Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub teb, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cultivated nroj tsuag. Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tswj kom khom nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb thaj av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab ua ib tug tiag tiag benchmark, heev tsim hom. Ib qho xws li cov nroj tsuag yog lub Cascade Delight raspberry ntau yam. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib yam khoom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub no, uas nyob rau hauv ob peb lub xyoo tau dhau los ua ntau txoj kev nyiam rau ob qho tib si gardeners thiab cov lag luam loj loj. Txawm li cas los, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj ntau ntawm peb paub dab tsi ntau yam no tiag tiag xav tau kev vam meej kev loj hlob thiab siab-zoo fruiting. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav qhia lub secrets ntawm kev vam meej cultivation ntawm raspberry "Cascade Delight", as Well as xyuas nyob rau hauv kom meej lub agrotechnics ntawm nws cultivation.
Ntau yam piav qhia
Ntau "Cascade Delight" yog ib qho khoom ntawm kev xaiv ntawm Asmeskas. Cov nroj tsuag tau nyob hauv Washington (teb chaws USA) nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Puileap kev tshawb nrhiav chaw nres tsheb ncaj qha hla cov ntau yam WSU 994 thiab Chilliwack hauv 1989. Xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov nroj tsuag niam tau ua rau nws txais tau ib qho kev zoo txaus txiv hmab txiv ntoo-kabmob kev cai, uas yog qhov txawv tsis yog los ntawm high yield, tab sis, nplua nuj saj cov yam ntxwv.
Xyuas seb qhov zoo tshaj plaws raspberry ntau yam: Herideage, Barnaulskaya, Ispolin, Muaj nuj nqis ntawm Russia, Canadian, Kirzhach, Polka, Atlas, Cumberland, Tyberry thiab Karamelka .
Cov nroj tsuag yog ib lub pob zeb ntev uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 1 mus rau 3 meters. Nrog rau tag nrho cov kev cai agrotechnical, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom tau txais ib qho haib, tab sis compact nroj tsuag nrog ib tug tav toj coj ntawm tua. Lub saum npoo ntawm ceg yog tus, tus xov tooj ntawm pos yog tsawg. Cov theem ntawm noob tsim yog medium, lub shrub muaj peev xwm muab txog 7-8 tua ntawm hloov chaw. Cov nplooj ntawm "Cascade Delight" yog loj thiab dav, lawv muaj ib txoj hauv kev. Cov nplooj yog nyob ntawm tua nyob rau hauv pawg ntawm 3 pieces, uas ua rau nws tau ntxoov lub berries los ntawm ntau lub hnub. Hauv paus system ntawm Bush yog heev branched thiab sinuous, nws pab nroj tsuag kom xyuam xim nrog tej yam kev phom sij. 
Lub flowering ntawm Bush yog tshaj, lub paj yog me me, txog 1 cm nyob rau hauv Cross seem. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm active flowering, lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv cov cwj pwm racemes uas nyob rau hauv nplooj ntoos axils los yog nyob rau saum ntawm ceg. Cov nroj tsuag belongs rau ntau yam ntawm nruab nrab-thaum ntxov ripening, yog li ntawd active fruiting ntawm raspberries nyob rau hauv temperate climates tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub Xya hli ntuj, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam warmer - nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj. Fruiting feem ntau tsis stretched, lub sij hawm ntawm harvesting txiv hmab txiv ntoo kav rau tsis pub ntev tshaj 21-24 hnub.
Tom qab flowering lub bushes ripen muaj kua thiab fragrant berries ntawm nplua nuj liab hues. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau yam yog me me, plaub hau drupes, fused ua ke nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm receptacle. Raspberry yog tsim rau ob qho tib si amateur thiab kev cob qhia rau kev siv hauv raw daim ntawv, thiab ib qho khoom raw rau txhua hom dej, jams, preserves, thiab lwm yam.
Koj puas paub? Qhov thib ib yog hais txog kev cog qoob loo, raws li cov neeg sau zaj dab neeg thiab cov kws sau ntawv Cato tus Txwj Laug, tau rov qab mus rau III xyoo BC. er
Lub ntsiab thaj tsam ntawm cov loj hlob berries:
- Belarus;
- Belgium;
- United Kingdom;
- Russia;
- Tebchaws Meskas;
- Ukraine
- high yield thiab zoo ntawm qoob loo;
- tsis kam ntawm berries rau poob;
- haum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau kev ua qoob loo;
- nce kom zoo ntawm cov qoob loo;
- zoo Berry kev thauj mus los;
- kev nthuav qhia zoo ntawm cov qoob loo;
- high tsis kam ntawm cov nroj tsuag mus rau anthracnose, paus rot thiab grey rot;
- tsis kam mus rau drought thiab loj heev frosts.
