Ntau pear Tonkovka yog ib tug high-yielding Lavxias teb sab ancient.
Los ntawm ib tsob ntoo tuaj mus txog 300 kilograms txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Pear Tonkovetka muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv khov mus txog li 60 degrees Celsius, ntxiv kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam thiab yees duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cov pears hais txog dab tsi?
Qib pear Tonkovetka tau txais nws lub npe ua tsaug rau nyias stalks. Ntau yam hais txog thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov fruiting.
Lub caij ntuj sov tseem muaj xws li: Limonka, Orel Lub caij sov, Victoria, Rogneda thiab Lel.
Nws tsis haum rau kev siv ntau hauv cov khoom tsim vim cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm cov khib nyiab.
Vim yog muaj zog tartav thiab acid tsis txhob noj tshiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws raug pom zoo kom nqa tawm kev kho cua kub - siv nyob rau hauv qhuav los yog nyob rau hauv kev txuag.
Vim nws lub hauv paus pib, dav siv nyob rau hauv tsev npau taws.
Siv rau kev ua jams, jams, jelly. Pear Tonkovetka tsis muaj calorie ntau yam. Ib 100 grams cov khoom txheeb rau 42 kcal.
Nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog tseem ceeb. Muaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg Ntau tus bioactive tshuaj.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Lub Tonkovetka ntau yam yog ib tug ancient Lavxias ntau yam, tau los ntawm lub teb chaws hybridization. Qhov ntau tau nrov txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua paub. Nruab nrab thoob plaws lub teb chaws - Lower Volga, Adygei, Western, Ural thiab Volga-Vyatka regions.
Faib nyob rau hauv Siberia thiab sab qaum teb ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus siv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation - mus rau Moscow, Veliky Novgorod thiab Kostroma.
Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub caij ntuj sov thiab nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj qus tso tseg teb Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Estonia, Kazakhstan.
Ntau qib: Krasnobochka.
Tsaug rau nws yav tom ntej lub caij ntuj no hardinessQhov ntau yam no feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv hybridization raws li ib tug pub.
Tsaug rau "Tonkovetka", nyob rau hauv 1936, pear ntau yam yog bred "Elegant Efimova"hu ua tom qab sau V. A. Efimov.
Mus rau lub caij ntuj no-Hardy ntau yam tseem: Nyob rau hauv nco ntawm Zhegalov, Krasnobkaya, Carmen, Noyabrskaya thiab Autumn Yakovlev.
Qhia ntau yam Tonkovetka
Xav txog qhov txawv ntawm tsob ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tsob Ntoo
Cov ntoo loj-scale, nrog kev loj hlob muaj zog. Siab, ncav cuag ib qhov siab ntawm ntau tshaj 6 meters. Lawv muaj ib lub koob rau hauv daim duab ntawm lub hauv pyramid. Stems yog nyias heev.
Tua xim av nrog ib qho chaw ntxoov ntxoo amber. Chechevichek ntau tus naj npawb. Nyob rau hauv cov duab curved, elongated, loj ci ntxoov ntxoo. Yield tshwm sim rau qia kolchatka.
Nplooj me, emerald ntxoov. Qhov chaw ntawm nplooj yog tsawg heev. Nplooj ntoos phaj oblate los yog curved, nrog ib tug tus saum npoo, yam uas tsis muaj tuberosity.
Lub cev muaj plab nyom muaj khawm me ntsis. Qhov ntxeev ntawm nplooj pom muaj luv taw tes. Nyeg nyias, elongated, daj ntseg liab.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog me me, nyob hauv qhov hnyav ncav tsis tshaj 50-60 gram. Nqa ib hom pear classic.
Los ntawm xim amber-emerald los yog lub teeb amber. On lub hnub ci, zoo ripened sab, muaj ib tug me me maroon flush.
Lub qia yog dav, elongated, arcuate. Funnels ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau yam yog tsis. Lub khob tau kaw thiab qhib daim ntawv. Tus phom yog yam me.
Seed zes yog me me, elongated. Cov noob yog elongated, xim av ntxoov ntxoo.
