Malbec yog hais txog qhov kev paub ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nws cov vine nrog txoj kev mus rau kev cog qoob loo muab cov khoom zoo heev los tsim kev velvety, nruj nreem, nplua nuj nplua nuj uas muaj peev xwm sib tw nrog kim kim dua Cabernet los yog Merlot.
Malbec ntau yam lus piav qhia
Rau qhov kev loj hlob ntawm bushes ntawm no vine yog yam ntxwv nruab nrab lub zog thiab zoo tua kev laus.
Nplooj:
- hloov puab, nruab nrab qhov loj (16 x 18 cm);
- nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug funnel;
- tsib- thiab peb-lobed;
- reticulate - ntsws ntsws;
- sib txawv ntawm qib siab.
Nplooj ntoos phaj yog du, me ntsis bubbly, nrog curved sawv nres. Txiav sab saum toj ntawm nplooj feem ntau qhib, tab sis cim thiab kaw nrog ib tug sib npaug hauv qab.
Tsawg tshaj qhov tob ntawm cov hauv qab ntawm daim ntawv no yeej qhib. Excavation ntawm lub qia yog vaulted los yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub lyre, qhib dav.
Daim ntawv yog bordered nrog me vias ntawm cov vias me me. Qhov qis sab ntawm nplooj ntoos hniav muaj ib qho me ntsis muaj cov quav hniav. Lub nplooj ntoos stalk yog nyias, luv luv, pinkish nyob rau hauv cov xim.
Tus kheej fertilization yog tsis zoo txaus, tab sis lub paj yog bisexual.
Moldova, Suav ntawm Monte Cristo thiab Galben Nou yog qhov txawv ntawm ob lub ntsej muag.
Pawg conical, xoob los yog sredneplotnye nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 8 x 12 cm.
Berries puag ncig, tsaus liab doog, yuav luag dub nyob rau hauv cov xim, xis nyob hauv qhov loj ntawm 14 mus rau 18 hli. Cov tev tau qhov nruab nrab lub zog thiab qhov ceev, muaj ib co txheej txheem uas muaj cov txheej txheem. Lub pulp ntawm berries yog fleshy, muaj kua, melting.
Malbec - thaum ntxov grapes. Lub sij hawm ntawm blooming buds rau tshem tawm kom txhij yog 140 - 145 hnub. Lub buds pib Bloom nyob rau hauv ob xyoo caum plaub hlis ntuj.
Thaum ntxov maturation kuj muaj xws li Transformation, Proud thiab Elegant.
Diam duab
Mus saib Malbec txiv hmab hauv duab hauv qab no:
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Lub chaw yug ntawm Malbec - qab teb Fabkis, Cahors cheeb tsam. Ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo no kuj muaj nyob hauv cov npe Auxerrois, Noir tsib Presac, Medoc Noir, Quercy, Cat, Cahors. Malbec yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm hybridization ntau yam Montpellier thiab Yawg.
Raws li lwm daim ntawv, tus hmab tau coj tuaj rau Fabkis los ntawm Hungary los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo vines Malbec.
Keeb kwm nkag mus rau saum tsib Bordeaux grape ntau yam, Malbec, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsis sib tw nrog lawv vim nws cov qis tsis haum, climatic demands, tsis ruaj tsis raug vim cov nyiam ntawm paj kom poob, thiab raws li kis tau tus kab mob.
Hauv cov huab cua kub kub ntawm lub teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas, uas Malbec tau muab cog rau txij li thaum xyoo 19th, qhov ntau yam pov thawj los ua cov cim zoo:
- tawm los 4-6 tons ib hectare;
- fruiting ratio 1.5-1.6 (siab);
- acidity kom muaj suab thaj 0,7% / 28%;
Tam sim no Malbec hlob nyob rau hauv Argentina, USA, Chile, Fabkis, Australia, New Zealand. Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov no ntau yam kev nkag tau rau hauv tus qauv assortment ntawm agroclimatic subregions IB thiab IIA Crimea (Alushta, Saki, Evpatoria cov cheeb tsam).
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Qhov feem ntau susceptible vine rau kab mob anthracnose, mildew thiab grey pwm.
Causative tus neeg sawv cev anthracnoselos yog me me, yog ib qho tsis zoo fungus, tsis muaj chlorophyll, tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm photosynthesis thiab pub on organic sib txuas ua ke los ntawm cov txiv hmab.