Txawm li cas los, qhov no raspberry muaj nws cov drawbacks. Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lawv tsis hloov kho qhov kev xav zoo txog ntau yam, lawv yuav tsum paub txog txhua tus neeg loj hlob uas muaj zog kom loj hlob Cascade Delight ntawm nws lub ntsiab lus. Cov no suav nrog:
- qhov xav tau ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb ua liaj ua teb;
- uneven kev loj hlob ntawm tua nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob;
- tsawg tsis kam ntawm ntau yam rau kev ntsias;
- uneven xim ntawm berries (nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus).
- qhov peev xwm los tsim cov nyiaj qiv siab tshaj plaws rau ib lub sijhawm tsawg kawg;
- cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj dua ntau yam (15-20%);
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib txawv nyob rau hauv kev siv saj thiab aroma;
- tshwj xeeb qhov chaw ntawm nplooj ntawm tua (pab tiv thaiv cov berries los ntawm ntau hnub ci hluav taws xob);
- qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm spikes ntawm tua, uas facilitates tus txheej txheem ntawm harvesting.
Yam ntxwv ntawm berries thiab tawm los
"Cascade Delight" yog cov ua los ntawm ib qho siab ncaj tawm los. Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij, nrog industrial cultivation, nws yog ib qhov ua tau mus sau txog li 5 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm ib Bush, tab sis nyob rau hauv vaj tej yam mob, tus tawm los tau nce txog li 7 kg. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom tuaj sib sau ua ke txog 20-25 tons ntawm berries los ntawm 1 hectare ntawm plantings. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib txawv hauv qhov loj loj, tib lub sij hawm qhov nyhav ntawm ib qho nqaij ntawm ib qho ntawm 6-8 g. Cov duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog conical, me ntsis elongated. Tsis hais seb ntawm tej yam kev mob loj hlob ntawm cov berries muaj ib tug ci thiab nplua nuj tsw. Lawv yog cov nqaij mos, muaj kua nplaum thiab nqaij tawv, nrog rau kev qoj ib ce thiab muaj theem siab qab zib.
Koj puas paub? Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias raspberries twb paub mus rau lub ancient Loos thiab Greeks, lawv tau pib siv nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv IV xyoo pua, ua ntej no nroj tsuag tau siv tshwj rau ib tus kws kho mob.
Agrotehnika cultivation thiab kev saib xyuas rau raspberries
Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub cultivator cultivating Cascade Delight ntau yam yog xyaum tsis sib txawv ntawm cultivating raspberry ntau yam. Txawm li cas los, zoo li lwm yam nroj tsuag, no raspberry nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab secrets ntawm nws cultivation, uas muab nws nrog high yields thiab siab tshaj plaws txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog ua tiav nruj heev ntawm txhua txoj kev loj hlob rau qoob loo yuav hloov tsis tau txoj hauv kev tsuas muaj txiaj ntsim, tab sis kuj ua haujlwm yooj yim. 
Xaiv ntawm seedlings
Raspberry yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau unpretentious nroj tsuag, yog li txawm txawm tsis muaj zog seedlings yog peev xwm ntawm muaj kev vam meej rooting. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, txhua yam yog tsis yog li rosy. Hais rau cov nroj tsuag kom sai sai sai thiab sai txaus siab nrog nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tsuas yog high-zoo cog cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau xaiv rau cog. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev xaiv ntawm seedlings yuav tsum tau txav mus zeb nrog tshwj xeeb scrupulousness.
Ntxiv nrog rau liab raspberry ntau yam, daj thiab dub raspberries kuj pom nyob rau hauv tsev teb, nrog ntau yam khoom siv.
