lub stigma ntawm pistil thiab stamens muaj ntau heights.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Hloov, heev loj thiab hnyav cherries (nruab nrab txiv hmab txiv ntoo luj yog nyob rau hauv 4.7-5.0 g) nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus lawv muaj ib tug moderately loj zawj thiab apex nrog ras txog convavity. Nyob rau lub plab mog ntawm berries yog tsau tsis tshua pom raws li seam.
Cov tev yog xim dawb lias, muaj ib qho me me ntawm cov khoom me me.
Cov nqaij ntawm tib xim xim tsis txawv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb ntom, muaj ntau ntawm kua txiv hmab txiv nyob rau hauv nws.
Sab hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pob txha, muab pob txha muab zais, uas yog yooj yim sib cais los ntawm lub pulp. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog khaws cia ntawm ceg ntoo los ntawm kev ywj pheej ntev ntev.
Nruab nrab ntawm Berry thiab tsis tuab soj caum muaj ib qho sib cais txheej. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm piav qhia ntawm cov khoom noj qab zib cherry Morozova thiab yees duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Winterhardy qib Cherry Qab Zib Morozovaraws li tib qib hnub nyoog hais txog lawv tus kheej-fertilized. Hais txog nws qhov kev muaj peev xwm ua rau nws cov paj ntoos nrog nws cov paj ntoos, qhov no ua rau tib neeg nyob nruab nrab ntawm nws tus kheej thiab nws tus kheej.
Xws li kev sib txuas lus txhais tau hais tias kev coj noj coj ua teb los ntawm nws tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv caj ces tau khi ntawm 7 mus rau 20% ntawm tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo array.
Yog li, thiaj li muaj peev xwm tua tau zoo tsim nyog, Morozova Khoom qab zib Cherry yuav tsum ntxiv pollinating ntoo los ntawm sab nraum.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm no yog cov xws li "Griot Rossoshansky", "Griot Ostheims", "Me Nyuam Kawm Ntawv", "Vladimirskaya".
Tsis tas li ntawd, txiav yog qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev yug me nyuam. Xws li ib txoj hauv ib co mob muab rau 70-75% rooting ntawm khoom noj qab zib Morozova.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub Vladimirskaya Cherry yog suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws Tshuag (tsob ntoo uas lub cuttings yog cog) rau no ntau yam.
Raws li tus qauv, Dessert, zoo li Podbelskaya, ripens thaum ntxov. Tus sau nyob rau hauv lub zwj ceeb ntawm tshav ntuj sov huab cua yog muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo caum ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nqi qoob tshaj plaws ntawm kev cog qoob loo tuaj yeem pom xwb 3-4 xyoo tom qab cog qhov no ntau yam.
Nyob rau theem ntawm tag nrho cov ripeness, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo tag nrho pom tseeb lub npe ntawm nws ntau yam. Cherries tsis tsuas yog txaus nyiam heev nyob rau hauv tsos, tab sis kuj heev six.
Cov naj npawb saj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cim los ntawm cov khoom qab zib mos mos, nrog lub teeb thiab qab ntxiag refreshing sourness (Dessert Morozova cherries muaj ib tug significantly txo acidity). Ntau yam Volochaevka, Zhukovskaya thiab Lebedyanskaya muaj ib tug zoo qab zib saj.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom noj qab zib cherry Morozova:
| Muaj pes tsawg leeg | Cov naj npawb ntawm |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 12,78% |
| Acids | 0,90% |
| Ascorbic acid | 10.0 mg / 100 g |
Tsob Ntoo Dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhua txhua xyoo. Sau muaj zoo thaujuas ua rau ntau yam nthuav hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev muag khoom nyob rau hauv cov lag luam kev ua lag luam.
Raws li gardeners ntawm Michurinsk, lub teb ntawm Dessert Morozova, nco, Tiav ntawm no Cherry on nruab nrab ncav cuag 55-70 centners ib hectare (35 kg los ntawm ib tsob ntoo).
Ntawm cov high-yielding ntau yam muaj nqis them sai sai mus rau ntau yam Turgenevka, Ural Ruby thiab Rossoshanskaya dub.
Qhov no Cherry yog tsis tsuas zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv tsos, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb heev rau tib neeg lub cev. Nws, hauv particular, muaj txaus ib tug ntau ntawm tooj liab, cobalt, hlau - ntshav-txoj kev ua tshuaj chemical, pab nrog ntshav tsis txaus. Ntau yam Chernokorka, Uralskaya Rubinovaya thiab Kharitonovskaya kuj muaj zog thaj chaw.
Rau tshem tawm ntawm co toxins ntawm nitrogenous sib txuas "lub luag hauj lwm" pectins muaj nyob rau hauv Cherry berries. Cov kab mob siv tau cov kab mob muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj qab zib.
