Tsis tshua muaj cov neeg uas tsis nyiam qab zib cherries. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov berries, uas tau raug cultivated nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab Asia rau ib ob peb millennia.
Muaj ntau txhiab tus cherry ntau yam. Xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej lub qib "Napoleon dub."
Txog yug me nyuam
Sweet cherry belongs rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo ancient cov qoob loo. Teb koj yog Asia. Tab sis cov Berry tuaj rau teb chaws Europe ntev, txawm ua ntej pib ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Nyob rau ib ncig ntawm Ukraine thiab Russia, cherries yog zus txij li lub sij hawm ntawm Kievan Rus. 
German gardeners koom nyob rau hauv xaiv ntawm Sweet cherries los ntawm XVIII caug xyoo. Dub Napoleon yog ib qho ntawm cov hiob ntau yam uas tau bred hauv Western Europe li ntxov raws li lub xyoo pua puv 19. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub qub Soviet Union, nws tau cultivated txij li thaum 1930s. Txij li thaum ces, muaj ntau yam tshiab ntau yam thiab hybrids. Tab sis "Dub Napoleon" tsis tso lawv cov haujlwm, raws li nws muaj cov yeeb yam zoo kawg.
Koj puas paub? Rau thawj thawj zaug, Teofrast, ib tug xibfwb ntawm Keeb Kwm thaum xyoo 4th BC, hais txog txiv ntoo hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua kuv Roman historian Pliny twb sau txog kaum ntau yam ntawm Sweet Cherry, ces paub nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos.
Kev piav qhia thiab yam ntxwv
Cherry ntoo tsis tsuas generously muab cov tswv delicious berries, tab sis muaj peev xwm decorate tej teb. Lawv saib zoo nkauj heev thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo thiab paj ntoo.
Ntoo
Lub "Napoleonic" tsob ntoo loj hlob loj (5-6 m). Nws loj hlob tshwj xeeb ua ntej nws pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cherry bark txawv los ntawm Cherry xim: nws yog ntau ntau lighter. Tsis tshua muaj cov ceg ntoo uas muaj cov nplooj ntoos zoo nkauj ua tus zoo nkauj kheej. Cov nplooj yog loj, elongated, nrog ib tug ntse ntxeev, tsaus ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim. Dawb paj Bloom nyob rau hauv lub bouquet ceg, sau nyob rau hauv inflorescences ntawm 2-3 yam. 
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
"Dub Napoleon" yog ib qho ntawm Bigarro ntau yamCov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm uas yog qhov txawv ntawm ntom pulp, uas tsis muag nyob rau hauv compotes thiab preservation, thiab yog khaws cia rau ib lub sij hawm ntev. Zoo li lwm tus loj loj, dub Napoleon tus cherries yog khov, ntom thiab nkig. Lawv yog cov loj heev, weighing 6-7 g.
Daim tawv nqaij tseem tuab thiab tuab, tsis tawg ntho. Sab hauv cov pob txha yog muab zais rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub ntse ntse, qhov loj yog qhov nruab nrab, thiab qhov hnyav yog li 6.5% ntawm tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tus duab ntawm berries tsis hloov, tab sis ntau lub plawv-puab. Cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, zoo li lub pulp, yog ruby maub, tej zaum tshwm dub. Lub berries yog heev six, richly Sweet, qaub thiab txawm me ntsis iab.
Nyeem kuj hais txog ntau yam ntawm tsaus cherries: "Farewell", "nyiam Astakhova", "Adeline", "Ovstuzhenka".
Ib co nta ntawm ntau yam
Yuav kom loj hlob dub cherries "Napoleon" yuav tsum yog tib yam li lwm yam ntau yam. Tab sis nws txawv nta tseem cuam tshuam rau kev saib xyuas thiab sau.
Lub caij ntuj no hardiness thiab tus kab mob tsis kam
Sweet cherries lawv tus kheej yog thermophilic. Dub Napoleon yog tsis muaj kev zam. Nruab nrab frost tsis kam. Nws yooj yim ciaj sia nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm lub caij ntuj no Ukrainian nrog frosts cia rau-30 ° C. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev txwv kev txwv hauv Ukraine. 
Thiab nyob rau hauv Russia nws muaj peev xwm ciaj sia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb.
"Napoleon" yog cov kab mob rau ntau cov kab mob. Tab sis tsis muaj tshuaj kho mob, nws tseem tuaj yeem kis mob nrog moniliasis, coccomycosis thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Muaj ib qho kev hem thawj ntawm xws li cov kab tsuag: Cherry ya, aphid, nplooj mov noj ya, cherry ntxhw.
Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab mob thiab kab yog qhov kev siv tawm ntawm kev siv phomicides thiab tshuaj tua kab nyob rau hauv ntau theem ntawm tsob ntoo kev loj hlob: thaum lub sij hawm tawg tawg, paj ua txhaum, thaum xaus ntawm flowering, thaum lub sij hawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo kev loj hlob thiab tom qab sau.
Pollinators
"Dub Napoleon" yog hais txog samobesplodnymi ntau yam ntawm Sweet cherries. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yuav tsis muaj txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo los yog yuav khi, tab sis ob peb, yam uas tsis muaj cross-pollination. Rau siab tshaj plaws tawm los koj yuav tsum cog nws nrog pollinator, uas yog, lub Cherry ntawm lwm yam ntau yam, uas blooms ib txhij nrog "Napoleon". Yuav tsis muaj peev xwm cog ib lub txiv kab ntxwv yog tias ib tsob ntoo uas twb tsim nyog rau txoj hauj lwm no twb loj zuj zus nyob hauv ib qho chaw nyob sib ze. Zoo tshaj plaws pollinators rau dub cherry "Napoleon dub" yog: "Valeriy Chkalov", "Cassini ntxov", "Jabule", "Drogan daj", "Thaum ntxov". 
Ripening lub sij hawm thiab tawm los
Ib tsob ntoo hluas pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo xyoo plaub tom qab yuav tsaws. Txawm hais tias "Napoleon" blooms thaum ntxov (thaum xaus ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj - thaum ntxov Lub Plaub Hlis), tab sis lub berries ripen tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov (ua ntej rau xyoo kaum ob ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj). Yog li ntawd, nws yog hais txog lig Cherry ntau yam). Qhov no yooj yim heev, txij thaum Napoleon tus cherries ripen ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum lwm hom ntau tau tsiv lawm. Napoleon muaj siab yield: ib tsob ntoo muaj peev xwm tsim 20-50 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ib lub caij.
Koj puas paub? Cherries nyob rau hauv ancient Rome tau hu ua noog cherries. Tej zaum vim hais tias nws yog hlub tsis tsuas yog los ntawm cov neeg, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov noog. Thiab tej zaum vim, raws li cov lus dab neeg, cherries tshwm nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe precisely vim hais tias ntawm cov noog uas coj lub Cherry pob zeb muaj.
Tsheb thauj mus los
Kev thauj zoo yog hais txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm "Napoleon Black" ntau yam. Ua tsaug rau lub ntom pulp thiab tuab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, berries tau thauj tshaj ntev ncua kev. Txawm li cas los, lawv tsis poob lawv qhov kev nthuav tawm, khaws lawv cov duab thiab saj.
Lwm qhov kev tsim txiaj ntawm ntau yam yog zoo kom zoo ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw txias (cellar los yog tub yees), lub cherries yuav khaws cia rau ob lub lim tiam. Nyob rau ntawm ib qho kev ntsuas kub, lawv nyob twj ywm tshiab rau ib ntev lub sij hawm thiab tsis deteriorate. 
Kev taw qhia
Dub cherries "Napoleon" yog cov cua heev tshiab. Tasters yeej txaus siab rau lawv cov saj (4.9 cov ntsiab lus tawm ntawm 5). Berries yog consumed tsis tsuas yog tshiab.
Peb qhia koj mus nyeem txog cov khoom siv ntawm cherries thiab kev npaj ntawm berries rau lub caij ntuj no: dawb Cherry jam, jam nrog pits.
Lawv siv ntau yam lus qhia:
- Hauv kev ua noj. Cov kab ntub tsis yoov tsis yoov thaum lub caij ua kom sov. Yog li ntawd, lawv npaj cov compotes, jams, jellies, candied txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov kaus poom. Lawv qhuav thiab khov.
- Hauv kev noj haus. Qes-calorie Cherry berries (50 kcal ib 100 g). Lawv muaj cov khoom noj rau cov khoom noj tsis zoo.
- Hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj berries yog siv (tshiab thiab qhuav), stalks, nplooj thiab paj. Lawv muaj ntau cov khoom zoo: lawv ntxiv dag zog, ua kom loog, hnoos, txhim kho cov ntshav, noj zaub mov thiab peristalsis ntawm cov hnyuv, ntxuav lub cev ntawm cov roj teeb meem. Los ntawm lawv npaj infusions thiab decoctions.
- Hauv cosmetology. Vim yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm antioxidants, qab zib Cherry yog ua kom qeeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus. Lawv ua qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, cream thiab lwm yam tshuaj pleev plhu los ntawm nws.