Lub ntsiab nta ntawm zoo seedlings:
- qhov tseeb ntev ntawm seedling (tsis ntau tshaj 15-20 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab);
- ob peb lub taub hau ntawm cov ntoo ntawm ib lub hav txwv yau;
- nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub stems yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 3 zaum qhuav buds, txij thaum nws yog los ntawm lawv hais tias cov tub ntxhais hluas tua yuav loj hlob, on uas qoob loo yuav siav;
- branched thiab haib paus system nrog ntub thiab ywj pheej keeb kwm, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Thaum xaiv seedlings yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov cia tej yam kev mob ntawm cov khoom cog, txij li no qhov ncaj qha cuam tshuam lub viability ntawm seedlings. Cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum cia kom txias thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev tshav ntuj ncaj qha. Nws yog tsis tsim nyog khaws cov nroj tsuag hauv hnab yas thiab hnab. Qhov no ua rau lub zog thiab rotting ntawm lawv cov hauv paus system, uas yog lub ntsiab ua rau kev tuag ntawm seedlings nyob rau hauv lub vaj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nrhiav tau ntawm cov khoom cog hauv cov muag khoom lag luam tsis pom zoo. Xws li seedlings feem ntau tsis muaj tsim nyog varietal purity, yog li rau cov khoom zoo yuav tsum tau kho tshwj rau tus kheej hauv khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov thauj cov seedlings nyob rau hauv ib tug xoob, me ntsis moistened paj rwb ntaub, uas yuav muab cov nroj tsuag nrog rau tsim nyog noo noo thiab oxygen nkag. Tab sis thaum thauj seedlings kom luv luv, siv cov hnab yas rau ntim yog tseem pub, thiab cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau muab nrog zoo qhov cua. Tom qab txais, seedlings yog transplanted mus rau qhib av nyob rau hauv 24 teev, yog hais tias tsim nyog, no tus txheej txheem yuav raug ncua rau ob peb hnub, tab sis rau qhov no, lub seedlings yuav tsum tau me ntsis faus nyob rau hauv cov av thiab watered nplua mias. 
Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev raug txim
Lub raspberry xav zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj, zoo-zes cov cheeb tsam, deb ntawm drafts. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau qhov tas mus li qhov cua, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv cov cheeb tsam qhib. Qhov zoo ntawm tag nrho cov bushes yuav xav tias nyob rau sab qab teb los yog sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub site nrog ib tug tsawg laj kab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub bushes yuav maximally tiv thaiv los ntawm khaub thuas cua, txawm hais tias ntawm cov yam ntxwv climatic ntawm cheeb tsam.
Raspberries yog cog nyob rau hauv qhuav kab ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 2.5 cm los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Thaum cog qoob cog qoob loj thiab nruab nrab, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas nyob ib sab ntawd yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 1-1.5 m, thaum cog cov qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo yuav raug txo kom poob mus rau 0.7 m. Cov kab no cog rau hauv qhov chaw sib xyaw ua ntej thiab fertilized av.
Cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tsis txwv rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov qoob loo, zoo li qhov ze ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev loj hlob thiab tawm los ntawm raspberries. Ua li no, ntawm qhov ze li ntawm 1 meter ntawm cov nroj tsuag, koj yuav tsum tau tso pov tseg cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas cog, tsim ib qho kev hloov me me los ntawm qus qus los nyom nyom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txiav cov nyom periodically thiaj li kom tsis txhob muaj kev loj hlob oppression thiab kev ua si tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag. 
Tsis tas li ntawd, raspberry zoo teb rau weeding thiab loosening cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Bush. Txoj kev siv qhov hnyav li no yuav pab kom lub cev ntawm cov av nrog cov pa, thiab kuj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo cov naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob parasitic. Rau thawj lub sij hawm weeding thiab loosening yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab ces tus txheej txheem yog nqa tawm ib ntus thiab raws li xav tau, tab sis tsawg kawg 3-4 zaug ib lub hlis.
Av thiab chiv
Cultivate ntau yam yuav tsum tau on fertile, zoo-drained xau, yog li ntawd, kom loj hlob shrubs on pluag av nplaum, loamy thiab Sandy unprepared xau tsis pom zoo. Tias yog vim li cas ua ntej cog cov av yuav tsum tau fertilized. Cov txheej txheem pib nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tom qab ua tiav yaj ntawm qhuav dej los ntawm lub site.
Siv cov av qe, siv cov organic chiv: straw, pigeon droppings, Florex granulated nqaij qaib droppings, pob txha noj mov, ntses noj, whey, qos yaj ywm tev, compost, eggshell, txiv tsawb taum chiv thiab luam yeeb.
Ua li no, humus los yog compost yog muab tso rau hauv cov av ntawm tus nqi ntawm 5-7 kg / sq m. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, organic chiv yog tov nrog xuab zeb nyob rau hauv ib tug 2: 1 ratio los txhim kho cov kab mob hauv cov dej. Lub site yuav tsum tau kuj saturated nrog pob zeb hauv av chiv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, superphosphate (90 g / sq m) nrog ntxiv ntawm potassium sulphate (70 g / sq m) yog haum rau cov hom phiaj no. Yog hais tias koj qhov chaw tsis xav tau ntxiv fertilizer, nws muaj peev xwm yuav enriched nrog yooj yim ntoo tshauv (0.5 kg / sq. M.), Nws yuav pab muab cov berries ib tug ntau dua saj thiab aroma. 
