Nws tsis zoo li hais tias yuav muaj tsawg kawg yog ib avid paj grower uas tsis npau suav ntawm muaj ib qho orchid nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm feem ntau zoo nkauj thiab hiob nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv nws lub vaj paj vaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov ntshai tsam nws muaj peev xwm. Lwm cov neeg ntshai tsam tsis muaj teeb meem hauv nws txoj kev yug me nyuam. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yog rau cov uas xav paub txog qhov teeb meem seb nws puas tsim nyog los yais tawm ib lub orchid hauv cov noob.
Yam ntxwv ntawm paj
Orchid muaj npe raws li Orchid tsev neeg. Qhov no yog lub paj cog, uas niaj hnub nim no sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom tsiaj thiab ntau yam, variing nyob rau hauv qia qhov siab, qhov loj, cov duab thiab xim ntawm paj. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj txog 25 txhiab tsiaj. Ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm breeders, txog 100 txhiab hybrid cov ntaub ntawv nyob.
Lub hauv paus system ntawm no kab lis kev cai yog heev tsim. Nws tsim ntau sab thiab cua keeb kwm. 
Qhov siab ntawm lub qia yuav txawv. Muaj hom compact, ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 30 cm, thiab siab, nyob rau hauv uas qia hlob mus rau 1 m.
Inflorescences yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug txhuam rau ntawm txhais ceg los yog ntsia hlau loj. Lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub paj muab tso rau hauv lub inflorescence yog 25 cm Cov nplaum yog dawb, liab, liab doog, lilac, daj, dub, dotted nrog inclusions nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm strokes, dots. Paj kuj muaj qab ntxiag.
Hauv chav culture loj hlob 2 hom kev orchids:
- Monopodial - Cov qia no tuaj.
- Simpodial - Lub qia hlob horizontally.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj ntau yam ntawm orchids uas yuav tsis tau nws tus kheej nqa tawm photosynthesis. Lawv ua rau txoj kev ua neej nyob rau hauv epiphysin - khom rau lwm yam nroj tsuag, tob rau hauv lawv cov mob mycelium, nyob ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, thiab yog li txais cov as-ham.
Cov ntsiab lus thiab kev pom zoo rau kev nkag tau hauv tsev
Orchid tuaj yeem tau propagated nyob rau hauv 5 txoj kev:
- peduncle peduncle;
- rooting peduncle hauv dej;
- huab cua npaj;
- ceg ntawm cov menyuam;
- noob.
Txoj kev tom kawg yog lub sij hawm siv sij hawm thiab ntev. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg uas muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm tsev npas vaj tse, tuaj yeem teem sijhawm rau txoj kev no thiab muaj kev ua siab ntev. Flowering nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag zus los ntawm lub noob txoj kev tshwm sim 4-5 xyoos tom qab cog.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias breeders tsis tswj kom propagate lub orchid rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub noob txoj kev. Qhov vim li cas yog tias cov noob ntawm no paj yog me me, lawv yog cov nyuaj rau sau thiab nroj tsuag, dhau li ntawd lawv muaj ib feem pua tsawg tsawg ntawm germination. Nyob rau xyoo 1903, Fabkis mycologist Noel Bernard tuaj rau qhov xaus tias orchid noob tsis germinate, vim hais tias lawv tsis muaj cov as-ham. Lawv muaj peev xwm tswj tau los ntawm kev mob nrog cov kab mob me me. Tsaug rau qhov no, tus kws tshawb fawb tau txais kev pab kom tau thawj thawj orchid seedlings. 
Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv thiaj li germinate lub noob, lawv cog nyob rau hauv ib tug nutrient sib tov. Tsaws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev qhov twg germination yuav nqa tawm, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tuav lub kub + 25 ... + 28 ° S, humidity 70% thiab lub teeb hnub rau 14 xuab moos. Xws li tej yam kev mob muaj peev xwm ua tau tiav los ntawm kev npaj ib lub me-tsev xog paj los yog tsev xog paj.
Npaj kev tsaws
Rau kev luam tawm los ntawm cov noob txoj kev, yuav tsum tau txais yuav
- noob;
- nutrient substrate cov khoom xyaw;
- muaj peev xwm rau germination thiab kim.