Tsis tas li, Cherry yog ib qho khoom nutritionally. Thaum nws noj, qhov qab los noj mov zoo dua, metabolism ntawm cov nqaijrog thiab cov nqaij ua tau zoo tuaj, plab hnyuv ua haujlwm yog li qub. Thaum kawg, Cherry ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo tua lawv cov nqhis dej zoo.
Diam duab
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Ua ntej pib cog cov sapling, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj ib qho chaw rau ib tsob ntoo rau yav tom tsev laus thiab npaj kom muaj lub siab tshaj plaws.
Nyob rau hauv kev, rau lub Dessert Morozova specimen, nws yog zoo dua los xaiv ib lub cuab ntxhiab me me 3 x 3 meters. Tsis pub dhau lub txwv ntawm xws li ib tug square, hauv paus system, lub hauv paus ntawm tej yam nroj tsuag, muaj peev xwm tsim ib txwm tob thiab broader.
Ntawm chav kawm lub tsev tsaws yuav tsum nyob rau sab hnub ci ntawm lub vaj.
Nws yog ntshaw uas yuav muaj li ob peb daim ntawv npaj tau, cua, thiab av tsis tuaj ze ntawm lub ntiaj teb. (tsis pub ze tshaj li ntawm 1.5-1 m).
Koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau av zoo nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw cog.
Nws yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj tsis sib xws (los ntawm acidity) loam, xuab zeb los yog xuab zeb.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub square square rau cog ntoo digging li ib qhov nrog ib qhov tob ntawm 40-60 cm thiab ib lub cheeb ntawm 50-60 cm.
Cov av tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum tsis txhob muab pov tseg. Nws yog tov nrog pob zeb hauv av thiab cov organic chiv (humus, humus) rau tom qab backfilling ntawm noob keeb kwm.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm cog ib tug seedling nyob rau hauv ib qhov teem teem vertically, straighten nws keeb kwm.
Tom qab sau lub qhov nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm av thiab fertilizer ze ntawm lub pob tw nyob rau hauv ib lub voos kheej ntawm 40-50 cm maj mam compacted txhua yam txhais tau tias ntawm tes.
Thawj thawj zaug tom qab cog qoob loo tsis pub tsawg tshaj 3 lub thoob ntawm txias dej txias.
Tom qab watering sagging nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm noo noo av Sprinkled nrog ib tug 2-ntim txheej ntawm mulch los ntawm sawdust thiab humus.
Thaum pruning yog feem ntau shortened liab qab ntawm lub crown.
Yog hais tias qhov no pruning yog neglected, ces tus naj npawb ntawm liab qab ceg yuav heev nce, uas yuav tas muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem ntawm cov tawm los ntawm cherries.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, ntau yam Dessert Morozova qha zoo tsis kam mus rau fungal kab mob.
Txawm li cas los nrog rau tus kab mob loj heev spores ntawm fungus Sossomusés hiemalis - lub causative tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob coccomicosis - Cherry no tej zaum yuav muaj qhov qhia tau tias kev ruaj ntseg rau qhov kev mob nkeeg no.
Nrog xws li ib tug kab mob, nplooj ntawm Cherry ntoo ua them nrog reddish me ntsis. Tsis ntev tom qab nplooj ntoos pib qhuav sai sai thiab ntog tawm ua ntej lub sijhawm. Qhov no ua rau qaug zog ntawm cov nroj tsuag, poob qhov peev xwm noj txhua zaus, thiab tuag ntxov ntxov.
Ib tug zoo tsis kam mus rau fungal kab mob qhia ntau yam Molodezhnaya, Morozovka, Nadezhda thiab Novella.
Yog hais tias tus khoom noj qab zib Cherry Morozova tseem tau mob, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau pib kho nws yam tsis tau poob sij hawm. Ua li no, tuav triple ntoo ua fungicides.
Thawj lub sij hawm qhov kev kho mob ua tiav ua ntej lub buds Bloom, lub thib ob lub sij hawm - nyob rau ntawm heev kawg ntawm flowering txheej txheem, thib peb lub sij hawm - 2-3 lub lis piam tom qab flowering lub sij hawm xaus.
Los ntawm nas uas tau ua kom puas bark nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab qis ceg ntawm Cherry yuav txuag lub wrapping ntawm qab ntawm tsob ntoo tshwj xeeb Mesh los yog tej yam khoom siv ntom ntu.
Raws li nws tsis yog yooj yim pom, cog, tu rau ntau yam kev cai, kab thiab kab mob kev tswj tsis txawv ntau los ntawm yuav ua li cas nws yog ua nrog rau lwm yam ntau yam ntawm cherries.
Tab sis tus tu vaj tsev yuav tsum tau ua tag nrho cov no kom tau txais ib yam khoom uas yog zoo hauv kev saj thiab noj qab nyob zoo.