Lub shrub tsis zam excessively acidic xau, yog li ntawd, ua ntej cog seedlings, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xyuas lub cog rau acidity theem siv tshwj xeeb vaj cim qhia. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pH yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 6-7.5. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm excessively acidic av, cheeb tsam yuav tsum alkalized. Ua li no, dolomite hmoov los yog kua txiv qaub (0.5 kg / sq. M.) Muab nkag rau hauv cov av, tom qab uas qhov chaw tsaws kom zoo zoo muab plowed. Yuav kom txhim kho drought siab, nws yog pom zoo kom cog raspberries tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrog highwater theem, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob qis tshaj li 0.8-1 m los ntawm cov av txheej.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Fertilizing cov av nrog peat txwv, raws li nws muaj peev xwm ua rau tseem ceeb acidification ntawm cov av.
Ntxiv sab saum toj dressing yog nqa tawm periodically, nyob ntawm seb lub caij loj hlob. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej cov paj cawv, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau cov organic pub, yog li ntawd lawv fertilized nrog ib qho kev tov ntawm chiv (1:10) los yog noog droppings (1:20). Koj tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom nruab nrog nrog kev pab ntawm lub pob zeb hauv av chiv Kemira (3 tablespoons l / 10 litres dej) los yog analogues. 
Tom qab fruiting lub raspberries yuav pub nrog ntoo tshauv, nrog rau xam ntawm 2 kg / sq.m. Nws yuav pab tau lub Bush rau nourish lub poov tshuaj, uas xyoo tom ntej yuav muaj ib tug dej siab zoo rau cov saj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov berries. Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, lub bushes yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv nrog ib nitroammofosca nrog lub xam ntawm 200 g / m2. cuab ntxhiab.
Dej thiab noo noo
Li niaj zaus thiab tshaj watering yog lub ntsiab loj rau cultivation ntawm noj qab haus huv thiab fruiting raspberries. Qhov tsis muaj noo noo yuav ua rau inhibition ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Bush, uas yuav ncaj qha mus rau nws tsim tau. Kev ua txhaum ntawm tsoom fwv dej kuj tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nrog rau kev txo cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yog li yuav tsum tau ywg dej heev. Tab sis, txawm tias tag nrho txoj kev hlub ntawm raspberries rau dej, nws tsis tsim nyog rau re-moisten cov av, li no yuav ua rau lub hauv paus system mus rau rot thiab bushes tuag.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom paub meej qhov cog sparing, tab sis tshaj watering thoob plaws hauv lub loj hlob rau lub caij. Ua li no, cov av yuav tsum tsis txhob pub ntau tshaj 2-3 zaug hauv ib lub hlis, thaum lub qhov dej tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau nrog cov txheej txheem tsawg kawg 30-35 cm tuab. Cov dej siv rau dej yuav tsum tau xaiv ncaj qha raws 30 l / sq m. plantings. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws pom zoo kom dej ntub dej thaum yav tsaus ntuj, li tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm no cov dej yuav tuaj yeem nqus mus rau hauv cov av kom zoo. 
Kev sib raug zoo rau qhov kub thiab txias
Raspberry yog ib tug neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw nrog cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb thiab kev nyab xeeb. Tiam sis hauv kev txiav txim siab rau cov nroj tsuag kom muaj zog thiab ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws yuav tsum tau muab cog rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kub siab thaum lub caij nyoog nce mus txog tsawg kawg +1200 ° C. Raws li qhov no, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm active loj hlob rau lub caij no, lub kab lis kev cai yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv ib tug kub zoo tshaj tsis qis tshaj + 20 ... + 25 ° C.
Tus nroj tsuag yog resistant rau frosts, tab sis nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txhua hnub kub hauv qab -25 ° C, muaj ib tug gradual kev puas tsuaj rau tua ntawm shrub, thiab nws cov hauv paus system. Tias yog vim li cas, ua ntej pib ntawm ib tug txo qis kub nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug me me cover cover, lub shrub yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau khoom neeg tsim vaj tse.
Luam thiab cog
Raspberry seedlings tau rooted thaum yuav luag txhua lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws xaiv caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau qhov no thaum nruab nrab txhua hnub kub yuav nyob ib ncig ntawm 10 ° C. Raws li hais saum toj no, lub raspberries yog cog nyob rau hauv ib tug kab nyob rau hauv ib tug yav dhau los npaj thiab cim av. Txhua tus seedling yog cog nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj qhov nrog ib tug tob ntawm txog 30-50 cm thiab ib tug dav ntawm txog 50-60 cm (nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm hauv paus system). Hauv paus system nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau sau lub qhov tusyees.