Noob kuj muaj peev xwm tau los ntawm ib qho uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis rau qhov no, khoom neeg tsim pollination yuav tsum tau nqa tawm.
Nyeem kuj yuav ua li cas kom tau txais ib orchid rau Bloom.Germination ntawm noob tsis tau ua nyob rau hauv thawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv iav flasks los yog jars nrog hau. Flasks yuav tau muas ntawm ib lub khw tshwj xeeb.
Lub germination substrate yog tseem txawv - nws yuav tsum yog agar-agar, qhov nruab nrab ntawm Lewis Knudson los yog lub paj mos-sphagnum. Loj hlob hauv lub xeem hom substrate - sphagnum - tuaj yeem yog teeb meem vim tias nws yog qhov nyuaj ua kom tsis muaj zog thiab nrog qee qhov qaub ntawm acidity.
Germination yog qhov me me. 
Rau qhov koj xav tau:
- Hlab npog los sis cov phom sij nrog rau hau, xws li kev txuag - tso rau lub khob, kub, ci hauv qhov cub lossis microwave. Lub sij hawm ntawm kev kho cov txheej txheem yog 30-40 feeb. Nyob rau hauv lub microwave nyob tag nrho cov hwj chim - 3-5 feeb.
- Nyob rau hauv agar-agar (10-15 g) ncuav dej kom nws o o.
- Nqa mus rau ib lub boil dej distilled (200 ml).
- Muab swollen agar-agar, qabzib (10 g), fructose (10 g) hauv boiling dej. Nrog tas mus li stirring, dissolve tag nrho cov khoom xyaw.
- Mus cuag cov acidity ntawm 4.8-5.2 pH, hno 1 poob ntawm potassium carbonate los yog potash daws, orthophosphoric acid. Cov pH yuav tsum tau kuaj nrog litmus ntawv, uas yuav tsum tau muas ua ntej tom khw tshwj xeeb.
- Ncuav qhov sov tov rau hauv cov khoom qab zib.
- Kaw lub thawv nrog hau.
- Qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib saucepan nrog dej rau 30 feeb.
- Saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj lub plab los ntawm kev kaw lub ntim nrog paj rwb thiab tawm hauv qhov chaw rau 5 hnub.
- 10 feeb ua ntej cog cov noob hauv cov pa tshuaj substrate, nws yuav tsum muab ntim rau hauv cov tshuaj chlorine (10 g CaCl² / 100 ml dej).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Noob cov khoom yuav tsum tau cog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub substrate uas tau dhau qhov kev sim tshuaj rau kev xeeb txob. Yog tom qab 5 hnub pwm tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws, nws tsis yog zoo rau cog. Yuav tsum tau npaj ib qho tshiab substrate.
Yuav ua li cas cog thiab cog noob
Rau sowing nws tseem yog tsim nyog los tsim sterile mob.
Qhov no ua tau raws li nram no:
- Flasks lossis jars yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub lattice, uas muab tso rau saum lub cub tuaj ntawm dej npau npau.
- Tweezers sterilized.
- Cov noob raug muab ntim nrog cov nplaum thiab muab tso rau hauv lub khob, uas yog shaken txhua lub sij hawm thiaj li hais tias cov noob khoom yog sib npaug faib nyob rau hauv lub substrate.
- Capacities raug kaw los ntawm npog.
- Yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub tsev cog khoom, mini-tsev cog khoom los yog ib chav tsev nrog ib qho kev pom zoo microclimate.
Lub sij hawm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm sprouts yuav nyob ntawm seb cov hom zus. Ib txhia germinate tom qab ib hlis, qhov zoo li lwm tus yuav tsum tau tos txog ib xyoos. Sprouts ntawm thawj zaug me me npas. Tom qab ntawd lawv tshwm cov nplooj ntawv, thiab tsuas yog ces lub keeb kwm. 
Ib xyoos tom qab, cov qoob loo yuav tsum tau dhia dej, i.e., zaum hauv nyias ntim, nyob rau hauv ib qho av uas tsis muaj pob zeb. Rau lub hom phiaj no, cov txuj ci niaj hnub ua los ntawm cov yas pob tshab. Lawv tau ntim nrog sphagnum Moss, uas yog tov nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm fern thiab Pine nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag thiab crushed activated charcoal (10 ntsiav tshuaj / 1 l ntawm substrate). Ib nrab ntawm ib teev ua ntej sprouts raug muab tso rau hauv xws li ib tug hauv av, nws yog poured nrog boiling dej.
