Qhov kev thov rau qaib cov txwv nqaij tsuas yog loj hlob, raws li nws yog cua thiab noj haus. Cov tswv ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb pib them ntau dua thiab ntau dua rau cov yug me nyuam ntawm cov nqaij qaib rau lawv tus kheej thiab muag. Hauv qhov no, qhov muaj feem thib rau kev cog qoob loo thiab crosses ntawm cov nqaij.
Cia wb mus saib yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob turkeys rau nqaij thiab seb qhov no yog ib qho lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig.
Yog nws zoo kom turkeys rau nqaij
Qaib Cov Qaib Cov Qub muaj kev siab zoo thiab muaj nyob hauv ntau yam kev noj haus, me nyuam mos cov khoom noj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog nce txaus siab mus yuav, tab sis nws yog kim tshaj li nqaij qaib.
Qaib ntxhw tsis loj hlob li sai li qaib, tab sis lawv nce qhov hnyav dua. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov noog ntawm cov nqaij qaib no kim kim thiab ntau nyiaj mus pub, txawm li cas los, tus payback yog heev considerable. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov pib ua liaj ua teb cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, qhov nyiaj yog kwv yees li 50-70%.
Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb, muaj tsuas yog 20-30 hau, koj yuav tsis tau nplua nuj, tab sis koj yuav tau txais ib qhov nyiaj tau txais tseg. Tib lub sij hawm nws yog qhov zoo mus nrhiav tus muag khoom muag muag khoom noj thiab yuav tsum tau los ntawm nws ncaj nraim, yam tsis muaj intermediaries.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv muaj kev taug kev, qhov ua yeeb yam ntawm tus noog no ntau dua. Ntxiv nrog rau kev taug kev, koj yuav tsum saib xyuas ntawm thaj chaw rau kev txij nkawm, kho nws, txhaj tshuaj rau cov me nyaum qaib.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog tsev qaib cov txwv tsev, cov qaib cov txwv qaib cov txwv qaib ntxhw.
Nyob rau ntawm tus tswv tsev lossis tsev rau tsib lub hlis, koj tuaj yeem cog tau ob peb tug noog, tsuas yog siv lawv cov khoom noj thiab cov khoom noj ntawm cov txiv nyuj, thiab mam li pub cov neeg loj hlob tuaj nrog cov khib nyiab thiab fodder los ntawm lawv tus kheej, pheej yig millet, tsis siv nyiaj. Qhov tseeb, qhov kev ua haujlwm yuav tsis zoo li siab thaum siv kev pub kuas, tab sis cov nqi qis dua.
Yog hais tias koj mus rau heev ua ke nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm turkeys rau muag, ces tshaj plaws pom yuav ua lub simultaneous cultivation ntawm pub. Thiab yog tias koj xaiv ib tug zoo-tsim nqaij yug, ces koj tus kheej yuav loj hlob cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab tsis siv nyiaj rau nws yuav khoom. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ib qho yuav tsum tau muab cov khoom tsim. Xws li lub voj voog kaw yuav ua rau koj kev ua liaj ua teb tsis tshua muaj nqi txaus hloov thiab pab kom koj txuag tau zoo, nce profits, cov hluas uas koj tuaj yeem muag tau rau sab.
Rau qhov ceev tshaj plaws, lawv feem ntau siv crosses - lawv yog thaum ntxov thiab ceev nrooj nce ntau qhov nyhav, tab sis cov hluas yuav tsum tau yuav thiab pub yeem txhua txhua lub sijhawm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau cov tub ntxhais hluas zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm ib lub lag luam zoo, thiab tsis yog yuav ib co qaib cov txwv poults hauv lub lag luam los ntawm cov neeg tsis paub. Qhov no yog kev yuav khoom ntawm "ib qho miv hauv ib lub hnab." Koj tuaj yeem yuav tsis tau cov khoom me me tshwj xeeb.
