Kev npaj ntawm grapes rau lub caij ntuj no yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov txheej ntawm yuav tsum tau ua thiab tseem ceeb heev rau kev saib xyuas ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov tswv yim yuav ua li cas ua nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow, peb tau xaiv nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.
Thaum twg pib thiab qhov kev cob qhia rau lub caij ntuj no muaj li cas?
Yuav ua li cas zoo ntawm lub grapes yuav nyiaj lub caij ntuj no txias yuav nyob ntawm seb lawv tau zoo li cas tom qab thaum lub caij cog qoob loo thiab seb lawv tau npaj zoo thiab them rau lub caij ntuj no.
Nws yog tseem ceeb rau kom paub qhov twg ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub zwm zus zus.
Kev npaj ua ub no rau lub caij ntuj no tau muab faib ua ob theem:
- Npaj.
- Vaj tse.
Npaj pib nyob rau hauv lub Autumn thaum lub fruiting theem los mus rau ib qho kawg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub hais tias lub vine ntse suffers lub caij ntuj no, uas yog them nrog txaus ntoo, uas yog, nws yog matured. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Autumn, lub dag zog ntawm cov grower yuav tsum tau tsom tsuas yog ntawm kev ntseeg tias muaj ntau yam vines li tau woody. Lignified tua yog xim av nyob rau hauv cov xim, lawv sov txawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Frost, khoov zoo thiab tsis txhob ua txhaum.
Yog hais tias thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg pruning kev ua si undisturbed ntsuab vines yog qhia, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis tsuas yog lawv tsis ntse siv lub caij ntuj no, lawv kuj tuaj yeem ua ib qhov chaw ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov tsaj noj qab haus huv nrog cov kab mob fungal. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib feem pua ntawm cov ciaj sia taus tom qab lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv cov hmab, uas muaj lub thickness ntawm 0.6-1.3 cm, thiab nws cov tub ntxhais yuav siv tsis pub ntau tshaj ib feem peb ntawm txoj kab uas hla. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov ceg no muaj ntau tshaj cov vitamins thiab minerals uas yuav tsis pub tua kom tuag nyob rau hauv Frost.
Yuav ua li cas npaj ib tsob nroj rau vaj tse
Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub vine kom paub tab ua ntej Frost, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua raws li ib co kev cai:
- Ua tib zoo xaiv ntau yam uas tsim nyog rau cog hauv cheeb tsam koj nyob. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow, Lora, Shun, Nadezhda Aksayskaya, Victoria, Nakhodka Azos, Viktor, Super Ntxiv, Phenomenon, Pervozvany, Muscat Lub caij ntuj sov, Gala, Cherry, Cardinal Suite.
- Thoob plaws hauv lub caij no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los saib xyuas qhov teeb meem ntawm vine, mus rau teb rau lub sij hawm rau teeb meem uas tshwm sim, kom kho cov kab mob, mus nqa tawm kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob nrog fungicides, kom tshem tawm cov raug puas tsuaj.
- Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm sau thiab tsis cia ib tug load load rau ntawm vine. Qhov ntau pawg ntawm nws yuav, tom qab nws ua woody.
- Nres watering nrog qhov pib ntawm Autumn. Drought imitation yuav ua rau lub hauv paus paus system mus noog phytohormone - ib qho inhibitor. Nws yog nws leej twg yuav ncua kev loj hlob ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab ua rau muaj kev pib ntawm qhov chaw so. Nws yuav tsum koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem kev laus vines.
- Yuav kom tsim tau dej recharge watering nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lig caij nplooj ntoos zeeg.
- Cwj pwm raws caij nyoog.
- Mus nqa tawm Autumn pruning.
Koj puas paub? Tag nrho cov kabmob kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj cov tshuaj muaj yees. Raws li ib yam ntawm cov feem ntawm cov tshuaj, txiv hmab yog thawj zaug hais nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm tus kws kho mob Greek Dioscorides "Materia Medica" (77-78 AD).
Muaj ntau dua dej
Lub sijhawm thaum tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg, nws tsim nyog tsim cov dej ntub dej ntawm cov txiv hmab. Nws yog vim hais tias zoo-ntub ntub av nyob ze ntawm lub keeb kwm freezes los ntawm tsawg. 
Cov txheej txheem no pib nrog qhov tseeb tias ntiav cov ntiav tau khawb ib ncig ntawm lub Bush ntawm Bush thiab maj mam sau lawv nrog dej. On ib Bush yuav tsum mus los ntawm 1 mus rau 3 thoob dej.
Tom qab tag nrho cov dej tau raug muab, cov txiv hmab hauv lub ntiaj teb nrog lub ntiaj teb thiab tsim lawv lub vaj tse. Yog tias Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj pib ua dej nag, ces tsis muaj dej txaus rau dej noo.
Fertilizer
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau fertilize tus nroj tsuag zoo ua ntej wintering, thiab kuj los ua tiv thaiv Txau tawm tsam cov kab mob.