Yog hais tias koj xav raspberry bushes loj hlob thiab tsim kom zoo, kawm tau li cas cog raspberries nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Los txhim kho qhov kev loj hlob ntawm seedlings nyob rau hauv lub qhov yuav tsum nco ntsoov poob pw tsaug zog ib tug me me ntawm humus los yog straw, thiab kuj ncuav nws ntau. Yuav kom sau nrog av hauv paus hauv paus system yuav tsum tau maj, tsis txhob ntau consolidation. Tom qab cog, lub seedlings yuav tsum yeej ib txwm yuav txiav 2-3 cm saum toj kawg ntawm zaum kawg Bud. Txoj kev ua no yog ib yam uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev loj hlob sai sai ntawm kev cog qoob loo, vim tias cov kab txiav muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua ntawm kev yub.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum cog raspberries, koj yuav tsum tau them ncaj qha mus rau theem ntawm hloov lub raum, nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib qhov siab ntawm txog 3-4 cm saum toj no cov av.Tom qab tag nrho cov kev tswj, cov av yuav tsum tau ywg dej, tom qab ntawd rov qab ua qhov txheej txheem rau hnub tom qab (ntxiv dej ntxiv yog ua tiav raws li tsim nyog). Los mus piv rau kev kho mob ntawm plantings, nws yog pom zoo kom muab ib tug garter mus rau shrub. Ua li no, nrog tag nrho kab, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog rau nro hlau xaim txog 0.5 cm tuab ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 1-1.5 m saum toj no hauv av. Thaum lub hav txwv yeem mus txog qhov siab uas yuav tsum tau, cov hlau yuav los ua ib qho qauv zoo rau nws.
Pruning
Los txhim kho qhov zoo nkauj pom, li zoo li nce lub tawm los ntawm plantations, raspberries xav periodic pruning. Ib tug ua rau nws ua tau kom tsis txhob thickening ntawm plantations, uas ncaj qha cuam tshuam qhov loj ntawm lub berries, raws li tau zoo raws li lawv saj. Lub ntsiab pruning pib nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tom qab lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis los ntawm lub site ntawm snow cover. Lub ntsiab theem ntawm pruning:
- Qhov thawj mus tua cov tuag thiab puas thaum lub caij ntuj no yub. Ua li no, tag nrho cov txiav tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag, kom txog rau thaum thawj zaug nyob lub raum. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ua ntej lub raum, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tawm ib tug me me penechki qhov siab ntawm txog 2-3 cm.
- Tom qab sanitary pruning pib mus rau lub ntsiab tu ntawm Bush. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv thinning lub shrub los ntawm tshem qub (peb-xyoo) tua. Qhov siab tshaj tus xov tooj ntawm cov ceg ntawm ib tug Bush yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj li 7-10, lwm yam cov tub ntxhais hluas tua yuav tsum tau txiav.
- Trimming lub tswv yim ntawm tua. Rau qhov no, qhov saum ntawm txhua ceg yog shortened los ntawm 15-20 cm (35-40 cm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug paub tab Bush). Nrog rau tus txheej txheem ua tau zoo, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev ua ub no, txhua lub phom suab yuav tawm los txog 5 cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo fruit-bearing ceg txog 50 cm ntev.
Kev pom zoo rau cov txheej txheem:
- tu raspberries zoo tshaj plaws ua rau ib hnub qhuav, tshav ntuj thiab hnub sov, qhov no yuav pab ceev cov nqaij mob kho;
- pruning yog nqa tawm nrog ib tug riam los yog vaj txiab ntawm ib kaum ntawm 45 °, bevel mus rau Bush;
- Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj tus kab mob tua kab mob nrog cov kab mob hu ua pathogenic fungi, tag nrho cov twj yuav tsum tau tso tshuaj tua kab mob. Ua li no, cov lus nug yog muab ntxuav kom huv hauv cov dej ntws, tom qab uas nws dipped rau 10 feeb hauv 70% dej cawv kua los yog 0.5% kua tshuaj tov;
- wounds yuav tsum tau kho nrog tooj liab sulfate daws, nws yuav tiv thaiv lub Bush los ntawm kis kab mob;
- Tom qab trimming lub raspberries, koj yuav tsum tau khi nws nrog ib tug hlua mus rau ib tug hlau kev them nyiaj yug.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub caij ntuj sov pruning. Raspberries yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo, yog li ntawd, thiaj li yuav cog cov nroj tsuag kom loj hlob thiab txi txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyab xeeb, thoob plaws lub caij nyoog tag nrho, cov ceg ntoo uas fade thiab cov uas cuam tshuam los ntawm txhua hom kab mob pathogenic yuav tsum tau txiav.
