Grape hybrids "Daria", "Dasha" thiab "Dashunya" - qhov no tsis yog ib hom, hu ua txawv, tab sis tsuas yog npe!

Cov poj niam lub npe Dasha yog ib yam kab mob hauv cov zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov sib txuas ntawm tus me nyuam tus hlub ntawm tus tu vaj tsev thiab tus neeg uas tau tshoov siab nws muaj kev ntxim. Thiab nyob rau hauv catalogs ntawm grape ntau yam muaj cov lus samples hu ua "Daria, Dasha, Dashunya".

Nws yuav zoo li tias cov no yog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm tib lub npe, tab sis qhov tseeb lawv yog cov sib txawv kiag li ntau yam uas tsim los ntawm cov tib neeg sib txawv thiab hauv ntau thaj chaw, thiab tam sim no txawm lub teb chaws.

Me ntsis txog kev xaiv

Tsim kom muaj ntau yam tshiab ua ib qho kev paub txog kev tsim muaj kev ruaj ntseg yog qhov nyuaj thiab siv sij hawm ua lag luam.

Tom qab tag nrho, txhawm rau txiav txim xyuas cov ciaj ciam ntawm ntau yam tshiab, ib pab tag nrho ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb rau 15 xyoo los yog ntau dua, kev tshawb kawm thiab tshawb xyuas cov yeeb yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kab zauv, xaiv cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws rau cloning.

Tom qab ntawd los txog ntawm lub caij kuaj ntawm cov huab cua sib txawv.

Tsab ntawv nkag mus rau hauv lub vaj ntawm pib xyaum ua gardeners, leej twg tseem muab ib txhais tes los txhim kho ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm xaiv clones, thiab qee zaus los ntawm lawv tus kheej cov dag zog zoo dua nws cov noob pas.

Yog li, los ntawm cov sij hawm ntau yam tshiab sau npe hauv Lub Xeev Sau, ntau cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib tw yuav tshwm sim tau poob lawv qhov sib luag rau lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv.

Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntau yam tsuas yog tom qab nws nkag mus rau hauv lub Xeev Sau - daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshiab replenishment los ntawm winegrowers, thiab nws muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv hybrid rau decades nyob rau hauv ntau lub npe.

Nws tshwm sim nrog "Darya", uas tau txais lub neej nyob rau hauv xaiv laboratory ntawm VN Kraynov nyob rau hauv lub Kuban. Thaum nws tseem tsis tau txais qhov xwm txheej ntawm ntau yam, nyob ntawm qhov kev xeem, thiab yog nyob rau hauv feem ntau txais kev nkag siab txog ntawm daim ntawv sib tw.

Nthuav: Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hybridization, txhua yam bisexual ntau yam yuav xaiv tau raws li lub paternal daim ntawv, thiab maternal ib (tom qab lub castration ntawm stamens) yuav pollinated kom tau hybrid noob.

Ntawm cov hybrids, lub Jubilee ntawm Kherson Caij Ntuj Sov Caij Ntuj Sov, Korolek, Valery Voevoda thiab Gordey nrov nrov.

Pedigree "Darya"

Thaum tsim ib tug tshiab zoo qauv, Viktor Nikolaevich, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, daws qhov teeb meem ntawm txoj kev tsis haum mus rau qhov phem tshaj yeeb ncuab ntawm grapes - mildew thiab oidium.

Thiab nws cia siab rau ib qho kev cuam tshuam kev sib tw ua ke tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub chaw zov me nyuam tshwj xeeb VNIIViV - Kesh, uas, ntawm 4 xyoos ntawm kev hla, twb tau txais kev tiv thaiv rau fungal kab mob.