Dab tsi ntawm turkeys zoo dua mus rau yug rau nqaij
Tam sim no muaj ib tug loj xaiv ntawm breeds thiab crosses ntawm turkeys ntawm nqaij, thiab tus tswv ntawm ntiag tug teb tau xaiv los ntawm cov nram qab no:
- dav xim dawb. Hauv no yug muaj peb kab ntawm productivity - lub teeb (tus txiv neej hnyav li 9 kg, thiab tus poj niam nreg nyhav txog 6 kg), nruab nrab (feem, 17 kg thiab 7 kg), hnyav (25 kg thiab 10 kg). Nqaij yield yog 68-70%;
- bronze dav hauv siab. Qhov nruab nrab nyob qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib tug txiv neej yog 16 kg, thaum rau pojniam nws yog 9 kg. Nrog lub gutted carcass, cov nqaij tawm los mus txog li 66%;
- Canadian dav breasted. Nyob rau ntawm 20-23 lub lis piam, turkeys hnyav 13-14 kg, thiab turkeys nce ceeb thawj mus txog 8 kg;
- Moscow bronze. Cov neeg laus cov txiv neej ncav cuag 15-16 kg, thaum pojniam ncav cuag 7-9 kg;
- BIG6. Turkeys ntawm no hla-lub teb chaws nce qhov ceeb thawj ntawm 22-25 kg, thiab turkeys ncav cuag 11 kg. Cov qoob loo ntawm cov nqaij ntshiab nyob rau hauv cov broilers siab thiab muaj txog li 80-85%;
- highbreed converter. Cov txiv neej nce phaus 20-22 kg, thiab pojniam hnyav 10-12 kg. Cov qoob loo ntawm nqaij los ntawm ib lub cev nqaij daim tawv nce mus txog 80-85%;
- Qib Txiag. Nyob rau ntawm tsib lub hlis, qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm cov txiv neej yog kwv yees 19 kg, thaum pojniam hnyav yuav luag 4.5 kg ntawm 4.5 lub hlis;
- BYuT8. Cov txiv neej nyhav txog li 27 kg, pojniam ncav cuag 10 kg. Nqaij tawm los - txog 83%.
Ntau npaum li cas turkeys loj hlob rau cov nqaij
Killer hnub nyoog ntawm poultry muaj feem xyuam rau tus nqi ntawm kev xa rov qab rau peev. Nws nyob ntawm qhov yug thiab kab hauv kab, nrog rau cov rog. Feem ntau qaib cov txwv poults ntawm lub teeb hom muaj muag hauv 110-120 hnub, qhov nruab nrab hom yog tua tuag rau hauv 150-160 hnub, thiab hnyav hom ntawm cov noog no yog tua nyob rau hauv 200-210 hnub.
Nyob rau hauv kev rearing turkeys yog slaughtered ua ntej lub hnub nyoog ntawm 120 hnub, thaum lawv ncav cuag ib qhov ceeb thawj ntawm 4-4.5 kg. Qhov no yuav siv rau hauv tus account tias pojniam tus kheej nce siab hnyav txog li 150 hnub, thiab txiv neej - txog li 180-200 hnub.
Koj puas paub? Nws kuj tau sau tseg tias nrog kev sib cais ntawm cov liaj teb, txiv neej thiab pojniam nce siab tshaj ib nrab phaus ntau dua hnyav dua li cov neeg tau tsa los ua ke. Qhov no tseem yog khoom noj.
Cov cai tswj dej rau cov nqaij ua rau cov nqaij nyob hauv tsev
Qhov hnyav nce ntawm cov noog nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia nqaij yog nyob ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm kev noj thiab kev noj haus. 
Txhua hnub ration
Nyob rau hauv lub tsev, txhua hnub noj cov zaub mov ntawm poults thiab turkeys yog pom zoo kom ua raws li cov nram qab no:
- millet, pob kws, oats los yog hom qoob mog nplej - 65%;
- sunflower noob pluas mov - 12%;
- poov xab - 5%;
- limestone - 5%;
- ntses pluas noj - 3%;
- chalk - 3%;
- tws nyom - 5%;
- nqaij thiab pob txha noj - 1%;
- ntsev - 1%.
Kawm yuav ua li cas pub txhua hnub qaib cov txwv poults, zus turkeys thiab turkeys nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no.
Qhov kev noj haus no zoo dua ntxaum los ntawm cov noog tshaj li kev pub nrog kev siv tshuaj lom neeg.
Cov dej haus yuav tsum yog tshiab thiab hloov tsis tu ncua kom tsis txhob mob plab hnyuv.
Rau me me qaib cov txwv poults, tshwj xeeb pub yuav tsum tau yuav los yog pub nrog cov nram qab no pub:
- Thawj ob lub lim piam ntawm cov me nyuam muaj peev xwm muab pub nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm crushed qe thiab pob kws los yog hom qoob mog hmoov, bran. Nyob rau hauv no sib tov, koj yuav tsum ntxiv zaub, grated carrots, boiled millet. Ntawm cov zaub, nws yog feem ntau tseem ceeb los mus siv tws ntsuab dos. Xws li ib tug mash tau los ntawm qis-rog tsev cheese, nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ntxiv cov mis nyuj los yog whey. Los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm ib lub lim tiam, lub chalk los yog crushed plhaub yuav muab ntxiv rau qhov no mash, thiab txij hnub 11 ntawm lub neej, pob txha noj mov;
- Txij hnub 15, lawv hloov mus rau cov khoom noj los ntawm cov hmoov nplej ntawm crushed (60%), taum (25%), sunflower (2%) thiab chalk (txog li 5%);
- los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm ib lub hlis, tag nrho cov grains yuav nkag tau rau hauv kev noj haus;
- los ntawm ob lub hlis lawv qhia cov pob kws kernels.
Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tau cog "Furazolidone" rau poults, yog vim li cas lub turkeys yog tig lawv ob txhais ceg, ntau npaum li cas qaib cov txwv nyhav thiab tus neeg laus laus qaib ntxhaws.
Pub noj ntau zaus
Qhov sij hawm ntawm kev noj yuav txawv rau ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus noog:
- mus txog 10 hnub ntawm lub neej me nyaum qaib muaj li 8-9 zaug ib hnub, maj mam txo cov zaus noj thiab ntxiv sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm mov noj;
- Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 30 hnub, cov poults noj 6 zaug ib hnub;
- tom qab nkag mus txog 2 lub hlis, cov me nyuam mos tau noj 4 zaug ib hnub;
- cov neeg laus noj peb zaug ib hnub rau lub caij ntuj no thiab plaub zaug hauv lub caij ntuj so.
Kev siv ntawm pub
Turkeys yuav pub nrog domestic mov, thiab yuav ua tau ntawm muaj nqis. Tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus nyiam ua khoom noj ua mov ua noj, thiab tom qab ntawd ces npaj zaub mov qhuav tuaj rau txoj kev cawm.
Kev pub noj ntau yog tsim rau kev suav cov hnub nyoog thiab kev coj ntawm kev cog qoob (rau qhov hnyav nce, nce qe ntau lawm). Xws li txau txo nqi zog, tab sis ntaus nqi, raws li lawv tsis pheej yig.
Koj puas paub? Qaib cov txwv nqaij ntau dua kev sib tw thiab six tshaj Cov Txiv Neej. Cov nqaij qaib ntxhw muaj roj tsawg dua lwm cov nqaij qaib los yog nqaij liab. Vim yog cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua meej ntawm purines, nws yog kev noj haus thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Qaib cov txwv nqaij yog ib qho zoo heev ntawm cov vitamins ntawm pawg B, PP, phosphorus thiab selenium, koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic thiab tsim kev tiv thaiv.
Ib qho tseem ceeb yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm high-quality pub rau turkeys.
Cov ntawv cog lus nram no yog zoo rau cov menyuam yaus:
- rau cov menyuam mos liab poults tshiab - PK-11 lossis Purina 10050;
- rau hnub nyoog 5-13 lub lis piam - PK-11-2;
- rau cov hnub nyoog 14-17 lub lis piam - PK-12-1-14-17;
- rau li ntawm 15-30 lub lis piam - P-13-1;
- rau yug me nyuam Tshaj Lij - PK-14.
Sij hawm pub: yees duab
Ib tug neeg laus noj mov noj 200-250 g ntawm qhuav pub ib hnub twg, thiab cov txiv neej muaj ib koob tshuaj txhua hnub txog 100 g ntau dua.
Yuav kom txuag tau nyiaj, koj tuaj yeem ua khoom pub rau koj tus kheej.
Qaib ntxhw pub txoj kev
Thaum lub sij hawm fattening, turkeys sai nce nce phaus. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua tiav ua ntej tua tsiaj. Nws muaj ob hom roj fattening.
Kawm kom tau tus qhab nia ntawm cov qaib kom zoo, yuav ua li cas rhais pob zeb hauv tsev.
Yuam kev
Forced fattening yog ntxiv cov khoom noj khoom haus rau turkeys ob peb zaug. Thaum cov noog tsis noj mov vim hais tias txaus satiety, nws yog yuam-noj, muab khoom noj nyob rau hauv lub goiter, tiam sis tsis overflowing nws.
Thaum xub thawj, cov noog no txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm lossis qias. Cov khoom noj txhua hnub thaum lub sij hawm no yog 700-800 g. Kev xaiv yog xaiv nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nqaijrog thiab nqaijrog.
Rau kev pub mis los ntawm kev quab yuam, lawv siv cov khoom noj uas muag muag hauv lub cev kom tsis txhob ua kom lub plab zom mov - cov no yog cov koog uas txav mus rau hauv cov npas ntawm crumbs.