Loj hlob thiab kev pom zoo
Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias raspberries yog ib qho ntawm ib txwm inhabitants ntawm sab qaum teb thiab temperate aav, qhov no nroj tsuag belongs rau theej capricious haiv neeg. Tias yog vim li cas ntau pib thiab kev paub gardeners ntsib ntau teeb meem thaum cultivation ntawm tus tsiaj, tshwm sim los ntawm lub physiological yam ntxwv ntawm shrub. Qhov feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov teeb meem nram no:
- withering tua thiab nplooj;
- tsawg yield;
- degeneration ntau yam.
Qhov teeb meem ntawm withering tua thiab nplooj on ib tug raspberry Bush yog pom nyob rau hauv txhua txhua gardener, vim muaj peev xwm yuav ntau ntawm yog vim li cas rau cov txheej txheem pathological. Tab sis feem ntau cov nroj tsuag wilting yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis saib xyuas ntawm plantings, uas ua rau ib tug ua txhaum ntawm dej-av tej yam kev mob, raws li tau zoo raws li qhov tsim nyog microclimate.
Raspberries - ib tug tiag tiag storehouse ntawm cov vitamins rau peb noj qab haus huv. Nyeem txog qhov kho thaj chaw thiab siv ntawm raspberries.
Nyob rau hauv xws li tej yam kev mob, cov nroj tsuag tsim ntuj tsim ntawm cov nqaij mos puas tsuaj, uas thaum kawg ua rau nws tuag. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau txo qoob loo ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv kab mob, uas undoubtedly ua rau lub yeej ntawm lub Bush los ntawm ntau yam pathogenic microorganisms. Wilting kuj tseem muaj qhov xwm txheej, tab sis thaum kawg, vim li cas qhov no tseem tsis ua raws li kev cog qoob loo ntawm qoob loo ntawm qoob loo.
Tsawg yields yuav muaj ntau yam ua rau. Feem ntau, ib qho me me sau qoob raug cai thaum txoj cai dav rau kev saib xyuas ntawm shrubs tsis pom (pruning, watering, pub mis, thiab lwm yam), thiab kuj yog ib qhov tsim nyog ntawm lub natural laus ntawm Bush. Yuav kom tiv thaiv ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub fruitfulness ntawm ntau yam, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ncaj qha mus rau tag nrho cov saum toj no cov tswv yim rau kev saib xyuas ntawm raspberry plantations. 
Ntau yam degeneration yog ib qho txiaj ntsim ntawm kev sim qoob loo nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Qhov ua rau cov kev mob ntsws no yuav yog qhov loj, tab sis lawv yog tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev loj hlob ib qho kev txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw ntev ntev. Yog li ntawd, thaum cultivating raspberries nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los muab ib qho system rau maj hloov qhov chaw ntawm lub txaj rau lub site.
