Strawberry-Strawberry "Txee" tsis yog suav tias yog ib qho tshiab ntawm ntau hom kev ua teb thiab cov tswv teb, tab sis nws tsis tau poob nws cov coj noj coj ua nyob rau hauv yooj yim ntawm pheej yig ua liaj ua teb technology thiab zoo siab rau ntau tshaj 40 xyoo.
Ntau yam piav qhia
Strawberry "Shelf" yog bred nyob rau hauv Netherlands nyob rau hauv 1977 los ntawm selectively hla Strawberry ntau yam "Sivetta" thiab "Unduka", tom qab uas nws sai sai ua ntau nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws: Ukraine, Russia, Belarus thiab Baltic lub xeev. 
Koj puas paub? Strawberries tau raug coj tuaj rau ntawm sab qaum teb sab qaum teb sab qaum teb sab qaum teb tsuas yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua paub, tab sis nws cov txheeb ze tus tsiaj qus Strawberry tau loj hlob tuaj ntawm peb thaj av txij thaum ub.
Externally, Shelf nroj tsuag yog ib tug kis Bush ntawm medium qhov siab (10-12 cm) nrog muaj zog pubescent stems ntawm inflorescences tias nyob rau theem ntawm nplooj thiab tuav lub hanging berries. Cov nplooj yog ci iab, tsaus ntsuab, nrog sib sib zog nqus hniav raws cov npoo.
Qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam:
- unpretentious zov;
Cov paj ntoo uas tsis muaj qhov sib txawv xws li "Bereginya", "Elsanta", "Zenga Zengana", "Kimberly", "Chamora Turusi", "Tristan", "Kama", "Russian size".
- kev nyab xeeb siab txawm tias thaum caij tsheb npav ntev;
- txias tsis kam;
- tsis kam mus rau tej yam kab mob thiab hom kab tsuag;
- muag heev aroma thiab qab zib caramel tsw ntawm berries;
- universality nyob rau hauv kev siv (kev siv tshiab, txhua hom kev ua);
- haum rau industrial cultivation.
Cov tsis zoo ntawm "Tus Vaj Ntxhais" muaj xws li:
- nyuaj zam lub ntuj qhuav heev. Qhov ceeb thawj yog poob sai sai, thiab saj ntawm berries yog txo;
- yuav tsum tau hloov kho txhua qhov;
- bushes yuav tsum tau nquag pruning vim kev loj hlob sai.
Distinctive los ntawm lwm yam ntau yam, lub disadvantage yog sai degeneration: Txawm hais tias lub voj voos ntawm lub voj voos kav ntev txog 4 xyoos, ib qho zoo thiab loj qoob loo tuaj yeem sau los ntawm nws rau tsuas yog ob.
Yam ntxwv ntawm berries thiab tawm los
Lub ntsiab zoo dua ntawm ntau yam yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog agronomic yam ntxwv uas txaus nyiam rau tej gardener:
- nyob rau hauv cov duab, lub Shelf Berry yog ib tug blunt thiab luv luv ntsiab;
- ripening txiv hmab txiv ntoo sai sai tau ib cov xim liab cov cim, tab sis nyob rau theem ntawm tag nrho kom loj hlob lawv tig tsaus liab;
- qhov npog tev yog glossy, densely them nrog ntau, tsis heev cog noob;
- lub pulp yog ntom thiab muaj kua, tsis muaj voids. Nws muaj xim muaj xim zoo nkauj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub voj voog, thiab sib zog ua pinkish ntxoov ntxoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw;
- Strawberry saj yog qab zib nrog kev hloov maj mam thiab muaj tus cwj pwm "caramel" nyob rau hauv lub aftertaste. Hais lus tsw;
- qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov berries nyob ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm sau: nruab nrab qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm thawj nthwv dej yog txog 50 g, lub thib ob ib tug yog tsawg 20 g.
Koj tsis tuaj yeem hu rau ntau hom kabmob super-yielding: tsuas yog 2-2.5 kg ntawm berries yuav tua tau los ntawm ib square meter ntawm cog cheeb tsam, txawm li ntawd los, lub Txais Dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo stably ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv av qhib tej yam kev mob thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev cog khoom.
Agrotechnics ntawm loj hlob thiab saib xyuas rau strawberries
Strawberry "Txee" yog qhov kev txiav txim siab muab khaws cia rau hauv kev loj hlob, tab sis kom tau ib tug nplua nuj tiag tiag thiab qoob loo zoo, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qee yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas rau ntau yam.
Taw tes "Txee" nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev: nrog kev pab ntawm muas seedlings, sib cais whiskers, los yog cog noob (seedlings).
Nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog zoo dua mus rau xa mus rau yav tas, txij li cov kauj ruam ua step-by-step ntawm noob yeej ib txwm muab ib tug zoo tshwm sim:
- bushes loj hlob ntau zoo, nrog zoo tus kab mob tsis kam;
- kev qhia tawm nce ntxiv;
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov ntau loj thiab tastier.
Xaiv ntawm seedlings
Txhua tus paub gardener paub hais tias tsawg kawg 50% ntawm txoj kev vam meej nyob ntawm qhov tseeb xaiv ntawm zoo seedlings:
- cog cov khoom yuav tsum yeej ib txwm tau yuav hauv cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev pab dawb ntawm tus neeg muag khoom thiab ua tib zoo xav txog cov khoom muag;
- Lub pob nrog cov khoom yuav tsum ua kom zoo, nrog rau cov hnub tas sij hawm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub qab lub noob qoob loo, lub siab lawv yuav germinate, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj cov uas yuav sai sai.
Noob rau cog yuav npaj ntawm nws tus kheej, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog los nqa tawm cov txheej txheem no raws li kev qhia tshwj xeeb:
- muab ib tug txiv neeb, ntxhuav mos mos thiab txiav tawm sab saum toj ntawm nws;
- maj mam tev tawm sab saum toj ntawm daim tawv nqaij cov noob thiab muab tso rau ntawm daim ntaub tuab, ntaub huv los yog ntawv;
- muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sov, qhuav rau 2-3 hnub;
- tom qab lub hnub tas sij hawm, rub cov khoom qhuav hauv lub xib teg kom tshem cov noob;
- muab lub seedlings nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab (nyiam dua daim ntaub) rau ntxiv cia.
Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov txog kev kho mob ua ntej ntawm seedlings ua ntej sowing, uas muaj xws li:
- Tsau cov noob. Kev siv tshuaj zoo "NV-101" lossis "Zircon" yog tsim rau kev ntxias.
- Stratification. Qhov yooj yim kev xaiv yog nteg tawm seedlings on wetted paj rwb pawm, npog lawv nrog tib discs on top thiab muab lawv nyob rau hauv qab txee ntawm lub tub yees rau 3 hnub.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev raug txim
Rau germination ntawm npaj seedlings, feem ntau xaiv tshwj xeeb vaj lub pob ntim, uas yog pib sau nrog decontaminated siv 1% poov tshuaj permanganate, ces tightly tamped thiab richly moistened.
Cov nplej tau muab tso rau saum cov av saum npoo nrog cov kis ntawm 2 cm ntawm txhua lwm yam. Tom qab ntawd lub khob ntim rau sab saum toj nrog lub hau nrog ntau lub qhov (rau qhov cua) thiab rov qab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sov so, zoo tiv thaiv ntawm lub hnub ci ncaj nraim.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv yuav yog qhov kev tso kawm ntawm ntim nrog seedlings rau sab hnub poob los yog sab hnub tuaj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txiv pos nphuab tsis tuaj yeem tos qhov phem, yog li qhov yuav zoo tshaj plaws rau sowing lawv yuav ntim cov thawv loj, uas koj yuav tsis xav tau ntxiv transplanting mus rau hauv cov neeg ntim rau yav tom ntej.
Av thiab chiv
Nws yog ua tau los siv rau yuav khoom ntawm ob qho tib si lub yuav, thiab ntawm nws tus kheej tau ua av mix.
Rau qhov xub thawj koj xav tau cov khoom xyaw nram qab no:
- lowland peat - ¼;
- dej xuab zeb - ¼;
- sod thaj - 2/4.
Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog homemade substrate:
- dej xuab zeb - 1/5;
- vermicompost - 1/5;
- peat - 3/5.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov av yuav tsum yog ib txwm los yog me ntsis acidic, nrog ib tug permissible pH ntawm tsis qis tshaj 5.5. Fertilizers tsis yog yuav tsum tau nyob rau theem ntawm cog. 
Dej thiab noo noo
Thaum xub thawj, tsim nyog microclimate tsim hauv lub thawv, yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tsis tsim nyog qhib lub thawv lub hau. Raws li txoj cai, cov noob tsis xav tau cov dej, lawv muaj txaus ua kom dej ntws tawm ntawm lub hau npog.
Kawm seb yuav ua li cas rau dej strawberries thaum cog kom tau txais ib daim ntawv cog lus, ntau npaum li cas rau dej strawberries.
Tom qab kev tshwm sim ntawm tua, lub tank yuav tsum ventilated txhua hnub thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov av nyob rau hauv nws tsis qhuav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhuav av, sprouts yuav tsum moistened nrog sib cais dej, watering lawv nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb kev kho mob syringe.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, dej yuav tsum ua ib zaug ib lub lim tiam, thaum sawv ntxov los yog yav tsaus ntuj. 