Pulp beige ntxoov ntxoo, tawv, qhuav, tart, qaub, nrog ib tug me ntsis Sweet nyob rau hauv lub saj. Qhov zoo ntawm pulp yog nruab nrab.
Anthers thiab stigmas yog nyob tib theem. Pestles yog khoob, dawb.
Diam duab
Yam ntxwv
Kho cov khoom nws tus kheej-fertile ntau yam.
Tab sis kom nce yields, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau siv pollinators. Zoo suited "Bergamot Autumn" thiab "Bessemyanka."
Tsob ntoo tuaj los ntawm 8 los yog 11 xyoo ntawm lub neej. Tawm ruaj, heev.
Siab yields kuj boast: Duchess, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Bere Bosk thiab Bere Russkaya.
Harvesting mus nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub yim hli ntuj. Los ntawm ib tsob ntoo tuaj ntawm 250 txog 300 kilograms.
Nyob rau ceg ntawm pears yog taag tsis zoo. Fruit precipitation yog loj heev. Qhov ntau yam yog drought resistant.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov ntoo ntawm no ntau yam tsis yuav tsum tau vaj tse rau lub caij ntuj no. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws Frost tsis kam, tag nrho cov pear ntau yam ntawm Siberia thiab lub hauv paus ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yog superior.
Frost kuj yog siab heev. Cov ntoo ntawm no ntau yam tuaj yeem tiv tau khaub thuas kom txias dua 60 degrees Celsius.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Cov av tsis xav tau. Loj hlob on vezy, dub lub ntiaj teb, xuab zeb thiab kua xau. Propagated los ntawm seedlings, cuttings thiab grafts.
Hauv av ze ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum khaws cia kom zoo. Rau qhov no haum ruaj watering, mulching nrog cov ntaub ntawv organic - humus, peat los yog peat compost.
On ntoo trunks ib ncig ntawm ntoo, npaj mulch yog pw nyob rau hauv ib tug me me txheej ntawm 7 centimeters.
Rau ib square meter, qhov noj ntawm humus, peat compost los yog peat ranges los ntawm 20 mus rau 25 kilograms.
Thaum watering on ib tsob ntoo nplooj ntawm 30 mus rau 50 litres dej sov sov.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Nyob rau hauv rainy xyoo nws yog ib feem ntau cuam tshuam rau //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html. Scab slows qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tua. Poob qe menyuam thiab cuam tshuam nplooj. Tus neeg saib xyuas neeg mob yog qhov ua rau Dothideales Mushroom. Yog li ntawd Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau nqa tawm kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob ntawm lub yas
Thaum lub sij hawm blooming ntawm ob lub raum, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ntau noo noo, lawv tsim Txau nrog 3% Bordeaux sib tov.Thaum tsim buds thiab ntawm qhov peb ua tom qab flowering, siv yeeb tshuaj "Topaz" thiab "Horus".
Thaum kis tau tus ntoo nrog scab, koj yuav tsum tuav pruning crown. Tag nrho cov cuam tshuam nplooj thiab tua raug muab tshem tawm. Rau lawv cov kev puas tsuaj tag, lub fungus Dothideales hlawv nyob rau hauv hluav taws los yog nqa mus rau ib tug muaj kev nyab xeeb deb ntawm lub fruitful plantations.
Ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj ntawm pear yog nqa tawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob hlawv thiab xeb.
Txawm li ntawd los, muaj ntau yam resistant mus rau cov kab mob, piv txwv li, Rossoshanskaya Dessert, Lira, Perun, Moskvichka thiab Thumbelina.
Xaus Ntau ntawm pear Tonkovetka yog hais txog thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov fruiting.
Vim nws cov keeb kwm yav dhau los, nws yog siv los ua hauv cov pob hauv tsev.
Yog high-yielding ntau yam nrog ntau fruiting txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis nrog ib tug nruab nrab zoo ntawm pulp.
Los ntawm nws Frost tsis kam surpasses tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm pears. Nyob rau hauv rainy xyoo lub scab yog heev ntau cuam tshuam.
