Merino yaj yog nto moo rau lawv lub cev zoo. Nws yog nyias nyias thiab muag muag, dhau li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm tiv tau lub ntsuas kub loj thiab muaj cov kab mob tua kab mob. Nws yog los ntawm cov ntaub plaub uas thermal cov khaub ncaws ua rau kev ua si sab nraum, lub caij ntuj no tua tsiaj thiab nuv ntses, vim hais tias ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm xis nyob hauv lawv thaum kub ntawm + 10 rau -30 ° C.
Cia peb sim paub seb qhov twg yog qhov txawv ntawm lub tshav puam merino, thiab paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov yaj no.
Cov tswvyim ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txawv ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm yug ntawm cov yaj ntawm merino. Qee qhov chaw hais tias qhov no yug tau yug nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Asia. Kev pom zoo ntawm qhov no - cov duab qub ntawm cov duab ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab cov seem ntawm cov yaj pom nyob hauv cov qhov ntxa. Lwm lub tswv yim yog tias nplua-fleeced merino yog ib tug nyob ntawm Spain. Qhov no yug yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua paub. Thiab txij li thaum tom qab ntawm yug me nyuam tau raug pom los ntawm yaj breeders los ntawm yuav luag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no, ib tug loj pes tsawg tus subspecies tau tsim.
Koj puas paub? Tshem tawm ntawm merino los ntawm Spain tsis yog ib qho yooj yim ua hauj lwm, vim tias txawm tias thauj yaj ywm thoob plaws hauv ciam teb ntawm lub xeev tau raug nplua ntawm txoj kev tuag. Lub British smuggled yaj.
Cov neeg Australians tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsim loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntau tshaj lij. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Australia, qhov twg muaj ntau heev fertile tej yam kev mob, hais tias merino wool raug tsim nyob rau ib qho kev lag luam. Thiab rau hnub no, lub tebchaws no thiab New Zealand tseem nyob ntiaj teb cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm merino ntaub plaub.
Australian merino
Lub hauv paus rau yug me nyuam Australian Merino yug yog yaj, exported los ntawm teb chaws Europe. Thaum lub sij hawm sim, Australians hla lawv nrog American vermont thiab Fabkis rambulae. Yog li ntawd, peb tau txais peb hom: kev cai, qhov nruab nrab thiab muaj zog, uas txawv hauv qhov hnyav thiab muaj qhov tsis muaj / tawv nqaij ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov nram qab no cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub plaub nyob rau txhua hom:
- siab hygroscopicity (absorbs txog 33% ntawm nws lub ntim);
- lub zog;
- theem siab ntawm thermoregulation;
- hnav ua haujlwm;
- elasticity;
- hypoallergenic;
- breathable zog;
- antibacterial cov nyhuv;
- medicinal thaj chaw.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Merino wool tau kho thaj chaw. Nws qhov kev sov siab tau pom zoo rau mob caj dab, mob radiculitis, mob hauv qaum thiab pob qij txha. Nyob rau lub sij hawm qub, nws tau los ntawm lub txaj rau cov neeg mob hnyav thiab cov me nyuam yug me nyuam ntxov.
Lub tsos nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj Australian yaj yog xim dawb. Fiber ntev - 65-90 hli. Merino wool yog muag, ntxiag mus so. Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib tug neeg laus ram yog txog li 60-80 kg, lub ewes yog 40-50 kg.
Xaiv tsa
Tus sau phau ntawv ntawm lub yug yog cov neeg xaiv tsa Spanish breeders. Tom qab, cov Germans pib yug nws. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm cov yaj tau heev cov plaub mos mos thiab luv luv (txog li 4 cm), as Well as lub teeb yuag (txog 25 kg).
Koj puas paub? Wool ntawm merino ntawm lwm subspecies yog 5 zaug thinner dua tib neeg plaub hau (15-25 microns). Cov yaj xaiv cov yaj yog 8 zaug thinner.
Txawm li cas los Spanish merino tau ua siab mos siab muag, tsis kam ua kom sov thiab kub me ntsis.
Negretti
Raws li ib qho ntawm cov experiments ntawm German sheep breeders, Negretti yaj nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm daim tawv nqaij folds tau yug los. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov haiv neeg Germans yog ua kom tiav cov plaub hau loj tshaj. Tseeb tiag, Negretti cov plaub hau tau nce mus rau 3-4 kg los ntawm ib tug yaj, tab sis qhov zoo ntawm lub fibers yog heev cuam tshuam, raws li yog cov nqaij tsim tau.