Lub ntiaj teb ntau yam Druzhba (cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm kev koom tes ntawm Novocherkassk thiab Bulgarian breeders) raug xaiv raws li tus lwm tus niam txiv, featuring tib cov nqi ntawm cov tsis kam mus rau fungal kab mob. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov kev zoo no los ntawm niam txiv "Daria" tau txais:

• los ntawm "Keshi": high yields nrog thaum ntxov ripening; impressive qhov loj ntawm txhuam thiab berries; exceptional saj ntawm nutmeg ntau yam (8-9 ntsiab lus); 5 zaug qhov feem pua ​​ntawm cov piam thaj rau cov kua qaub; kev thauj mus los thiab kev tees;
• los ntawm "Friendship": muaj zog loj hlob ntawm lub Bush thiab thaum ntxov maturation; neeg siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo (9.4 cov ntsiab lus), tsim nyog rau kev siv tshiab thiab tsim ua cov kab ntsa zoo; tsis kam mus rau Frost cia rau -23 ° C.

Ntau yam piav qhia

Qhov no daim ntawv hybrid muaj ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm lub Bush (txog li 2.5 meters) thiab yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm:

• thaum ntxov ripening (kom txog thaum Lub Yim Hli 20);
• kev tso tawm ntawm cov tsiaj tua muaj zog nrog fruiting 6-8 buds;
• tsaus ntsuab tsib-lobed nplooj nrog tob slits thiab ib tug jagged ntug;
• me me hermaphrodite paj ntawm lub teeb ntsuab xim, sau nyob rau hauv ib tug whisk; stamens - tus txiv neej ib feem ntawm lub paj, pistil - poj niam;
• loj berries nrog ib lub teeb ciab txheej, ntawm ib tug ntau loj me me (txog li 18gr.), amber xim (thaum tag nrho ripe), nrog 2-3 cov noob nyob rau hauv muaj kua pulp ntawm muscat qab;
• lub qab zib tsub zuj zus nyob rau hauv cov berries yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw txhua lub caij kom txog thaum puv ripening thiab ntau tshaj cov kua qaub feem ntau lub sij hawm;
• kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm saj nyob rau hauv lub tasting nplai - nruab nrab ntawm 8 thiab 9 ntsiab lus;
• hnyav txhuam (mus txog 1 kg) ntawm densely sau berries ntawm ib tug zuag ntawm medium loj, txawv los ntawm ib qho kev nthuav qhia neeg tsis ncaj;
• lub peculiarity ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis raug pea thiab cracking ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ripe berries, lawv zoo khaws cia (txog li 1 lub hlis) thiab zam kev thauj mus los;
• tsis kam mus fungal kab mob txog li 3 ntsiab lus;
• kam rau siab tsis txias rau -23oC.

Nthuav: Lub qab zib saj ntawm grapes - dawb, xim liab, dub - nyob ntawm tsis tsuas yog rau ntau yam, tab sis nyob rau hauv degree ntawm ripeness thiab qab zib tsub zuj zuj ntawm berries. Grapes grapes yeej ib txwm qab zib!

Marcelo, Delight Muscat, Ntev-awaited thiab Aleshenkin Dar yuav khav nrog ntshav qab zib tsawg.

Diam duab

Diam duab nplooj "Daria":

Pib video ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Daria":

//youtu.be/cL_x3cCnmbg

Hybrid "Dasha" - cov txheeb ze los yog tus hluas nkauj?

Feem ntau yuav yog - ib tug phooj ywg. Txij li thaum lub hybrid raug tsim los ntawm lub dag zog ntawm VNIIViV im.Potapenko ua ke nrog Zaporizhzhya breeders. Yog li ntawd, lub hauv paus ntawm lub khub niam txiv tau txais lub rooj ntau yam khoom plig Zaporozhye, muaj raws li ib tug "muab" cov nram qab no zoo:

• siab yield;
• nruab nrab kom loj hlob ntawm loj (txog li 1 kg) txhuam;
• ruaj tiv thaiv rau oidium thiab mildew;
• yooj yim saj ntawm ntsuab berries (20% qab zib cov ntsiab lus);
• Frost tsis kam nyob rau hauv - 24 ° C.