Cov cuab yeej ntawm kev xaiv yog raws li nram no:
- Sprouts rho tawm ntawm cov nplaum siv lub tshuab pauv hauv cov lus tsa suab. Yog hais tias qhov no yog teeb meem, lub substrate puv nrog dej sov thiab tos kom nws ua kua.
- Txhua lub sprout muab tau tso rau hauv ib lub tais nyias.
- Muaj peev xwm muab tso rau hauv cov huab cua sov.
- Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lub sprouts yuav tsum tau ua ntu zus, raws li tsim nyog, sprayed los ntawm nplua phom nrog dej distilled dej.
Peb qhia koj kom paub siv cytokinin paste rau yug me nyuam orchids.
Hloov kua qaub
Tsob nroj tsuag hauv av li ib txwm thiab ib lub lauj kaub qis yuav yog 6 hli tom qab xaiv. Rau cog tau acquire ceramic los yog yas ntim hauv raws li qhov loj ntawm lub rhizome.
Cov av kuj tseem yuav tau nyob hauv khw. Nws yog tsim nyog xaiv cov substrates uas ntim nws yog teev tias "Rau cov orchids". Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias cov av yog lub teeb, xoob, nrog zoo noo noo thiab cua conductivity. Nws tseem yuav ua tau los ntawm tes.
Muaj ob peb xaiv rau kev npaj ntawm mixtures, nyob ntawm seb hom zus:
- Nqaij (1 feem) + Pine bark (5 yam).
- Pine bark (5 yam) + ntxhuav qhwv lub pob zeb (2 khoom) + hluav ncaig (1 feem).
- Humus (3 yam) + peat (1 feem) + charcoal (1 feem) + conifer bark (1 feem).
Yog hais tias cov av yog yuav nyob rau hauv lub khw, ces koj tsis tas yuav disinfect nws. Cov kws kho mob tau saib xyuas qhov no. Mix, siav nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes, kom tau disinfected. Koj tuaj yeem tuav nws li li ib nrab teev ntawm lub khob, ua kom dej sov, kub hauv qhov cub lossis microwave, ncuav 1% manganese tov los sis, nyob rau hauv ntau zaus, dej kub npau npau. Ua ntej yuav cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv cov av tsis zoo, nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau 3-4 hnub kom qhuav.
Yuav kom cog nroj tsuag orchid sprouts hauv lub lauj kaub ib ce, koj yuav tsum:
- Ncuav ib txheej loj ntawm cov kua hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub kom nws yuav siv 1/4 ntawm lub tank. Raws li cov kua cov khoom siv claydite, tawg cib, crushed pob zeb.
- Ncuav ib txheej ntawm av on lub kua.
- Sprout kom muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub lauj kaub.
- Hloov tawm hauv paus system.
- Sau lub void nrog lub ntiaj teb, tawm hauv 1.5-2 cm los ntawm ntug ntawm lub lauj kaub.
- Ua ib lub teeb nraub av nplaum.
- Moisturize
Kawm tseem yuav ua li cas dej ib orchid nyob hauv tsev.
Tom qab kho mob
Rau qhov zoo cog sau ntawm orchids koj yuav tsum tau ci thiab ntev teeb meem, niaj zaus zoo watering, heev qhov cua.
Lub teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum ci ntsa iab, tab sis diffused. Direct tshav ntuj paj contraindicated. Lub teeb hnub yuav tsum dhau 12 mus 14 xuab moos. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, sab hauv nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau zus nrog teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm cov roj fluorescent.