Koj puas paub? Lub npe ntawm raspberry (Rubus àeus) yog muab rau cov nroj tsuag los ntawm cov neeg Roman sau tus Pliny tus Txwj Laug hauv xyoo 1 xyoo AD. er
Kab tsuag, kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv
Raws li tau hais los saum no, Cascade Delight ntau yam yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau kab mob thiab kab tsuag. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias tus dav dav cov cai thiab kev tsim nyog kev ntsuas rau kev saib xyuas ntawm plantings tsis ua raws li, raspberries tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nram qab no kab mob:
- ramulariasis - Ib tug kab mob hu ua fungal uas ua rau muaj qhov quav ntawm lamina thiab stems. Nws yog los ntawm fungi ntawm genus Ramularia.. Tus kab mob no ua rau lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg loj heev ntawm nplooj thiab tuag ntawm kev tua. Ramulariasis yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv dawb me ntsis rau ntawm ntsuab loj ntawm raspberries nrog me me dots nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Txij lub sij hawm, qhov me ntsis tag nrho cov nplooj ntoos hniav, uas ua rau tuag ntawm nplooj. Sib ntaus tus kab mob los ntawm kev txuag cov nroj tsuag nrog rau kev daws aqueous ntawm colloidal sulfur (50 g / 10 l). Yuav kom tiv thaiv kabmob, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau kho rau txhua lub sijhawm ua fungicide (Fitosporin, Zircon, etc.) lossis Bordeaux sib xyaw;
- xeb - ib tug kab mob fungal kis, uas ua nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov me txiv kab ntxwv tubercles. Nws yog los ntawm ntau yam ntawm fungi ntawm thiaj li Pucciniales. Nrog intensive kev loj hlob ntawm causative tus neeg sawv cev, tus kab mob leads mus rau kev tuag ntawm ntsuab loj ntawm Bush, thiab tseem significantly txo cov tawm los ntawm qoob loo. Lawv tua xeb nrog cov kab mob ua fungicides (2% Nitrafen solution, 1% DNOC solution, etc.). Rau prophylactic lub hom phiaj, kev siv fungicides xws li Fitosporin, Zircon, thiab lwm yam., Los yog Bordeaux kua;
- powdery mildew - feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub, qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob yog ectoparasitic fungi ntawm thiaj li ntawm Erysiphales. Ua rau ib tug kab mob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dawb quav hniav nyob rau nplooj. Tus kab mob ua rau lub deterioration nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm raspberries, zoo li mus rau deformation ntawm lamina thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tua, uas ncaj qha cuam tshuam lub tawm los ntawm shrub. Lawv tau ntaus cov hmoov moovewaws los ntawm kev kho mob cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag nrog Bordeaux kua los yog complex fungicides;
- sprouting (ntsiag to) - kab mob raspberry kab mob, uas ua rau tsim nyob rau Bush ntawm ntau ntev thiab nyias tua uas tsis tau dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic. Pathology tsis yog kho tsis tau rau kev kho mob, yog li ntawd, kom tsis txhob nws kis, tus cuam tshuam bushes yog uprooted thiab hlawv. Nqa ntawm cov kab mob pathogen muaj ntau hom kab thiab cab, yog li qhov kev ntsuas loj ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev tuaj yeem txo kom mus sib ntaus tawm tsam tus neeg xa khoom ntawm tus kab mob (kab noj phem);
- nplooj ntoos curl - Ib kis kab mob uas ua rau yus tsis muaj kabmob ua rau raspberry shortening thiab thickening ntawm tua, thaum lub foliage ntawm Bush shrinks thiab bends down. Qhov no ua rau inhibition ntawm kev loj hlob thiab fruiting shrubs, thiab nyob rau hauv Qee zaum, kev tuag ntawm lub cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag. Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob yog ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic. Pathology tsis yog kho tau, yog li ntawd, thiaj li yuav tsum tsis txhob tuag ntawm tag nrho cov noob nroj tsuag, muaj tus kab mob uas vau raug uprooted thiab hlawv. Lub ntsiab kev ntsuas ntawm curl kev tiv thaiv yog mus kho raspberries nrog cov tshuaj uas inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm aphids rau nws - lub natural Carrier ntawm tus kab mob.
Xyuas seb cov kab mob dab tsi koj yuav ntsib thaum cog zaub raspberries.
Tsis tas li ntawd, crimson plantations muaj peev xwm raug puas los ntawm ntau yam pests, ntawm uas feem ntau txaus ntshai yog:
- aphid - ib pawg kab ntawm tsev neeg Hemiptera. Nyiaj txiag rau ntawm ntau qhov chaw hauv cov nroj tsuag, cov kab ua rau cov ntoo yaj thiab qhuav, zoo li cov menyuam yaus cov yub, uas txo cov qoob loo zoo thiab ntau npaum li cas. Aphid yog ib kab me me ntawm qhov muag xim ntsuab, txog 2-3 hli ntev. Koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas nws los ntawm qhov kev sib haum xeeb loj ntawm cov kabmob ntawm ntsuab loj ntawm Bush. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob kev noj qab haus huv, siv cov tshuaj nram no: "Aktara", "Confidor", "Karbofos", thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho cov aphids, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau kho cov tshuaj tua kab tom tsev, thiab tseem ua raws li kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo;