Dawb rooj ntau yam ntawm Arkady (Ukrainian xaiv) ua ib tug maternal nroj tsuag - vigorous thiab loj-fruited, tab sis nrog ib tug tsawg coefficient ntawm tsis kam mus rau decay, thiab tiv thaiv obligatory ntawm ib tug frost-yooj yim Bush thaum lub sij hawm lub caij txias.

Maternal lub txiaj ntsim ntawm ntau yam yog pom: Golden xim liab berries nrog nutmeg saj, sau nyob rau hauv haib li 2 kg grapes hnyav.

"Dashi" muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb creator - Vitaly Vladimirovich Zagorulko, Zaporozhye pib xyaum breeder uas pib nws sau nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub xeem tiam, uas sau ntau tshaj 30 tshiab hybrid cov ntaub ntawv ntawm grapes.

Nws txhais tes tseem yog Asya, Ruta, Vodogray thiab Viking.

Nthuav: Winegrowers muaj ib yam dab tsi los ua haujlwm rau: Cov ntaub ntawv teev lus sau tseg yog sau npe kawg ntawm lub xyoo dhau los hauv Chile - 9,500 g.

Ntaus ntawm hom no

1. Cov muaj hwj chim loj ntawm lub hav txwv yeem, nrog muaj zog tua.
2. Variation nyob rau hauv kom loj hlob: thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab.
3. Zoo heev yug me nyuam zoo ntawm rootstock thiab engraftment ntawm tua thaum lub sij hawm grafting.
4. Tsib tsib-lobcos nplooj nrog ib tus ntug dej.
5. Paj bisexual, sau nyob rau hauv inflorescences.
6. Ntab oval berry nrog pruine, tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib qho kev nyiam saj ntawm nutmeg ntau yam thiab 22% qab zib cov ntsiab lus.
7. Cov pawg yog cov loj, ntawm qhov nruab nrab, conical nyob rau hauv cov duab, rau ib tug luv comb.
8. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob twj ywm mus txog rau thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis.
9. Tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob - 2.5-3 ntsiab lus.
10. Tsis muaj chaw nkaum tshav kub mus rau-23oS.

Diam duab txiv hmab "Dasha":

Thiab yog leej twg "Dashunya"?

"Dashunya" nyob rau ntawm 30 hectare zaj lus zais ze Kiev.

Lub breeder los ntawm cov neeg uas tau nce lub nroj tsuag hauv nws lub vaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau nws tsev neeg, ua tus tsim ntawm no interspecific hybrid: rau saj, rau lub caij ntuj no hardiness, rau counteraction rau fungal kab mob.

Nws yog tam sim no, thaum nws seedlings mus deb tshaj li lub Volga, lawv pib hais tias: "Sau ntawm Nikolai Vishnevetsky." Zes qe qauv ntawm Vishnevetsky ".

Cov kiv cua pib nrhiav hauv Internet rau ib txoj hauv kev mus ntsib nrog tus kws sau ntawv kom tau nws lub zog. Ntau Nikolai Pavlovich teb nrog kev khuv xim tias nws yog tam sim no tsis yooj yim sua kom xa cuttings rau Russia, yog hais tias tsuas yog xa nws nrog ib lub sij hawm los yog khoom xa tuaj los ntawm tus kheej cov nqi - qhov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb.

Leej twg Nikolai Pavlovich tau xaiv ua Dashune niam txiv:

1. Kesh 1 - qhov no yog kev sib raug zoo nrog Daria!
2. Kishmish radiant. Qhov kev hla ntawm ob hom no muaj ib zaug uas tau ua nyob rau hauv VNIIVIV Novocherkassk ntau yam "Kesha radiant" nrog ib tug txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov noob nyob rau hauv cov Berry.
3. Rizamat (Uzbek xaiv) - rooj-raisin grapes nrog ib tug heev cov ntsiab lus ntawm fructose, thaum ntxov ripening thiab impressive yield - txog li 250 kg / Ha. Muaj tseeb tiag, tus niam txiv tsis zoo dua rau ob tug hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis muaj xim liab zoo nkauj ntawm cov pawg.