Kev sib raug zoo rau qhov kub thiab txias
Yuav kom tau ntau tus phooj ywg tua, kaw ntim nrog cov noob yuav tsum tau ceev cia nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev sov so, nrog huab cua sov ntawm +25 mus +27 degrees. Tom qab qhov kev loj hlob ntawm seedlings thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub cover, nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm tsim ntawm ib me ntsis qis kub (+20 degrees).
Thiab twb ua ntej lub tsaws hauv av, txog ib hnub, lub ntim yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev txias, nrog cua kub ntawm txog +15 degrees.
Luam thiab cog
Thiaj li rau Strawberry seedlings kom loj hlob zoo, kom loj hlob muaj zog, loj hlob mus rau txoj cai loj thiab yuav npaj txhij rau cog nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av, yam tsawg kawg ob lub hlis yuav tsum dhau los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm sowing. 
Kev xav txog ntawm "Txee", kev hloov yuav tsum tau muab coj los siv thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev kub ntxhov txav - hauv peb xyoo ntawm lub yim hli ntuj los yog thaum lub Cuaj Hli, tom qab ntawd cov ceg yuav tau sai sai rau ntawm qhov chaw tshiab thiab muaj sij hawm kom muaj zog los ntawm lub caij ntuj no txias.
Kawm txog cov nta ntawm cog strawberries nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Cov lus pom zoo rau kev tsaws thiab kev saib xyuas:
- cov av nyob rau hauv uas seedlings yuav tsum muab tso rau yuav tsum me ntsis acidic, thiab zoo li pre-fertilized organic teeb meem (ntawm tus nqi ntawm 5 kg ntawm manure ib square Meter);
- qhov deb ntawm seedlings yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 35 cm, thiab nruab nrab ntawm kab - 50 cm, txij li ib tug ceev kaw tsis zoo cuam tshuam lawv kev nplij siab thiab qub kev loj hlob;
- lub strawberry tsis xav tau kev pab ntxiv - lub bushes yuav hauv paus nrog ib tug zoo-tsim paus system, thiab ib tug muaj zog soj caum nrog ntau nplooj yuav tsim nyob rau saum npoo;
- thawj lub sij hawm kev pub noj mov yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Fertilizer muaj ib qho mineral ntxiv los yog ib qho kev daws ntawm mullein. Thaum lub sij hawm nruab nrab theem, lub nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau fertilized nrog poov tshuaj nitrate, nqaij qaib droppings los yog ntoo tshauv;
- Dej yuav tsum tau nqa tawm los ntawm drip dej txhua lub lim tiam, pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Plaub Hlis thiab xaus rau thaum ntxov Lub yim hli ntuj. Rau humidification, nws yog ntshaw kom siv dej nyob rau ntawm chav tsev kub.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ua ntej qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias, tus kws kho hniav yuav tsum xav txog sheltering Shelves rau lub caij ntuj no. Ua ntej frosts, strawberries muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej nrog cov loj heev lawm nplooj, tom qab - kev tiv thaiv yuav nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm nag lossis daus. Nrog hnyav snowfall, cov nroj tsuag yuav nkaum lawv tus kheej nrog ib tug loj txheej ntawm snow, uas yuav muab lawv nrog cua sov zoo meej. Thaum qhuav, cua hlob huab cua tsis muaj nag lossis daus, coniferous Pine ceg, straw thiab qhuav nplooj yuav yog qhov zoo rau qhov chaw nkaum.
Raws li sau tseg saum toj no, ntxiv rau kev loj hlob tawm ntawm noob, txiv pos nphuab ntawm "Txee" ntau yam yuav tsum tau muaj kev pab los ntawm kev pab ntawm cov nroj tsuag (yub tua ntawm lub rosettes ntawm nplooj tau ua).
Yuav kom tau txais ib qho chaw cog khoom haum, tus txiv neej yuav tsum xaiv ib lub hwj txwv nrog ib lub rosette muaj zog hauv lub Xya Hli, xaiv qhov feem ntau kev noj qab nyob zoo menyuam yaus tsis muaj pathologies. Tom ntej no, lub qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau sib cais ntawm lub hauv paus loj thiab tsaws cais nyob rau hauv cov thawv npaj nrog ib tug substrate muaj xws li ntawm vaj teb av, xuab zeb, peat thiab humus.