Qhov yoojyim teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem ua tau yog tias koj loj hlob ib orchid nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnubpoob. Ntawm sab qab teb, lub teeb yuav tsum tau diffused, thiab cov nroj tsuag kom ntxoov ntxoo. Qee hom yuav tuaj yeem sab qaum teb sab, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov chaw no yuav tsis muaj peev xwm loj hlob tuaj - txawm tias lawv poob lawv cov hniav zoo nkauj los yog lawv qaug.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov, lub orchid xav zoo nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Thaum cov nqi ntau dua, ntau hom tsis kam tawg paj. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub paj xav tau ib lub sij hawm dormant nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv kub rau + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Cov voj voos txhua xyoo yuav tsum tuav tseg ntawm 60-70%. Tej yam zoo li no yuav tsum ua tiav los ntawm kev sib txuam, ua haujlwm rau ib qho chaw txias, muab tso rau hauv lub pallet nrog ntub dej ntub. Thaum txau koj yuav tsum tau xyuas kom meej tias cov tee tsis poob rau ntawm lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag, li no ua rau cov tsos ntawm cov pob.
Watering lub paj yog nqa tawm sai li sai tau qhov topsoil dries - feem ntau 2-3 zaug ib lub lim tiam. Nyob rau lub sijhawm so, nws yuav txaus sijhawm 1 zaug hauv 1-1,5 asthiv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm watering yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias lub orchid feem ntau tolerates droughts luv luv, intolerant rau stagnant noo noo. Txawm tias luv bays ua rau tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Moisturize ib chav tsev paj nrog cov kais dej dhau los ntawm ib lub lim uas tshem tawm chlorine thiab teeb meem impurities, los yog tswm rau 1-2 hnub.
Mus rau paj zoo siab thiab ntev flowering, nws yuav tsum tau muab periodically pub. Chiv yog siv thaum lub caij cog qoob loo - txij lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav mus rau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, 1 lub sij hawm 2 lub lis piam. Lawv siv chiv universal: Agricola, Kemiru Universal, Tus kws kho mob FOLI Starter, Mister Colour - Wagon, los yog formulations tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau cov chav no, xws li, Mister Color Orchid, Doctor FOLI Orchid.
Chiv yog siv ntau yam ntxiv tom qab dej. Txwv tsis pub, muaj ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm hlawv cov hauv paus hniav. Mob nroj tsuag tsis fertilized, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm so thiab cov uas tau transplanted tsawg tshaj li ib lub hlis dhau los.
Orchid tolerates hloov tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nkaus xwb raws li qhov chaw kawg los ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev sib hloov. Yuav kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam qhov kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj dua ib zaug, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom rov qab txhim kho txhua xyoo. 
Yuav ua li cas nrog pests thiab kab mob
Yog hais tias qhov kev pom zoo ntawm microclimate tsis muaj kev ua txhaum los yog kev ntsuas ntsuas tsis raug, lub paj los nws cov hniav zoo nkauj, pib mob lossis cuam tshuam los ntawm teeb meem kab.
Ntawm cov kab mob, lub orchid feem ntau hem paus rot. Nws cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag, yog hais tias nws yog feem ntau poured thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv dhau txias mob. Lub paj cog, nws nplooj poob. Yuav kom txuag nws, yuav tau hloov kev hloov sai. Cov nroj tsuag yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub lauj kaub, txiav tawm diseased keeb kwm, thiab noj qab haus huv - kho nrog ib tug tov kua ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate los yog tej yam systemic fungicide. Cov chaw tom qab lub chiv keeb hauv cov dej khov ua muaj hmoov los yog cov nplaim hluavtaws. Lub nroj tsuag li no kho yog transplanted mus rau hauv ib tug tshiab av thiab lauj kaub.
Nyeem ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv thiab kho cov orchids rau cov kab mob.
Ntawm pests rau orchids yog feem ntau txaus ntshai:
- Spider mite. Qhov no yog ib qho me me nqus kab ntawm 0.1-0.2 cm nyob rau hauv qhov loj, uas settles on nroj tsuag loj hlob nyob rau hauv high kub thiab tsawg humidity. Nws tuaj yeem ua dub lossis liab. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub neej yoojyim nplooj ntawm nplooj ntawv. Tus nroj tsuag reacts rau nws lub xub ntiag by yellowing thiab xa me nyuam rov qab nplooj, qhov tsos ntawm xim av me ntsis rau ntawm nplooj. Yuav kom kho tau ib lub paj, nws yuav tsum tau muab txau nrog cov qej extract, kho nrog Apollo, Flumaite, Sunmite acaricides.