Twb tau koj tuaj yeem xav txog txhua yam zoo ntawm qhov tshiab-zoo li "Dashuni":

• zoo nkauj zoo nkauj xim txhuam hniav;
• fleshy txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm nutmeg saj;
• ntshaw siab mus rau fungal kab mob.

Nthuav: Siv cov piv txwv ntawm cov tau piav ntau yam, peb tuaj yeem pom deb npaum li cas lawv tau nce mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia. Tam sim no tus ciam ntawm lawv cov cheeb tsam yog: Kamennogorsk - Vologda - Yekaterinburg.

Video txog Dashun txiv hmab txiv ntoo:
//youtu.be/HKfAtCeH0BQ

Yam ntxwv

Cov nroj tsuag tsim nyog ua kom muaj zog (mus txog 3 meters) nrog muaj zog tua sai sai tau txais cov qauv ntoo:

• nquag noj hnub yog 2-3 xyoos, ua 115 hnub, uas yog thaum ntxov ntxov;
• nplooj yog cov loj, tsaus ntsuab nrog ntiav slits ntawm lub phaj; leathery ntsws ntws;
• ripening tua nrog lub zeem muag ntawm fruiting zoo (8 ob lub qhov muag);
• siab yields (cov ntaub ntawv raug teev tseg);
• lub berries muaj ib tug muaj kua pulp ntawm medium ntom nrog ib tug nounced nutmeg tsw; cov xim ntawm cov Berry yog xim liab, yuav luag liab nrog ib tug xuav Bloom;
• ib nrab hnyav nruab nrab conical pawg ncav cuag 1.5 kg nyob rau hauv qhov ceeb thawj, nrog qhov ceeb thawj ntawm txhua Berry 15gr;
• tsis kam mus oidium thiab mildew - 3 ntsiab lus;
• tshaj noo noo tsis lwj qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm berries;
• txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsim rau kev cia thiab kev thauj mus los yam tsis tau poob ntawm tus neeg siv khoom zoo;
• tsis muaj chaw, lub Bush muaj peev xwm ciaj sia lub caij ntuj no ntawm kub li tsawg li-23 ° C.

Lub peculiarity ntawm ntau yam yog lub paj ntawm lub cev-poj niam hom, nyob rau hauv uas sterile pollen yog pom nyob rau hauv underdeveloped stamens.

Xws li lub paj yuav tsum muaj kev tshwj xeeb pollination los ntawm cov neeg zej zog bisexual, muab hais tias lawv cov flowering ntev coincide.

Pollination nrog txhuam kuj tau. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no daim ntawv tshiab hybrid yog nqi nws rau breeders mus ua hauj lwm rau nws cov pollination feature.

Diam duab txiv hmab "Dashunya":

Ob leeg Dashi thiab Dashuni muaj ib txoj kev ntev ntawm kev paub ntau yam suab paj nruag ua ntej. Yog li ntawd, lawv, raws li hybrid cov ntaub ntawv, yog zoo siab cov lovers nrog lub sij hawm mus sim nrog lawv tus kheej, kom paub cov kev mob thiab ua rau cuam tshuam cov qoob loo, qhov saj ntawm lub berries.

Thiab nyob rau hauv no amateurish manipulation ntawm txhiab tus gardeners, ntuj xaiv yuav siv qhov chaw, ib tug tsis tshua muaj tsim nyog tsim nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ntau yam.

Tej zaum, nws tsis yog los ntawm lub caij nyoog uas txoj sia ntawm ib tug neeg coincides nrog lub neej ntawm ib tug hmab: ob qho tib si yuav nyob rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Ib tug neeg txuas rau cov txiv hmab, thiab kev tu txhua txhua hnub rau nws lub neej ntawm ob qho tib si.