Rau noj thaum lub sij hawm no, superphosphate (25 g / 10 l ntawm dej) thiab potash ntsev (25 g / 10 l dej) yuav tsum muaj. Qoob loo sab saum toj hnav ris tsho yog tsim nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj, ua qhov 20 cm sib sib zog nqus ze ntawm Bush.
Foliar yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej ua ntej nplooj nplooj. Lawv siv superphosphate, tshauv, poov tshuaj ntsev, manganese, hlau, boric acid.
Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob uas ua rau ua rau cov pob txha, cov pob txhaws liab, thiab cov nqaij dub, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, nws yuav tsum tau muab cov tshuaj tua kab tsuag nrog cov neeg muaj mob tooj liab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kho los ntawm kev pleev xim "Topsin-M" thiab los ntawm kab tua kab - "Decis", "Bi-58" thiab lwm yam tshuaj.Txau yog ua tiav tom qab tag nrho cov qoob loo tau raug tshem tawm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kev kho mob yuav tsum tau noj kom paub meej tias autumn chiv tsis muaj nitrogen, uas yuav ua rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob.
VIDEO: YUAV UA LI CAS YUAV UA LI CAS THIAB TSIS TXAUS SIAB
Pruning
Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev npaj cov txiv hmab rau lub caij ntuj no yog pruning. Cov tswv ntawm kev paub txog cov vineyards tau txais kev pom zoo los tsim nws thaum thawj zaug tuaj txias, tab sis tsis qis dua -3 degrees. Qhov tseeb yog tias tom qab sau cov nroj tsuag tseem xav tau kom muab qee lub sij hawm mus rau nruab nrab cov as-ham. Thiab thaum ntxov pruning yuav significantly txo qhov Frost tsis kam ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Kos seb cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntog hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Thaum pruning, koj yuav tsum ua ob yam hauj lwm - tshem tawm cov me me, unripe whips thiab txiav cov vines uas twb tau raug muab tshem tawm. Ntawm txhua lub tes tsho nws yog tsim tawm hauv ib lub pob ntawm hloov chaw thiab ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo xub. Cov hlua ntawm kev hloov pauv yuav tsum yog tsim los ntawm cov qis dua uas loj hlob los ntawm sab nrauv ntawm lub tes tsho. Trimming nws nqa tawm nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas muaj 3-4 ob lub qhov muag.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsim los ntawm ib lub ceg uas muaj me ntsis siab dua nyob rau sab nraud ntawm kev hloov pauv. Nws yuav tsum tso 5-12 qhov muag. 
Yog li, tom qab cov pob txha, qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob twj ywm, loj hlob mus rau hauv av, thiab lub tsho nrog pob, uas xyoo tom ntej yuav muab cov ceg ntoo thiab tes nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum pruning, koj yuav tsum tau sib zog los xyuas kom meej tias lub wounds thiab seem yog muab tso rau hauv sab hauv tua. Yog li yuav lawv thaum ntxov kho.
Yuav luag sai li sai tau tom qab pruning, lawv ua katarovka - txiav dew keeb kwm, cov neeg uas nyob ze rau lub ntiaj teb. Lawv twv yuav raug hu tsis tau lub caij hnyav lub caij ntuj no, tab sis tuaj yeem tsim muaj kab mob nyob rau hauv tob hauv keeb kwm.
Yuav ua li cas los npog lub grapes rau lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow
Nws yog tsim nyog pib lub vaj tse ntawm cov txiv hmab tom qab tag nrho cov kev ua tau piav saum toj saud tau ua tiav thiab cov thawj coj tau tuaj txog. Nws yog ntshaw tias muaj ib tug ruaj subzero kub txog li -2 degrees. Qhov teeb meem no feem ntau pom thaum kawg ntawm lub Kaum Hlis - nyob rau thawj thawj xyoo ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog 10 tsis paub qab hau txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau thaj tsam Moscow.
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev nkaum txiv hmab:
- Ntuj txoj kev.
- Npog cov ntaub ntawv.
Av
Grapevine tau prikopat lub ntiaj teb. Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj, tab sis tsis yog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev noj haus ntawm vaj tse los nag thiab ib tug muaj zog khov ntawm lub ntiaj teb, lub nroj tsuag yuav tuag. Qhov no ntawm vaj tse yog tsim rau qub, twb zoo-hardened nroj tsuag. Thiab rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv lwm txoj hau kev.
Vines yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm cov kev txhawb zog, khi thiab pinned rau hauv av, kho nrog hlau sulphate (400 g ib 10 l dej), thiab ces sprinkled nrog ib tug 15-centimeter txheej ntawm me ntsis moist av. Tsis pub leej twg qhuav thiab tsis ntub av rau cov laj thawj no yuav tsis ua hauj lwm. Thaj av rau dej yuav tsum tau muab coj los ntawm kab. Rau singly cog bushes - nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 1 m ntawm lub pob tw.
Peb xav kom koj paub koj tus kheej nrog rau cov cai ntawm kev ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ntej lub vaj tse thiab cov secrets ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau lub caij ntuj no.