Tus kab mob feem ntau yog tsim nrog qhov pib ntawm lub caij loj hlob thiab cuam tshuam tag nrho cov seem ntsuab ntawm vine.
Qhov teeb meem ntawm me me yog tsis tsuas yog hais tias nws muaj peev xwm ua puas ib feem ntawm qoob loo thiab ua rau oppression ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm vine.
Kev tua cov ntaub so ntswg, uas raug cuam tshuam los ntawm anthracnose, tsis ua kom tau txais kev pabcuam thiab dej rau nplooj. Qhov no ua rau lub zog evaporation ntawm cov dej los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub vine.
Tag nrho cov no ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv Frost thiab drought tsis kam, uas tom qab txo lub tsim tau ntawm vine.
Los tiv thaiv cov txiv hmab ntawm anthracnose nqa tawm txoj kev ntsuas agrotechnical.
- Tom qab xa me nyuam mus rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg los yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej Bud breaks, lub grapes yog sprayed nrog prophylaxis rau prophylactic lub hom phiaj DNOC los yog nitrofen. Thaum lub caij loj hlob tuaj fungicides:
- 1% Bordeaux kua;
- 0.4% ntawm tsev homein, polycarbocin, polychomy, mical.
- Yuav kom txo tau cov kab mob infectious ntawm tus kab mob, pruning vines raug muab tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm pruning thiab hlawv.
- Thaum npaj vines rau seedlings, qhov cuam tshuam cuttings yog ua tib zoo pov tseg thiab hlawv.
- Ua ntej khaws cia, qhov cuttings yog disinfected nrog ib tug daws chinosola.
- Tshiab vineyards yuav tsum tau pw nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam siab, tsis txhob muaj chaw nrog ntiav av: nyob rau hauv high humidity, theem ntawm fungus los ntawm lub xeev ntawm so dhau mus rau loj sporification thiab kis tau ntawm bushes.
Qhov kab mob phem tshaj plaws yog qhov mildewlos yog downy mildew. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug nceb uas ntim rau hauv ib lub vine xwb.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nrog ib tug ntau ntawm nag lossis daus, poob los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm vineyard los ntawm mildew nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas yuav ntau tshaj 50%.
Mildew cuam tshuam tag nrho cov ntsuab txiv hmab hauv nruab nrog cev. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm biosynthesis nyob rau hauv ib tug nroj tsuag ua rau
- pluag ripening ntawm tua;
- weakening lub vine;
- txo tsis kam mus rau qhov tsis txias;
- txo cov txheej txheem qab zib thiab nce acidity ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob mob mildew yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub complex:
- nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom muaj vineyard nyob rau yav qab teb qhov chaw ywj pheej nrog cua cua qhov cua, muaj kab nyob rau hauv cov kev coj ntawm lub prevailing cua;
- nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm mus nqa tawm tag nrho cov kev ua ub ua cuam tshuam rau cultivation ntawm grapes - garter, khib nyiab, pasynkovanie, minting, xoob lub av, irrigation, weeding;
- thov foliar khoom noj khoom haus nrog microelements nyob rau hauv 0.01 - 0.02% concentration, thov chiv;
- nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov kom siv li 5 - 7 kev kho mob nrog fungicides (1% Bordeaux kua, mical, arceride, polihom, Rydomil), nrog nrog cyclic sprays;
- nrog ib tug ntev ntawm tua ntawm 25 - 30 cm;
- ua ntej flowering;
- nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm flowering;
- tom qab - nyob ntawm seb cov huab cua puag li cas.
Thaum lub sij hawm flowering, txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kho nrog tshuaj tua kab, raws li cov tshuaj yog lom rau pollen thiab adversely cuam tshuam rau txheej ntawm bunches.
Yog vim li cas grey rot yog ib qho tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob hu ua fungus-parasite. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm ntau tshaj li qhov tsawg ntawm nag lossis daus, ripening thiab ripe berries yog tshwj xeeb raug, raws li los ntawm rotting ntawm pawg.
Yuav kom txo qhov txaus ntshai ntawm qoob loo poob ntawm rot, koj yuav tsum:
- ua raws li lub caij nyoog thiab kev caum;
- tshem sterile tua;
- thov txau fungicides.
Rau kab mob oidiumtshwm sim los ntawm marsupials, Malbec yog haum ruaj khov.
Tsis tas peb yuav tsum tsis quav ntsej tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob bacteriosis, chlorosis, kab mob cancer, rubella.