Cov cobbles yog npaj raws li nram no: noj cov pob kws thiab barley hmoov ntawm 20%, hmoov nplej - 15%, bran - 15%, oat hmoov nplej - 25%, ntsev - 1%, poov xab - 5%. Txhua yam yog tov tov. 150 g ntawm no sib tov ntxiv 150 g dej thiab knead lub mov paj.
Thaum yuam cov qaib cov txwv nqaij qaib rau 20 hnub yuav ua rau kom qhov nce ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm 2-2.5 zaug.
Fattening
Thaum noj zaub mov rau lawv tus kheej, qaib cov txwv huam tuaj yeem tawm. Nrog rau txoj kev no ntawm fattening, lawv mus taug kev cov noog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv thaj chaw uas qoob loo ntawm sunflower, oats, nplej thiab lwm yam cereals, zoo li melons thiab gourds, raug tua.
Noog yog pub 2-3 zaus ntawm txoj kev khiav. Lossis muab dej tshiab. Nrog rau hom no nws yog ib qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw loj loj rau kev tuaj yos hav zoov, tab sis muaj kev txuag hauv kev pub.
Kawm cov txiaj ntsim ntawm nqaij qaib cov txwv, daim siab thiab lub qe.
Cov xwm txheej rau cov qoob loo loj hlob rau cov nqaij hauv tsev
Rau cov nqaij qaib nws yog tsim nyog los tsim cov kev mob siab rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab qhov hnyav nce: khoom vaj khoom tsev thiab npaj ua kev taug kev.
Turkeys xav tsis ntau txoj kev taug, raws li nyob rau hauv grazing nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm ntsuab loj
Kev tsim nyog rau chav
Yuav kom lub turkeys nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los equip lub tsev. Cov kev pabcuam rau lawv yuav tsum ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
- cheeb tsam chav tsev yuav tsum tau raws li qhov cai - 1 square. m rau 2 tus noog laus;
- chav tsev yuav tsum zoo ventilated los ventilated, cua yuav tsum ntws tsis tu ncua, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog xav tias cov drafts yog tsis tsim nyog;
- hauv pem teb ntawm ntoo los yog qhob yuav tsum tau sprinkled nrog quav nyab, sawdust thiab tas li saib xyuas qhov huv ntawm lub litter. Nws yog kiag li hloov nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab ua ntej qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no frosts. Nyob rau lub caij hloov ntawm lub litter, chav tsev yog ntxuav thiab hauv pem teb yog sprinkled nrog txiv qaub rau disinfection;
- kub tsoom fwv muaj teev nyob hauv + 10 ... 18 ° S;
- humidity nyob rau hauv lub chav yuav tsum 65-70%. Cov hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob ntub dej;
- lub teeb hnub sib haum rau 13 xuab moos. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, nws pom zoo kom muaj hluav taws xob txog 3-5 W rau 1 sq. M. m thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev;
- pem hauv ntej ntawm pub mis yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv nram qab no: nrog rau kev pub hmoov qhuav ntawm 10 cm ib tug twg, thiab nrog ib tug ua ke - 20 cm;
- pem hauv ntej ntawm watering - txog 3 cm ib turkey.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov tsim tau zoo ntawm turkeys yog adversely cuam tshuam los ntawm kub tsoom fwv ntau tshaj +18 ° C. Cov noog tshwm sim zuj zus, txo qos yaj ywm, qe muag qis, thiab qee zaus nres tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, testicular fertility tee sharply.Feeders yog muab tso rau hauv lub tsev, uas yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm troughs los yog gutters. Nyob rau hauv qhov siab lawv muab tso rau tom qab ntawm qaib ntxhw. Tab sis rau txoj kev yooj yim ntawm cov dej tso dej muaj nyob rau theem ntawm lub caj dab ntawm cov noog.
Nyob rau hauv feem sov tshaj ntawm chav tsev, roost yog tsim, noj mus rau hauv tus account hais tias txog 35 cm ntawm perch yuav tsum yog ib tug poj niam. Nyob hauv lawv kom yooj yim ntawm tu lub thawv los yog tshwj xeeb shields rau litter.
Nes raug muab tso rau hauv thaj chaw ntau ntxiv ntawm chav tsev uas tso cov turkeys yuav hnov ntau dua thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov nests muab tso rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 zes rau 4-5 turkeys.
Kawm yuav ua li cas los tsim ib tug brooder rau poults, qaib cov txwv-hen, ua kom cov qoob loo, feeders, drinkers.