Xaiv qhov chaw
Yog hais tias koj xaiv qhov chaw rau cherries thiab muab kev saib xyuas zoo rau lawv, ces nws yuav ua tsaug rau ntau tshaj sau txog li ib puas xyoo. Lub chaw xaiv yuav tsum muaj raws li cov hauv qab no:
- ntau ntau lub hnub thiab tsis muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo (txhob txwm paub lub qab zib cherry tau muab lub npe "tshuav txiv hmab txiv ntoo");
- ib qho chaw zoo, tab sis raug kaw los ntawm muaj zog cua daj cua dub, piv txwv li, nyob ze ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev;
- cov av yuav tsum yog lub teeb thiab fertile, piv txwv li, calcareous, tsis tu ncua fertilized nrog humus;
- yuav tsum tsis muaj stagnation ntawm noo noo, qhov sib thooj ntawm av tsis yog ntshaw (tsawg kawg yog ob metres).
Sprouting cherry ntoo los ntawm ib lub pob zeb yog ib qho kev lom zem uas yuav ua tau nrog cov menyuam hauv tsev.
Tsav cov cai
Cherries sown nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn. Lub ntiaj teb nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no yog ntub thiab haum mos mos, yog li ntawd lub seedling yog yooj yim kom noj paus. Txhua lub caij muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
- Sov Autumn zoo tshaj plaws rau cog. Ua ntej qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no, lub hauv paus muaj lub sij hawm mus tob thiab loj hlob. Thiab nrog rau qhov pib ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov nroj tsuag pib loj hlob thiab loj hlob zoo. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj no nrog Frost, ib tsob ntoo yuav khov.
- Tsaws ntxov nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav dawb los ntawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm khov. Tab sis koj yuav tsum muaj lub sij hawm ua nws ua ntej qhov o ntawm ob lub raum. Tsob ntoo, tom qab cog qoob loo, yuav raug mob thiab yuav tsis khom qhov.
Qhov chaw rau ntoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej npaj. Yog hais tias cog yuav npaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ces cov av yuav npaj tau nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Rau lub caij nplooj zeeg cog, npaj ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsawg kawg yog ob lub lis piam. Cov no muaj xws li: ntxuav cov nroj tsuag thiab cov khib nyiab, siv cov av chiv (2 lub thoob ntawm humus ib qhov) thiab khawb qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov taub yav tom ntej.
Cog yog raws li nram no:
- Nyob rau ntawm ib qho chaw prearranged, ib tug pit yog dug tawm, 70-80 cm tob thiab txog 1 m nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Yuav tsum muaj chaw txaus rau hauv paus.
- Yog hais tias lub seedling twb yav dhau los nyob rau hauv ib ntim ntim, ces nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom zoo zoo thiab muab tso ua ke nrog ib tug earthy clod nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov. Yog hais tias lub keeb kwm yog liab qab, ces nyob rau hauv qab ntawm aub tsiv koj yuav tsum tau ua ib tug mound ntawm fertile av, uas koj xav tau los faib cov keeb kwm.
- Tsis tas yuav tsum cog tsob ntoo heev tob. Nws lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum peek tawm hauv av los ntawm kwv yees li 5 cm.
- Qhov aub tsiv yog sau nrog fertilized av thiab zoo compacted. Koj tuaj yeem ua ib qho npoo av nyob rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub qhov faus mus ua kom dej nag.
- Koj yuav tsum tau ntim dej kom ntau.
Cherry ntoo loj hlob loj. Yog li ntawd, thaum cog ob peb seedlings, qhov deb ntawm lub pits yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 3-4 m.
Yees duab: cog paj kws qab zib
Yuav tu li cas
Txawm hais tias lub Cherry tau cog rau lub sij hawm, thiab nyob rau hauv zoo av, nws xav tau ntxiv xim. Nws yuav tsum tau muab dej, pub thiab zoo li niaj zaus.
Watering
Kev cog cov nroj tsuag yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum ua kom zoo zoo kom tsis txhob overmoistening. Qhov dej ntau dhau yog nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ntoo thiab huab cua.
Nws yog tsim nyog los dej ib tug Sweet Cherry:
- nyob rau hauv Tej zaum, tom qab flowering: noo noo yog tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj, thaum lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog poured: qhov no yuav pab tau cov berries yuav muaj kua thiab zoo nkauj;
- nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm qhuav: nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau sau rau hauv plentifully, zoo saturating lub ntiaj teb;
- nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, ua ntej txias: noo noo uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb lub caij ntuj no.
Kev noj tshuaj yog tsim nyog txhua txhua ob rau peb lub lis piam, thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub ntuj qhuav heev tshaj (txhua lub lim tiam).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws tsis yog tsim nyog rau dej lub Cherry thaum lub sij hawm flowering, pub kom tus zes qe menyuam yuav crumble, thiab thaum lub sij hawm ripening lub sij hawm ntawm berries, thiaj li hais tias lawv tsis keej..