Ntau tshaj li 800 hom mob paub ntawm vine. tsiaj kab tsuag, feem ntau yog cov kab tsuag.
Phylloxera (ib kab los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim qis aphids) - qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai quarantine Kab, muaj paus, winged, qhov chaw mos thiab cov nplooj ntoos.
Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm aphids yog pom on rootstock ntau yam thiab ib co gall-sib sau ntau yam ntawm grape hybrids.
Tshuaj ua kom tsis raug mob tsom tom deterrence ntawm kab tsuag tsiv rau cov chaw tsis muaj kab mob:
- grape cog cov khoom yog ua tiav ntub dej (lim deev nrog HCHs emulsion los yog rho tawm)txawm tias ua li cas fumigation siv methyl bromide.
- ua liaj ua teb cov tswv yim ntawm paus grapes on Sandy xau thiab grafted rau lwm hom av tiv thaiv lub yeej ntawm vines phylloxera.
Lub sib ntaus nrog nplooj ntoos daim nplooj siv tshuaj tua kab haum tsuas rau huab tais Tshuag keeb kwm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txau tshuaj yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob theem:
- thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm pob tawg (tawm tsam cov neeg khom neeg);
- thaum 9-12 nplooj tawm tshwm (tawm tsam larvae ntawm thawj tiam).
Nrog lub cim nruab nrab Malbec tsis kam grapevine leafworm nws tseem yuav tsum muaj caij nyoog thiab muaj ntaub ntawv thov kev tiv thaiv ntsuas los ntawm no Kab Tsuag.
Txau lub Vineyard nrog Insecticides (kev txiav txim siab, kev sib txuas lus, kev sib tw) thiab siv biologics (lepidotsid, dendrobatsillin, actofit) muab cov nyhuv zoo rau thaum kho cov kev kho mob:
- thaum pib ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj tiam ntawm Lypertis caterpillars;
- 10 hnub tom qab kho thawj zaug;
- nrog rau thaum pib ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ob tiam ntawm caterpillars.
Ntawm mechanical tiv thaiv grapes los ntawm moth pom zoo sau thiab rhuav pov ntawm pawg uas puas.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm nrog lwm hom leafworms, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab biennial, yog tib yam li tawm tsam lub grapesseed.
Ripening berries Malbec nrog lawv cov tawv nqaij nyias nkawj.
Cov pa tawg foob pob, tshuaj tsuag tshuaj thiab daws zoo rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab tsuag hauv zes. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob impair yav tom ntej sau, siv cuab, ntim nrog qhov thiab kab nuv ntses sab hauv.
Ua ke nrog cov khoom tsim ua (piv txwv li, Wt 202, Argus Garden ntxiab hnab), koj tuaj yeem siv raws li tus nqi pheej yig thiab pheej yig version lub hwj yas li niaj zaus nrog txiav tawm.
Lub plhaw pob txha tau muab tso rau hauv lub cev, muaj yav tas los tso rau ib qho chaw rau hauv qab - cov khoom muaj protein ntau los yog carbohydrates (tej daim nqaij los yog cov kua qab zib).
Nrog thaj chaw me me ntawm lub vaj tsev kho mob, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov phom tau los ntawm lawv "npog" ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg zoo (tulle, ib txheej nkos) nrog nruj nruj kawg.
Tib yam "npog" yuav raug siv raws li Ib txoj kev los tiv tauj cov noog nto qaub vog. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, cov noog sai sai ua rau txhua hom kev sib tua - tsom iav, cov tsiaj txhu, cov khoom ntais - thiab tsis teb rau lawv.
Ib tug zoo tshwm sim rau preservation ntawm grapes los ntawm ntxeem tau ntawm cov noog kuj tseem muab:
- stretched nyob rau hauv 2-3 kab nruab nrab ntawm lub xaim, uas grapes raug khi, nuv ntses kab los yog tawv xov;
- Npaj kev nyom nrog ib nplua-mesh nuv ntses los yog daim ntaub mesh.
Kawm mus rau lub tswv yim rau cultivation ntawm no grape ntau yam, Malbec, txawm nws ib co climatic av whimsicalness, yuav siv tau rau tau txais cov dej caw, nrog velvety nqus saj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntxoov thiab ci aroma.
Ntawm cov caw ntau yam kuj yog nrov Rkatsiteli, Krasny, Montepulciano thiab Red Delight.
