Cov qos yaj ywm ntau "Ramona" yog ib lub sij hawm kuaj, zoo-tsim ntau yam ntawm Dutch xaiv.
Xa mus rau Russia nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 90s ntawm lub xeem tiam, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab pib xyaum ua qos growers twb fond ntawm saj, zoo heev preservation thiab tshwm sim tsos ntawm tubers.
Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb tau sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov no qos - ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam thiab nws cov yam ntxwv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog agrotechnics, ib tug nyiam mus rau cov kab mob thiab tua los ntawm pests.
Cov lus qhia dav dav
Hom tshuaj ntau yam "Ramona" ("Romano") Dutch noob tuam txhab AGRICO.
Nyob rau hauv 1994, ntau yam "Ramona" tau txais code # 9552996 nyob rau hauv lub xeev Register ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federationmuab txoj cai muag cov noob rau hauv lub tebchaws. Pom zoo rau cultivation hauv Central, Volga-Vyatka, Tej thaj tsam Southern, nyob hauv thaj av Perm, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj deb.
Qos yaj ywm "Ramona": piav qhia ntawm ntau yam, yees duab
"Ramona" mid-lub caij nyoog ntau yam. Cov qoob loo ntawm cov khoom lag luam loj los ntawm kev lag luam 80-100 hnub tom qab tsaws. Nrog rau saum toj kawg nkaus tshwm sim ntawm 115-130 hnub.
Cov ripening cov ntsiab lus nyob ntawm seb zoo ntawm cog cov khoom, climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm cultivated cheeb tsam.
Lub Bush yog erect, sprawling thiab siab. Ceev nrooj tsim. Lub luag haujlwm yog siab. Stems yog nruab nrab-siab. Cov paj yog xim liab lossis lub teeb liab. Corolla reddish-liab doog, medium-qhov loj qhov me.
Lub teeb liab tubers ntawm qhov tseeb sib npaug oval daim ntawv, loj thiab nruab nrab loj. Qhov nruab nrab hnyav ntawm ib tuber yog 70-90 g. Ib Bush nqa 16-20 qos yaj ywm, nrog ib tug tag nrho hnyav ntawm 7-8 kg. Cov khoom muaj nqi 90-94%.
Ntom, muaj zog tev ntawm lub teeb liab xim. Nrog rau me ntsis ntawm nag lossis daus, nws ua ib qho ntxoov ntxoo. Lub qhov muag yog immersed nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tuber mus rau nruab nrab tob. Qhov muag yog me me. Cov nqaij yog dawb nrog ib tug creamy tinge, tuab qauv.
Cov qos yaj ywm ntau "Ramona" yog sawv cev ntawm cov duab no:
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam
Xav paub ntau yam ntawm cov qos yaj ywm ntau "Ramona":
- Teem caij ntau yam ntawm qos yaj ywm "Ramona" lub rooj. Versatile nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus. Cov nqaij yog friable, tsis darkening tom qab ci, boiling, roasting. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm saj hauv qhov Registry yog 4.6-4.7 cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ntsuas tsib-point.
- Cov txheej txheem qhuav yog siab 16-18%.
- Cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub qos ntau yam "Romana" starch tshaj lub cai - 14-17%.
- Cov kawm ntawv qib siab kom zoo. Ntev tsis germinate thaum lub sij hawm cia. Cov ntaub ntawv 6-8 tua.
- Tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau thaum tu, kev thauj mus los, cia.
Nyeem ntxiv txog lub sij hawm thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm cia ntawm qos yaj ywm, txog cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim. Thiab kuj hais txog yuav ua li cas cia cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv lub khw zaub, nyob rau hauv lub apartment thiab cellar, nyob rau lawj thiab nyob rau hauv lub thawv, nyob rau hauv lub tub yees thiab peeled.
Tus nqi thiab qhov tsis zoo
Differs nyob rau hauv ib qho zoo tshaj plaws luam tiab, txiv hmab txiv ntoo uniformity. Undemanding mus rau av muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws tolerates drought. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb, ntau "Ramona" muaj peev xwm ua cov qoob loo ob zaug. Haum rau kev npaj ntawm cov semi-tiav cov khoom, daim tawv nyias, Fabkis txoj kev fries.
Qhov tsis zoo kuj muaj xws li qeeb pib tsim ntawm tubers thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
- Susceptible rau lub qos qos nematode.
- Kev tiv thaiv rau qos cancer.
- Heev ua hauj siab tiv thaiv kab mob A, nplooj ntoo sib tw.
- Tiv thaiv kom tus kab mob Yn.
- Nruab nrab tsis kam mus rau phytophthora ntawm tubers, fusarium.
- Weakly resistant rau nplooj ntoos kab mob curl, ntau scab.
Nyeem ntxiv txog qos yaj ywm blight, Alternaria, verticillary wilt.
Qos yaj ywm yog resistant mus rau Colorado qos beetle thiab nws larvae, tsis tau tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv tawm tsam lawv.
