Champignons tau ntev txog qhov chaw muaj zog nyob rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm ntau tus neeg. Lawv yog cov cua, yooj yim los npaj thiab pheej yig heev: koj tuaj yeem yuav lawv nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub tsev lag luam. Tab sis yog tias koj tseem txiav txim siab kho koj tus kheej thiab cov neeg koj hlub uas nrog kev nyab xeeb hauv tsev tsim kho, koj yuav tsum xav tau kev paub thiab kev mob siab. Peb tsab xov xwm yuav qhia rau koj tias yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob nceb koj tus kheej.
Substrate Npaj
Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj lub substrate yog hu ua composting. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm champignons, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj, vim hais tias qhov nceb yog picky mus rau cov av thiab noj tsuas organic teeb meem.
Los npaj lub substrate rau champignons tom tsev, koj yuav tsum tau 100 kg tshiab tshiab straw (nplej los yog rye), 75-100 kg ntawm nees (nyuj) chiv los sis noog dej, 300-500 litres dej, 6 kg ntawm gypsum los yog 8 kg ntawm lime slaked.
Straw yuav tsum tau txiav mus rau hauv ib tug ntev ntawm 15-20 cm thiab soak nrog dej rau ob peb hnub kom nws ntub. Kev sib xyaw ntawm lub pob zeb hauv av los sis cov dej nag yog qhov tsis tsim nyog, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj kev tua kab hauv nroj tsuag hauv cov nplooj lwg.
Koj puas paub? Burt - khaws cia ntawm cov khoom ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib pawg loj, nyob rau hauv av los yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsoo, them nrog straw, peat los yog sawdust nrog ib tug qhov cua system thiab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm dej nyab. Feem ntau cov zaub uas muab cia rau hauv ib lub dab tshos (qos yaj ywm, beets, cabbage).Straw thiab manure (litter) nteg tawm txheej ntawm 25-30 cm tuab. Thawj zaug thiab zaum kawg txheej yuav tsum tau straw. Sab saum toj kawg compost yuav them nrog ib tug zaj duab xis, tab sis nyob rau sab yuav tsum qhov rau qhov cua.
Tom qab 3 lub lis piam hauv qhov sib tov muaj qhov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog (hlawv), thaum lub sij hawm ammonia, carbon dioxide thiab dej vapors raug tso tawm, thiab qhov kub nyob hauv caj dab tuaj yeem ncav 70 ° C. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, koj yuav tsum tau tua lub compost 3-4 lub sij hawm.
Cov thawj thav duab yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 6-7 hnub, txiv qaub los yog gypsum tseem ntxiv rau qhov sib tov.
Npaj cov tshuaj substrate - nws yog homogeneous friable loj ntawm tsaus xim xim av, tsis hnov tsw ntawm ammonia yog tsis tuaj nyob hauv nws. Yog hais tias sib tov yog dhau ntub, nws yuav tsum tawg ri me ntsis kom qhuav thiab tsoo dua. Cov zis yog 200-250 kg ntawm substrate, uas sib raug mus rau 2.5-3 square metres. m thaj tsam loj hlob nceb.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tsis xav thab nrog rau kev npaj ntawm lub substrate, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom ua kom tiav. Lub compost blocks twb cog nrog mycelium yog nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Lawv yog cov yooj yim mus thauj, thiab shrink film tiv thaiv lub compost los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib txhia tuam txhab muaj cov khoom siv npaj txhij rau kev cog ntoo ntawm champignons, muaj ib qho substrate, mycelium thiab casing txheej.
Nrhiav tau ntawm mycelium (mycelium) champignon
Niaj hnub no nws tsis yog yooj yim kom tau txais lub nceb mycelium. Cov nplooj ntawv Web site yog tag nrho ntawm cov tawm rau mycelium ntawm ntau lub ntim thiab nqe pawg. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los xaiv cov khoom zoo siab-zoo cog.
Stereile pob kws Mushroom mycelium - Qhov no yog ib tug mycelium, lub cab kuj uas yog boiled thiab sterilized grain. Mycelium ntawm champignon feem ntau yog tsim nyob rau hauv rye grains, uas nyob rau thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob kev noj haus rau lub mycelium.
Grain mycelium yog muag hauv hnab yas nrog cov roj lim pauv. Ib qho cereal zoo me me mycelium yog ib qho hnyav heev (dawb) rau tag nrho cov sab thiab muaj cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw. Ib qho me me ntsuab qhia tau hais tias muaj cov pwm hu ua pwm, thiab ib qho kua qaub qhia tias tus kab mob muaj tus kab mob bacteriosis.
Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub pob ntim, cereal mycelium yog cia rau 1-2 lub lis piam, thiab hauv lub tub yees kom txog li 3 lub hlis. Ua ntej cog, lub mycelium cia nyob hauv lub tub yees yuav tsum tau ceev cia rau hauv chav tsev kub ib hnub tsis qhib lub pob kom thiaj li hloov tau lub mycelium ua ntej immersion nyob rau hauv ib tug sov substrate.
Compost mycelium yog ib tug compost on uas nceb tau zus thiab uas yog ib tug cab kuj ntawm mycelium.
Koj puas paub? Cov noob qoob loo zoo tshaj plaws rau cov qoob loo ua rau qee lub chaw kuaj mob qis.