Rambouillet
Txij li cov neeg cog qoob loos yug ua neeg nrov nrov, nws tsis tau sawv thiab tau tsim txhua lub sijhawm. Cov tswv teb yaj ntawm cov teb chaws uas nws tau tsim tshwj xeeb yog tau sim muab cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv cheeb tsam. Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua thib kaum, tus Fabkis pib yug me nyuam merino ramboule. Cov tsiaj qus ntawm Fabkis yaj txawv hauv loj loj (txog li 80-95 kg ntawm qhov hnyav), loj cov plaub hau txiav (4-5 kg), cov ntaub ntawv nqaij thiab muaj zog tsim. 
Koj puas paub? Rau ib sheare los ntawm ib tug yaj tau txais ib fleece txaus kom muaj nuj nqis rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm kwv yees li ib daig pam los yog tsib qho khaub ncaws.
Tom qab ramboule tau siv rau xaiv ntawm lub Soviet merino.
Mazaevsky merino
Mazaevskaya yug yog bred nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua thib kaum los ntawm Lavxias teb sab yaj yawg Mazaevs. Nws tau pib thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam steppe ntawm North Caucasus. Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm siab nastriga (5-6 kg) thiab ntev plaub hau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tib neeg lub cev tsim ua ke, lawv cov khoom tsim txiaj thiab viability raug kev txom nyem, yog li ntawd lawv tau sai sai tso tseg.
Novokavkaztsy
Novokavkaz yug, bred raws li ib tug ntawm mazaev hla-qe thiab ramboule, yuav tsum kho cov defects ntawm Mazaev merinoes. Lub rams ntawm no yug tau ua ntau tougher, ntau tsim. Nkawd lub cev tau qis dua, tab sis lub tsho ntev tau luv me ntsis. Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov neeg laus yaj tuaj txog 55-65 kg, ewes - 40-45 kg. Lub xyoo trim yog 6-9 kg.
Soviet merino
Lub motto ntawm lub Soviet neeg "sai dua, siab dua, muaj zog" yog embodied txawm nyob rau hauv yaj yug me nyuam. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig-qe ntawm Novokavkaztsy nrog yaj los ntawm cov tswv teb yaj ntawm lub Soviet Union yog nyuaj thiab loj yaj nrog ib tug zoo tsim, uas hu ua Soviet sab hnub tuaj. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov rams ntawm no subspecies hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yuag yog kaw - 147 kg. Qhov nruab nrab, cov neeg laus ncav cuag 96-122 kg.
Lub wool ntawm cov merinoes yog ntev (60-80 hli), ib-xyoo sheared yog 10-12 kg. Yaj muaj high fertility. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov subspecies no yog lub hauv paus rau kev cog qoob loo ntau ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj txhu zoo (Ascanian, Salsk, Altai, Grozny, Mountainous Azerbaijan).
Grozny merino
Bred hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xeem xyoo pua hauv Dagestan. Nyob rau hauv tsos zoo li lub Australian merino. Qhov loj ntawm Grozny merino yog wool: tuab, hnyav, mos nyias thiab ntev heev (txog li 10 cm). Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau thiab zoo ntawm nastriga, no subspecies yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Mature ram muab 17 kg ntawm fleece ib xyoo, yaj - 7 kg. Qhov hnyav ntawm "Grozny cov neeg nyob" yog qhov nruab nrab: 70-90 kg.
Altai merino
Vim tias cov yaj tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tsis tau cov kev mob hnyav nyob hauv Siberia, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos ntev ntev (txog 20 xyoo) tau sim coj cov yaj tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kev nyab xeeb no. Raws li ib qho kev sib tshuam ntawm txoj kev sib sib zog nqus Siberian nrog Fabkis rambulae thiab ib nrab nrog Grozny thiab Caucasian breeds, lub Altai merino tshwm. Cov no yog cov muaj zog, loj rams (txog li 100 kg), nrog ib tug zoo tawm los ntawm ntaub plaub (9-10 kg) 6.5-7.5 cm ntev.
Askanian Merino
Ascanian merino los yog, raws li lawv tau raug hu ua, Ascanian ramboule yog lees paub tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws yug tsiaj txhu zoo nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Muab nws rau hauv Asancia-Nova hauv xyoo 1925-34. Cov khoom rau lawv cov yug me nyuam ua haujlwm hauv zos Ukrainian merino. Txhawm rau txhim kho lawv lub cev thiab nce cov ntaub ntawm cov ntaub plaub, Academician Mikhail Ivanov hla lawv nrog lub ramboule coj los ntawm lub teb chaws USA. Lub dag zog ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua tus loj tshaj plaws merino, ncav 150 kg nrog txhua xyoo daig trimming 10 kg los yog ntau tshaj. 
Hnub no, qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm breeders, tsom rau nce lub grease ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab kev txhim kho cov zoo yam ntxwv ntawm ntaub plaub, tseem.