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Rau qhov harmonious kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo thiab siab tshaj plaws fruiting, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau mus tas li pub cov nroj tsuag nrog ob qho tib si organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv. Pub hom tsiaj zoo li no:
- organic teeb meem (humus los yog rotted nqaij qaib) yog qhia thaum lub sij hawm kev khawb ntawm cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo txhua 2-3 xyoo;
- humus los yog compost yuav mulched pristvolny lub voj voog: thaum lub sij hawm watering lub keeb kwm nrog dej thiab tau txais nutrient fertilizer;
- pob zeb hauv av chiv nrog cov ntsiab lus nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate) yog siv ua kua thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav (Tsib Hlis) thiab lub caij ntuj sov (Lub Rau Hli);
- phosphate thiab potash chiv (buckwheat tshauv, superphosphate, potash ntsev) pub tsob ntoo nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg (Cuaj Hlis): lawv yuav muab lub zog rau ib qho kev vam meej dhau los thiab pab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv qhov tsim ntawm buds.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom pub nrog tshiab organic fertilizer (manure): nws muaj peev xwm ua mob, hlawv lub hauv paus, thiab yuav tsis siv, raws li nws yuav decompose nyob rau hauv hauv av rau ib lub sij hawm ntev.
Kev tu ib lub voj voog
Tsis txhob poob siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tu lub voj voog ntawm pristvolnom. 
Nws yog tsim nyog rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tag nrho cov ntoo.
- Txhua txhua lub sijhawm tom qab ntub dej koj yuav tsum loosen hauv av kom qhib nkag mus rau cov hauv paus hniav, huab cua thiab ya raws.
- Nrom nyom yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg raws li nws "steals" cov as-ham thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug me ntoo.
- Mulching hauv av ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw tso cai rau koj khaws ntub thiab tsis pub cov nroj tsuag tuaj. Ib txhia growers siv mulch li mulch. compost. Lwm tus neeg cog cov ntoo nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo rau tib lub hom phiaj.
Kawm yuav ua li cas kom compost nrog koj tus kheej tes: hauv hnab khib nyiab, hauv ib lub qhov taub compost.
Cropping thiab crown tsim
Cherry ntoo loj hlob zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo. Yog li, lawv yuav tsum tau txiav tawm txhua xyoo. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej lub buds swell, los yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg.
Trimming yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv peb cov lus qhia:
- Lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas txhua xyoo los ntawm ib-thib:: nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob ua ntej tsob ntoo pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- Tshem tawm ntawm incorrectly loj hlob ceg (sab hauv lub crown). Vim qhov no, ib lub teeb tsa zoo yog tsim, rau txhua ceg uas yooj yim mus cuag.
- Sanitary pruning ntawm qhuav, khov thiab tawg ceg.
Nyeem kuj hais txog cov hauv paus ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo ntawm cov ntoo, nrog rau cov secrets ntawm kev laus cov tsiaj nyeg.
Tom qab tus txheej txheem, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los kho cov seem nrog putty: vaj twawb, xim los yog kua roj vanish. Qhov no yuav pab ceev kom zoo thiab pab tiv thaiv kab mob. 
Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txias thiab nas
Sweet Cherry "Napoleon" heev txias-resistant. Tab sis yog hais tias huab cua forecasters twv ib snowless lub caij ntuj no nrog loj heev frosts, ces nws yog zoo dua rau err. Los ntawm kev siv cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tsob ntoo ntawm khov thiab loj nas.
Cov kev ntsuas no suav nrog:
- txiv qaub whitewash, uas tivthaiv lub pob tw los ntawm hypothermia thaum lub caij hloov nws qhov kev hloov hauv qhov kub ntawm lub caij ntuj no, zoo li ntawm kab kab tshuav tshuav nyob hauv txoj tawv nqaij;
- lub pob tw ntawm lub cev uas muaj cov insulators sib txawv (nrog cov vov tsev, cov ntaub qhwv, cov ceg ntoo) yuav ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tus pas thiab tawm tsam nas;
- mulching nrog ceg thiab chaw nyob nrog snowdrift yuav sov lub hauv paus system;
- rwb thaiv tsev ntawm crown ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings: ceg, nias tawm lub pob tw, tsis khi li thiab them nrog sacking.
Muaj zog thiab qaug zog
Virtues ntau yam "Napoleon" dub:
- siab yield;
- zoo heev saj;
- berries ntawm universal daim ntawv thov;
- zoo thauj thiab khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo;
- tsis tshua muaj mob;
- zoo theem ntawm Frost tsis kam.
Disadvantages ib me ntsis:
- xav tau ntawm qhov chaw thiab av;
- qhov yuav tsum tau rau pollinators.
Raws li koj tau pom, qhov no Cherry muaj ntau dua qhov zoo dua qhov tsis zoo. Thiab txawm hais tias dub "Napoleon" yog qub, nws tsis yog ua tsis zoo rau ntau yam tshiab, thiab txawm surpasses ib txhia.