Nteg qhov sib tov rau lub tsaws ntawm mycelium
Ua ntej pib ua hauj lwm rau kev tsim cov champignons hauv tsev hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tau kho cov kab mob thiab cov pwm. Piv txwv li, koj muaj peev xwm disinfect lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa nrog txiv qaub thiab tooj liab sulphate. Tom qab ntsuas qhov ntsuas, chav tsev yuav tsum muaj qhov cua.
Rau pib xyaum ua ntawm nceb txaus 3 square. Cov thawv rau champignons kom txuag tau qhov chaw tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv tiers ntawm cov txee.
Lub substrate yog pw tawm nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 25-30 cm, me ntsis compacting nws. Kev kwv yees txog kev qis ntawm substrate yog 100 kg ntawm 1 sq. m
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib qho loj hauv qab daus yuav muab faib ua ob peb qhov chaw: ib qho siv los tsim kom muaj kabmob, qhov thib ob rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev, thiab qhov thib peb rau kev npaj lub substrate.
Cog mycelium (mycelium)
Grain mycelium yog tsuas yog cog thiab them nrog ib txheej ntawm substrate 5 cm tuab. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua qhov 4-5 cm tob, tshem cov av nrog ib tug peg, nyob qhov twg ib tug puv tes ntawm grain los yog compost mycelium yog muab tso rau.
Thaum lub mycelium pib loj hlob, thiab qhov no yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1-2 lub lis piam, lub saum npoo ntawm substrate yuav tsum tau them nrog ib tug 3-4 cm txheej ntawm to top av. . Roj pauv ntawm huab cua thiab nplooj lwg nyob ntawm tus qauv ntawm cov kab casing.
Npog av tuaj yeem ua los ntawm koj tus kheej los yog yuav npaj tau. Rau qhov kev npaj ntawm qhob tsev sib tov koj yuav tsum tau 9 qhov chaw ntawm peat thiab ib feem ntawm chalk los yog 5 qhov chaw ntawm peat, 1 feem ntawm chalk, 4 seem ntawm vaj av. Rau 1 square. m cheeb tsam koj yuav tsum tau siv 50 kg ntawm npog av.
Koj puas paub? Qhov noj tau ntawm nceb mycelium yog 350-400 g ib 1 sq. M m rau grain thiab 500 g ib 1 square. m rau compost.
Kub tswj thiab champignons tu thaum lub sijhawm loj hlob
Hauv tsev koj tau txais cov nceb tshiab txhua xyoo puag ncig. Chav tsev yuav tsum huv thiab raug kaw los ntawm sab nrauv, nyiam dua nrog ib qho chaw hauv pem teb. Cov nceb yuav tsis muaj qhov kaj, tab sis zoo qhov yoojyim yog qhov tsim nyog, tab sis tsis pub muaj cov ntawv tsim.
Thaum lub caij sov so, cellars, cellars, sheds, storerooms, garages, thiab attics tuaj yeem yoog rau cov champignons, qhov twg qhov kub thiab txias yog nyob rau ntawm 16-25 ° C thiab cov cua tshuab yog 65-85%. Qhov kub thaum lub sijhawm no hloov tau los ntawm qhov cua. Av qoob loo yuav raug kho los ntawm kev txau (ua kom zoo) los yog dav hlau (kom txo qis dua).
Thaum lub caij txias, tsuas yog sov so chav uas muaj kev kho kom haum thiaj tsim nyog, ntxiv li cua sov yuav tsum muaj.
Thawj 10-12 hnub tom qab cog mycelium sab hauv tsev, qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau ceev cia ntawm 25 ° C. Thaum lub mycelium nthuav, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum qis rau 18-20 ° C, thiab ntxiv nyob rau ntawm 16-20 ° C.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Los saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias ntawm chav nyob qhov twg nceb noj, koj yuav tsum nruab ib tus pas ntsuas kub thiab lub hygrometer.Protein tshuaj yog qee zaum siv los ua kom cov zaub mov muaj nqis ntawm cov nplooj lwg. Ib txhia ntawm lawv nkag tau rau hauv lub substrate thaum lub sij hawm sowing ntawm mycelium, lwm tus - ua ntej thov lub casing txheej hauv compost overgrown nrog mycelium.
Harvesting champignons
Thawj lub cev txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshwm 35-40 hnub tom qab cog lub mycelium.
Cov nceb yuav tsis txiav, raws li peb siv los ua tom hav zoov, puas yog sau lawv los ntawm sib ntswg. Lawv pwm fungi thiab tsis muaj paus system, mycelium nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tsis puas, ib tug tshiab fungus sai hlob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no. Tab sis lub remnants ntawm kev txiav nce nceb tau rot, attracting kab.
Miv chaw tom qab sau qoob loo yuav tsum them nrog npog av thiab maj mam watered. Cov tawm los ntawm champignons rau ib lub hlis - txog li 10 kg ib 1 sq. Tom qab harvesting, tom qab 1.5-2 lub lis piam, lub nceb tshwm dua.
Mushroom cultivation nyob rau hauv tsev tsis yooj yim, tej zaum kuj tsis heev qab ntxiag. Tab sis qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nplua nuj sau ntawm fragrant thiab six nceb rau koj lub rooj los yog rau muag justifies tag nrho cov kev siv zog.