Thaum thawj keeb kwm tshwm nyob rau hauv cog mustache, lawv yuav tsum tau sprinkled nrog damp lub ntiaj teb. On kub hnub, watering cov khoom yog nqa tawm 2-3 zaug ib lub lim tiam. Yog hais tias huab cua yog rainy, kom tsis txhob compaction, cov av yuav tsum tau zoo plowed. Tshaj li 2.5 lub hlis tom qab pib ntawm kev loj hlob, rooted mustache yuav muab thawj zaug sau. 
Loj hlob thiab kev pom zoo
Ntxiv nrog rau cov kev cai yooj yim rau cog "Cov Vaj tse" hauv av qhib, tus kws kho mob tshiab yuav tsum xa cov tswv yim ntxiv kom thiaj li zam tau qee yam ntawm cov teeb meem nrog cov varietal yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag yav tom ntej:
- Pruning overgrown nplooj thiab whiskers los ntawm shrubs. Ib txoj kev raws sij hawm yuav cia tsis tsuas yog los tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov pests, tab sis kuj yuav muab rau lawv nrog ib tug ntau xis wintering. Trimming yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov los yog thaum yav tsaus ntuj, siv ib tug ntse shear rau manipulation.
- Autumn mulching ntawm cov av tiv thaiv lub paj stalks los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog rau hauv av, thiab tseem muab vaj tse rau hauv paus system nyob rau hauv lub txias. Raws li organic mulch, humus, straw, compost los yog chiv tau siv tau, thiab inorganic mulch, pob zeb, yas zaj duab xis los yog mulch ntawv, uas tsis rot thiab tsis muaj teeb meem coloring Cheebtsam, tej zaum yuav haum.
Kab tsuag, kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv
Hmoov tsis, "Txee" ntau yam tsis txawv los ntawm nws txoj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau ntau yam kab mob thiab tawm tsam cov kab tsuag, yog li ntawd nws tseem xav tau kev tiv thaiv raws sij hawm thiab, qee zaum, kev kho mob. 
Cov kab mob uas tshwm sim feem ntau "Rhawv":
- fusarium thiab lig blight - tus kab mob uas ua tsis zoo uas ua rau kom pom nws tus kheej ua xim av me ntsis ntawm nplooj thiab petioles, nrog rau cov npoo ntawm daim nplooj ntoo khov rau sab saum toj;
- grey rot tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug fluffy Bloom on qhov tshwm sim ntawm xim av me ntsis nyob rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws tshwm sim feem ntau yog vim heev rains thiab sai sai jumps mus rau nyob sib ze berries. Tus kab mob yog xav tias tsis tsim nyog, tom qab discovery ntawm thawj cov cim qhia ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum raug muab pov tseg;
- dawb los sis xim av - Mob fungal, multiplying spores. Cov nplooj tshwm dawb los yog xim av me ntsis, uas maj mam sib tshuam, npog tag nrho saum npoo. Vim li ntawd, cov nplooj ntoos yuav daj thiab tuag;
- powdery mildew - Ib tug kab mob nyob rau hauv uas nplooj tig liab doog thiab curl rau hauv tubes, kuj dawb quav hniav tshwm nyob rau lawv saum npoo. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm diseased strawberries ua deformed thiab tseem them nrog Bloom.
Ntawm cov kab tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas zoo heev ntawm zuj zus Strawberry plantings yog hnov: nematode, weevil, shaggy bronze, strawberry thiab kab laug sab mite, nroj tsuag louse, dais, slugs thiab haus luam yeeb mus ncig ua si.
Cov kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kev ntsuas:
- raws sij hawm transplanting strawberries mus rau ib qhov chaw tshiab (tsawg txhua plaub xyoo);
- ua ntej cog, qhov kev kho mob ntawm lub hauv paus system nrog ib tug stimulator txoj kev loj hlob, thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov av nrog ib tug daws ntawm iodine;
- av mulching;
- ua ntej flowering, processing berries Bordeaux kua (2-3%);
- raws sij hawm trimming ntawm bushes los ntawm tshaj whiskers thiab tua;
- yog hais tias ib tug ntau yam yog puas, pests ntawm strawberries tau sprayed nrog ib tug daws ntawm qhuav mustard, Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm ntoo tshauv, ib tug sib tov ntawm wormwood thiab haus luam yeeb, thiab qej kua.
Koj puas paub? Strawberry yog tsuas yog Berry nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, lub noob ntawm uas nyob sab nraum, tsis sab hauv. Lawv muab cov tib neeg lub cev nrog ntxuav ntawm slags nrog insoluble fibers.
Ntau ntau "Txee" tsis yog thawj zaug thiab ntau dua li qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ntau lwm yam niaj hnub. Txawm li ntawd los, gardeners tsis txiav tsis cog cov txiv pos nphuab txhua xyoo hauv lawv thaj av, vam ntsoov kom tau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas zoo heev caramel tsw.
Cov tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg siv network