Aviary kev taug kev
Turkeys hlub dawb ntau thiab yuav khiav ceev ceev. Thiab qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem ya. Nqa mus rau hauv tus account cov nta, thaum ua kom qaib cov txwv, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau muab rau lub xub ntiag ntawm lub raj nplaum los ntawm txoj saw txuas-txuas yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis muaj kev pab dawb. Aviary nruab nrab ntawm tus nqi ntawm 20 square metres. m rau ib tug neeg. Nws yog pom zoo kom sow nroj tsuag haum rau cov noog - alfalfa, clover, oats, peas, soybeans thiab lwm tus.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub aviary yog cleared ntawm snow thiab them nrog straw. Nyob rau hauv aviary qhov chaw trough nrog zaub mov thiab ntim nrog dej. Nyob rau hauv aviary teem lub thawv nrog xuab zeb thiab cov hmoov tshauv nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag, txij thaum tshauv kub xuab zeb dai heev rau cov noog no.
Lub laj kab mesh yuav tsum yog yam tsawg ob metres siab. Nws yuav zoo heev yog tias qhov tawm mus rau aviary yuav los ntawm lub tsev nrog kev pab ntawm tub nkeeg. Qhov ntev ntawm lub caws dej feem ntau yog 0.5 x 0.5 m thiab lawv muaj nrog qhov rooj sib luag.
Cov qoob cog ntoo nyob rau hauv lub vaj yog ib txoj hauj lwm muaj txiaj ntsig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias muaj ib thaj chaw rau kev taug kev. Cov noog no ua rau forage, uas me ntsis txo cov nuj nqis ntawm lawv cov txij nkawm. Ntawm chav kawm, koj yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj ntawm kev yuav khoom ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov khoom noj nqaij thiab tsiaj pub. Qhov kev noj haus rau qaib cov txwv poults kuj tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ntau dua pheej yig txuag thiab additives. Yog tias koj tsis paub tseeb tias koj tuaj yeem tiv puag nrog cov pejxeem loj, sim pub ob peb tug neeg hauv tsib lub hlis ntawm lub sijhawm sov thiab xam koj cov nuj nqis thiab cov nyiaj khwv tau los.
Qe qaib ntxhw hla teb chaws: video
Yog nws profitable loj hlob turkeys rau nqaij: xyuas
Nyob rau hauv Moscow, tus nqi ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Tshuag nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog 250 rubles ib tug noog, tshaj lub caij ntuj sov lawv loj hlob mus rau ib tug loj me me. Los ntawm qhov ceeb thawj kuv tsis paub, tab sis hnyav. Kuv tsis xav hais tias lawv noj ntau heev, tab sis lawv tau txais ntau yam ntawm lawv (vim tias lawv nyiam ntsuab dos ntau heev), thiab cereals (nplej, pob kws, peas, thiab lwm yam) - tsis muaj, ducks / geese Noj ntau dua. Lawv nyiam boiled qos yaj ywm los ntawm lub vaj, tsev cheese yog tseem saib taus, qhob cij crumbs tsis disdain. Qhov tsuas yog kuv xav tias turkeys xav tau qhov twg mus taug kev-khiav-nyom de. Yog tias koj tsij lawv mus rau hauv chav pw, lawv yuav tuag. Thiab tus nqi ntawm cov cereals yuav tsum tau voiced?
Kuv muaj txhua yam, thiab yog tias lawv nyiam, txawm tias ib tug ntawm lawv, los hais txog kev kaj siab thaum sawv ntxov txog qhov kev kaj ntug, ces txhua tus txhawb nqa txoj haujlwm no, zoo, xws li nyob hauv pawg EP, Liberal Democratic Party thiab lwm tus.
Saib lub qhov rais, yog thaum kaj ntug nyob rau ntawd, ces koj thiab koj tsev neeg thiab tag nrho cov phooj ywg zoo siab tuaj tsaug zog, txhua yam kev npau taws. Nws tsis tuaj yeem kaw cov neeg dag.
Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lub suab nrov zoo tagnrho rau cov qaib tsis muaj lau qaib, indouki los yog spines thiab broilers.
Muaj lwm qhov teeb meem nrog qaib cov txwv. No eagle poultry hlub nce siab thiab ya. И улететь этот орел может далеко. Поэтому надо загон закрывать сеткой сверху.
Если есть выгул, то хорошо, если нет, то аппетит индюка поразителен.
Мясо индюка на любителя. Оно практически без жира, диетическое. Если индюк перерос или бегал много, то мясо его это как подошва.
Насмотревшись фильмов, мы тушу совали в духовку и там пытались готовить. Но были такие, что в духовку не влезали, петухи, а те что влезали, индейки, готовились долго и по всем качествам уступали уткам и бройлерам.
Qaib ntxhw tus nqi yog kim ntau tshaj broilers thiab ducks.
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tus noog yog ib qho pib xyaum ua.