- Mealybug. Yog hais tias ib tug me me kab nrog ib tug loj ntawm 0.2-0.5 cm, lub cev ntawm uas yog them nrog dawb Bloom thiab plaub mos mos, yog pom on paj, ces qhov no yog ib tug mealybug. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm nws teeb meem lub neej kev ua si, nws tawm hauv cov av thiab cov nroj tsuag secretions ntawm cov xim dawb uas zoo li daim ntawm paj rwb ntaub plaub. Thaum nws nyob ntawm lub paj, nws txo qeeb los yog nres txoj kev loj hlob. Txhawm rau kho hauv tsev kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem kho tau nrog qej, haus luam yeeb, kab tsuag "Intavir", "Fufanon", "Decis".
- Shchitovka. Cov kab no tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm lub plhaub tawv hauv nraub qaum. Nws yoojyim tom qab ua kua nplaum ntawm lub thoob. Lawv tua nws tus kheej - lawv txhuam nws tawm nrog tus txhuam. Tsis tas li ntawd tsim kev kho mob nrog ib qho kev tov ntawm acetic acid, qej Extract. Yog hais tias tus kab mob loj heev, ces kev kho mob yuav tsum tau txuas nrog "Fitoverm", "Aktellik", "Metafos".
- Aphid. Qhov no nws yog ib qho me me nqus cov kab mob nrog lub cev ntsuab los yog xim dub. Tej zaum nrog tis los yog tsis muaj lawv. Aphid nqus cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub paj, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim uas nws yuav ploj, nws cov nplooj tig daj thiab qhuav tawm. Cov tshuaj tua kab yog muab los ntawm xab npum pov tseg, txau cov tshuaj tua kab.
- Dawb ya. Nws yog ib qho me me npauj npaim nrog tis dawb. Nws cov larvae noj cov nplooj. Nws yog tsim nyog los kho cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam nrog luam yeeb, tshuaj "Actellic", "Inta-Vir", "Fitoverm", "Aktara".
Nrog cov teeb meem hauv kev saib xyuas thiab kev kho ntawm chav kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv kev tshwm sim hauv tus cwj pwm:
- Cov ntawv xiav tsaus nti. Qhov kev mob no pom tau tias lub paj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv lub teeb tsis tshua pom kev. Lub lauj kaub yuav tsum tau tsiv mus rau qhov chaw kaj lug los yog ib qho teeb meem ntxiv.
- Yellowed nplooj ntawv, lawv tshwm xim av me ntsis. Qhov no yog ib qho qhia txog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub hnub lub rays. Cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau pritenit los yog tsiv mus rau ib qho chaw nrog ambient teeb.
- Muaj ib sab ciam teb rau ntawm ntug kev. Qhov kev hloov no qhia tias tsawg humidity. Nws yog tsim nyog los nce no lub cev, feem ntau tsuag lub paj.
- Buds poob, tsis qhia. Kev ceeb toom yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qhov zaus thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov dej, raws li qhov no yog ib qho cim ntawm cov dej noo ntau heev.
- Cov nroj tsuag tsis tso paj stalks. Qhov yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis muaj flowering yog ntau. Feem ntau, qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim thaum lub paj tsaus dhau lawm.
- Cia cov nplooj ntawv. Tus cwj pwm no yog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas muaj dej nyab los yog muaj tus kab mob fungal. Nws yuav tsim nyog rau qhuav ntawm cov av thiab kho cov av nrog rau tej yam kev mob fungicide.
Koj puas paub? Qhov ntau tshaj plaws paj hauv lub ntiaj teb no suav hais tias yuav yog lub orchid ntau yam Shenzhen Nongke. Suav yug me nyuam tau siv 8 xyoo rau nws xaiv. Nyob rau hauv 2005, cov nroj tsuag tau muag ntawm auction rau 202 txhiab daus las.
Yog li ntawd, kom loj hlob ib orchid los ntawm noob nyob rau hauv tsev tsis yooj yim, tab sis tiag tiag. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov lus pom zoo rau cog, npaj txhua cov khoom xyaw thiab cov khoom siv, thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav muaj peev xwm loj hlob tau koj tus kheej cov nroj tsuag, uas yuav zoo siab rau koj nrog lub paj ntawm kev zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb.