Rau cheeb tsam Moscow nws yog tseem txaus, nyob rau hauv Ntxiv rau vaj av (ib txheej ntawm 5-15 cm), siv rau vaj tse, piv txwv li, poob nplooj, straw (ib txheej ntawm 5-15 cm), thiab ces lwm txheej ntawm xoob av (25 cm siab). Los yog nteg cov ntawv txheeb ntawm slate tshaj hauv av, npog nrog ntawv ci, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog thiaj li tias noo noo yuav tsis nkag mus rau qhov chaw, uas tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm qhov muag.
Earthen chaw nyob rau hauv snowy winters yog zoo los npog nrog snow - nws tseem yuav cia lub vines nyob sov so. 
Yuav kom txuag lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab nyob rau hauv vaj tse, siv txoj kev cog cov txiv hmab hauv cov khawb khawb lossis cov thawv uas muaj qhov tob ntawm 20-30 cm thiab dav dav ntawm 30-50 cm. Rau lub caij ntuj no, cov vines nteg hauv cov kev sib tshooj no thiab tau siv cov vov tsev vov, vov tsev, duab, thiab cov laug cam.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tom qab muab cov vine tshem tawm ntawm cov kev txhawb nqa, yuav tsum tu kom paub meej tias nws tsis kov hauv av. Nyob rau hauv nws muab cov ntaub ntawv organic los yog ntoo daim hlau.
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo thiab yuav khoom siv
Nrog rau txoj kev no, lub vaj tse faib rau sab nraud, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg thiab kho kom zoo, thiab sab hauv - thev ntawm lub vine hauv vaj tse.
Hauv qab hauv vine thiab muab tso rau nws ib tug tsob ntoo, straw, sawdust.
Los saum toj no siv ntau yam ntaub ntawv uas ze rau ntawm tes lossis uas tuaj yeem tau txais hauv khw muag khoom khomob.
Ntoo shields, ntoo thawv. Lub vine tso rau sawv, thiab ntoo shields yog muab tso rau ob sab ntawm bushes nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub tsev ntaub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov laug cam ntawm sab hauv tuaj yog siv cov thawv rub tawm.
Slate. Siv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog ib lub ntiaj teb mound. Nws muab tso rau sab saum toj ntawm ib txheej ntawm av. Rau tib lub hom phiaj lawv siv cov nplooj ntoo, cov laug cam, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv hauv tsev. 
Agrofibre, zaj duab xis. Tus tua yog them nrog spruce ceg, straw thiab lwm yam organic teeb meem, thiab agrofibre, zaj duab xis los yog lutrasil nyob rau hauv 2-3 txheej yog rub tawm saum toj no. Cov npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog raus nrog lub ntiaj teb los yog nias tawm tsam cov khoom hnyav. 
Ruberoid Hlau cov hlua yuav tsum muab ntsia saum cov ceg thiab cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau rub tawm rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, koj yuav tau npog nrog polyethylene. 
Ua npuas yas Lub scourge warmed nrog Pine koob, ces them nrog npaus thiab them nrog ntawv ci.
Thaum twg nkaum tom qab lub caij ntuj no
Nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub grapes pib qhib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg ntawm lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Yog hais tias nws tseem yuav tsum khov, ces koj tuaj yeem qhib nws tsuas yog nruab hnub rau kev yos hav zoov thiab nphav raug tshav ntuj, tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob rov qab vines mus txhawb nqa. Cia kom sov tua nyob rau hauv cover yog tsis tsim nyog, nws yog fraught nrog tsis zoo txim rau lawv.
Yog hais tias lub frosts tuaj poob nthav, ces thaum hmo ntuj lub twb qhib vines yuav them nrog agrotex, spunbond. Thaum npog nrog ib zaj duab xis, koj yuav tsum tau muab nws tawm rau nruab hnub. Kev tsaug zog hnyav tuaj yeem ua kom sov siab txog li 3-4 degrees, uas tau nkag mus hauv ib qho kev loj hlob theem kom rho tawm 1 degree.
Tag nrho qhia tawm ntawm grapes tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum tsis muaj frosts thaum sawv ntxov, qhov kub zoo tau tsim thiab lub ntiaj teb tau qhuav. Lub tsev tiv thaiv yog muab tshem tawm, thiab tua tuav mus rau cov kev txhawb zog.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab muab ntaub ntawv tawm, cov tshuaj tua tau ntawm cov kabmob thiab cov kabmob ua rau muaj phungicides thiab cov tshuaj tua kabmob yog ua li cas: "Nitrofen", "Karbofos", "Oxyhom", tov tooj liab thiab hlau sulphate. 
Koj puas paub? Lub cultivation ntawm grapes pib txog 6-8 txhiab xyoo dhau los nyob rau hauv Middle East. Lub pov thawj feem ntau archaeological pov thawj tias viticulture thiab winemaking tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov kab lis kev cai tau pom nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Georgia. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, lawv txog 8 txhiab xyoo.Npaj grapes rau lub caij ntuj no yog ib theem tseem ceeb heev rau kev saib xyuas ntawm ib tsob nroj, ntawm qhov tseeb siv ntawm uas nws nyob ntawm nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab tawm los. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua vaj tse vines. Txhua tus tswv ntawm lub vaj txiv hmab tau xaiv rau lawv tus kheej zoo tshaj.