Nta agrotehnika
Zoo li feem ntau Dutch ntau yam, nquag ua kom degenerationyog li ntawd, cov khoom noob tuaj yeem kho tshiab.
Nrog ib daim ntawv thov kev ywj pheej ntawm kev npaj ntawm cog tubers thaum lub sij hawm flowering, lawv pom tias muaj zog tshaj, tshaj flowering bushes. Qhov noj ntawm noob tubers nyob rau hauv 35-55 mm feem rau cog ib hectare yog 50,000 units.
Ua ntej cog, lub tubers yog germinated, kis tawm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sov so rau 3-4 lub lim piam. Tag nrho cov tubers yuav tsum uniformly lit tsawg kawg 8 teev ib hnub twg. Hauv tsev tswj cov qhov zoo ntawm cov av noo ntawm 85-90%.
Loj tubers yog txiav mus rau daim nrog ib tug ntse riam dipped nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws muaj zog ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate hnub ua ntej cog. Cog khoom yog xaiv nrog sprouts 0.5-1 cm.
Cog yog ua nyob rau hauv cov av warmed txog li 15-20 ° S nyob rau hauv lub scheme ntawm 60 x 35 cm. Planting tubers raug muab tso rau sprouts li, slices - txiav lawm.
Thaum cultivating soj ntsuam qoob loo rotation. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam loj, yields nce tom qab perennial thiab txhua xyoo grasses, cereals, legumes, lub caij ntuj no cov qoob loo, flax, colza, phacelia, thiab rape.
Los txhim kho qhov agrophysical thaj chaw ntawm hnyav, av nplaum nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg digging ntxiv River dej, ntoo tshauv. Thaum rov digging caij nplooj ntoos hlav pab ammonium nitrate los yog ammonium nitrate, urea (10 g / m²).
Nrog lub kaw tshwm sim ntawm groundwater Ramon yog zoo dua cog nyob rau hauv lub caj. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom nkag tau ntawm oxygen mus rau hauv paus system, txo lub yeej ntawm tubers los ntawm fungal kab mob.
Agronomists pom zoo los taw kev rau txoj kev caij npav ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob. Yog li ntawd lub qos yaj ywm tau ntau tshaj hnub ci.
On loamy, hnyav xau, lub tubers yog cog hauv qhov 6-8 cm tob. Qhov tob ntawm embedment rau hauv Sandy, Sandy xau yog 8-10 cm cm kom tiv thaiv kom qhuav ntawm tubers nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog arid kev nyab xeeb nce le mus txog 12-15 cm
"Ramona" feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm qos nematode. Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam wireworm larvae, cockchafer, paub qos growers pom zoo tso ib tug puv tes ntawm qej, dos tev rau hauv txhua tus zoo.
Rau tag nrho loj hlob rau lub caij Ramone mus txog tsib kauj loos ntxiv. Thaum ib tug av crust yog tsim, ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm tua, cov av yog maj mam mocked. Spud 2-3 zaug tshaj ntawm lub caij ntuj sov - manually los yog nrog kev pab los ntawm taug kev-qab tsheb laij teb.
Qos yaj ywm ntau yam "Ramona" cov ntaub ntawv tubers thiab nrog tsawg av noo noo. Nyob rau hauv ib tug drought, ib zaug irrigation ntawm kab rau 7-10 hnub yog txaus. Mulching yuav pab tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nroj.
Los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm flowering, ripening tubers nroj tsuag yug nrog nitrogenous los yog organic tshuaj. Thaum cog cov nroj tsuag thaum tying lub buds nrog 0.05% aqueous daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate, zinc sulfuric acid, boric acid, yield yield nce los ntawm 8-10%.
Nyeem ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas pub qos yaj ywm, dab tsi chiv zoo dua, thaum twg thiab yuav ua li cas thov lawv, yuav ua li cas ua kom raug thaum cog.
Nyeem cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab nthuav cov ncauj lus txog kev sib txawv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob qos yaj ywm: Dutch technology thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm thaum ntxov ntau yam, yuav ua li cas tau ib tug zoo qoob loo tsis muaj me ntsis thiab hilling. Thiab kuj qhov txawv ntawm txoj kev zoo li no: nyob rau hauv lub straw, nyob rau hauv barrels, nyob rau hauv hnab, nyob rau hauv thawv.
Dua li ntawm qhov nruab nrab yield, "Ramona" ntes tau ntawm cov lag luam hauv tsev vim kev ua tsis tau zoo, kev mob npau tawg, kev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo thiab Colorado qos beetle, zoo heev saj.
Xav paub dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai solanine nyob rau hauv qos yaj ywm, uas lub teb chaws loj hlob tshaj plaws ntawm cov zaub thiab yuav ua li cas tig txoj kev no mus rau hauv ib lub lag luam muaj txiaj ntsim zoo? Nyeem txog nws hauv peb cov khoom.