- kab laug sab mite - Kev nqus kab ntxau los ntawm kabmob Prostigmata. Cov kab yog kab ib txwm kab ntawm raspberries thiab lwm yam tsiaj. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov zuam ua rau wilting ntawm foliage, thiab raws li kev tuag ntawm ntsuab loj ntawm shrub. Nws yog tau los txheeb xyuas cov kab tsuag vim yog tus cwj pwm dawb lub web, nrog rau cov kab mite braids qis dua ntawm nplooj ntawv. Tus cab no yog yim-legged kab nrog ib qhov ntev tsis ntau tshaj 0.5 hli, txiv kab ntxwv-daj los yog xim ntsuab-daj. Los rhuav tshem kab laug sab mites, cov nroj tsuag raug kho nrog "Fitoverm", "Karbofos" los yog cov khoom siv sib piv. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kab laug sab mites, ib tug yuav tsum ua tib zoo raws cov agrotechnology ntawm cultivation ntawm qoob loo;
- raspberry gallitsa - ntev-winged nqus kab ntawm tsev neeg Cecidomyiidae. Cov kab no yog ib qho yoov tshaj cum uas muaj ntev txog 2 hli, nrog rau xim dub-xim av ntawm lub cev. Kab parasitic on cov tub ntxhais hluas tua los yog stems, ua ib tug yam ntxwv o nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw ntawm tua. Txij lub sij hawm, cov yoov tshaj cum kis kab mob nrog cov kab laib, uas ua rau lub taub hau thiab kev tuag ntawm cov khoom cog. Lawv tua kab los ntawm kev rhuav tshem qhov feem cuam ntawm lub Bush. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau tus cab no ntawm qhov tshwm sim, cov agrotechnology ntawm raspberry cultivation yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo cai, thiab cov av thiab raspberry plantations yuav tsum periodically kho nrog 30% tov ntawm Karbofos;
- ya qia - Diptera kab ntawm kab mob Brachycera. Tus cab no tau dav dav hauv cov cheeb tsam thiab cov xim loj loj thiab nws yog ib qho me me nplaum txog 6 hli ntev. Vim nws cov parasitism, cov kab lays qe nrog larvae nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tua thiab cov hluav ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Sib ntaus ib tug Kab Tsuag nrog pruning thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm withering cog qhov chaw. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab yog txau raspberries thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm budding nrog Iskra, Konfidor, Detsis los yog khoom sib npaug;
- raspberry beetle - Coleoptera ntawm tus genus Byturus. Kab yog ib kab me me txog 4 hli ntev, uas muaj cov plaub mos mos los yog xim daj. Thaum parasitization, lub beetle noj tawm lub raspberry buds, uas txo nws tawm los thiab qhov zoo ntawm berries, tom qab uas nws lays parasitic larvae rau ntawm shrub. Lawv tua kab los ntawm cov kws kho mob tuav cov kab tawm ntawm ib tug me nyuam yaus thaum lub sij hawm raspberry lub sij hawm, thiab los ntawm kev kho cov nroj tsuag thiab nyob ze cov av nrog Iskra, Confidor, Decis, los yog analogues. Cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv cov kab zauv raspberry muaj nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas muaj cov kab thooj tshuaj, nrog rau kev ua raws li kev ua liaj ua teb kom cog qoob loo;
- raspberry paj (weevil) - Cov kab mob tsis zoo ntawm Anthus tus tub. Tus cab no yog kab tsuag ntawm cov kab liab thiab cov nroj tsuag uas muaj feem xyuam nrog, uas yog ib kab grayish-dub kab li 3 hli ntev nrog tus yam ntxwv ntawm elongated proboscis. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum ntxov, cov kab noj mov tawm cov menyuam yaus nplooj thiab anthers ntawm lub buds, tom qab uas nws lays nyob rau hauv lub cos lub qe los ntawm uas parasitic larvae loj hlob. Qhov no ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv tawm los ntawm shrub thiab oppression ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Tua kab nrog tej kab insecticide. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab mob phem, cov ntoo cog qoob loo yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas txhua qhov tsim nyog kev kho mob, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob ua ntej Blooming nrog Karbofos, Iskra, Konfidor, Detsis los yog analogues.
Koj puas paub? Cov ntaub ntawv tuav rau cov khoom ntawm raspberries yog Russia, txog 200 txhiab tons ntawm nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog zus txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv lub xeev, uas ua li 50% ntawm tag nrho kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom.
Ntau "Cascade Delight" yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau high-yielding thiab kev rau loj hlob ntau yam ntawm raspberries. Nws muab nplua nuj yields, raws li tau zoo raws li high-zoo berries, uas txawv nyob rau hauv reference saj. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li cov nroj tsuag cog qoob loo, qhov no raspberry yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo, nrog rau kev ua raws li tag nrho cov kev tu ncua kev tu ncua. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, raspberry jam yuav zoo siab lawv sau rau ntau xyoo.
Yees duab: Raspberry "Cascade Delight"
Cov tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg hais txog raspberry "Cascade delight"
