Nrog lo lus "duchess", muaj coob leej neeg nco qab txog kev nco txog lub npe nrov los yog khoom qab zib los ntawm lawv cov menyuam yaus. Rau gardeners, no zoo lo lus txhais tau tias ib tug khoom noj qab zib pear ntau yam nrog ib tug kuj zoo kawg thiab Sweet saj. Lub caij ntuj sov ntau yam ntawm no txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kuj hu ua "Williams caij ntuj sov", pib xyaum ua gardeners yuav muaj peev xwm loj hlob nyob rau hauv lawv cov vaj teb nrog yooj yim, thiab ces lawv yuav muaj peev xwm sau ib tug nplua nuj sau yog hais tias lawv paub thiab ua raws li tej yam kev cai thiab secrets.
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Teb chaw pears ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab kev siv ntau hom kev siv "Duchess" yog lub nroog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm England - Berkshire, qhov twg, rov qab rau hauv 1796, qhov no yog hom kab no tau tsim los ntawm breeder Wheeler. Lwm lub npe rau pears "Duchess lub caij ntuj sov" yog lub npe "Williams lub caij sov" lossis "Williams Bon-Chretien." Tau, qhov no tsis yog qhov yuam kev, qhov ntau yam tiag tiag yog lub npe ntawm lwm tus neeg - Williams, ua tsaug uas ib pawg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau kis thoob lub ntiaj teb thiab tam sim no peb muaj lub cib fim los txais ib qho kev zoo tom qab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lub etymology ntawm lub npe los ntawm Fabkis "ducheese", uas txhais tau hais tias "duchess". 
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, tus pear yog suav hais tias yog lub cim ntawm kev tsis txawj tuag, thiab ib tsob ntoo pear tawg yog ib tug phem npog.
Tsob ntoo piav qhia
Tsob ntoo ntawm "Dushes Lub Caij Ntuj Sov" muaj ib lub dav pyramidal, yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev muaj zog los yog nruab nrab txoj kev loj hlob thiab ntom nplooj, nrog rau kev ua siab ntev ntawm lub caij ntuj no txias. Cov tawv ntoo thiab cov ceg ntoo muaj cov dej ntws zoo thiab muaj qhov sib txawv los ntawm ib lub teeb xim grayish. Tua yog ncaj, arched thiab tuab, nrog ib tug txiav txim siab ntau ntawm lentils. Loj nplooj ntawm ib lub voj voos kheej kheej nrog cov tapers ntawm qhov xaus yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv qhov kev npliag thiab qhov muag zoo.
Kawm ntau ntxiv txog pears xws li: "Dukhmyanaya", "Belarusian Late", "Thumbelina", "Tenderness", "Rossoshanskaya dessert", "Everlasting", "Chinese pear", "Krasulya", "Bergamot", " "," Elena "thiab" Nika ".
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Txheej
Pears "Williams Williams Lub Caij Ntuj Sov" muaj ib hom dav hlau loj (80-180 g) nrog ib qho taw qhia elongated. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj lub qhov me me zoo li tub me me, ib lub taum nyias nyias ntawm ib qho xim ntsuab-ntsuab, thiab kuj yog ib qho uas muaj suab thaj-tsw qab zib ntab. Cov qauv ntawm lub pulp yog kev sib tw thiab muaj kua nrog nplaum nplaum xiav granules. Txog ntawm tsib lub ntsiab lus, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntsuas los ntawm tasters ntawm 4.8 cov ntsiab lus: tseem, tag nrho cov, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab qab zib ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov ntawv sau me ntsis ntawm muscat yuav tsis tawm leej twg tsis nyiam. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Pear kua txiv muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb uas muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub cev. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog heev nto rau kho cov hom phiaj - nws yog ib feem ntawm ntau yam los tiv thaiv kev kho mob, thiab tsawg calorie ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pub rau lawv yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub zaub mov noj zaub mov.
Cov Teeb Kom Ua Raws Cai
Nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus los ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm cov qauv ntawm Williams Lub caij ntuj sov pear (tsawg crown, qaug zog branching thiab dav layering) tias qhov no yog ib lub teeb pom kev zoo. Rau nws xis lub neej thiab tsim sau, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau cog rau tshav ntuj ib feem ntawm lub vaj teb, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis txaus lub illumination tsob ntoo yuav tsim tsis zoo.
Cov av uas yuav tsum tau
Fertile av nrog dub av lossis alluvial av, lub teeb loam, thiab zoo li txuag txaus noo - yog tus yuam sij rau qhov kev vam meej ntawm "Lub caij ntuj sov Duchess". Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom cov hauv paus hniav hauv ntiaj teb muaj sijhawm los loj hlob rau hauv thiab sab, tab sis qhov yuav tsum ua kom tsis pub dhau 1 m qhov tob thiab 70 cm ntawm dav. Cog yog feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv ob xyoo caum plaub hlis, ua ntej budding ntoo tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntoo. Qhov npog ntawm cov av nrog mulch (weeds, humus los yog straw) yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ua ntej thawj zaug nyob rau hauv kub thiab txias. 
Thaum cog tsob ntoo, nws kuj tau pom zoo kom nruab ib lub cua los puag - ib tus neeg khib nyiab cog rau hauv av ntawm lub yawg thiab lub khi rau ntawm G-8 txoj kev haum rau qhov no.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! "Lub caij ntuj sov Duchess" hlob tsis zoo ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb crushed, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog maj mam los yog chaw marshy.
Pollination
Qhov no ntau yam belongs rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm nws tus kheej infested, yog li ntawd rau nws fruiting nws yog tsim nyog lub zej zog ntawm lwm pollinators. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau pollination ntawm ntau yam "Williams Lub Caij Ntuj Sov" yuav yog nws cov congeners: cov tsiaj qus los yog lub vaj "Forest Beauty", "Pass Krassan", "Klapp Pet", "Olivier de Serre", Bere ntau "Ardanpon" thiab "Bosc".
Fruiting
Cov txheej txheem fruiting feem ntau pib 5 txog 6 xyoo tom qab cog. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog khi nyob rau hauv ib khub-peb daim thiab nruj nreem txuas nrog lub qia, uas tso cai rau lawv nyob twj ywm ntawm cov ceg ntev.
Flowering lub sij hawm
Cov inflorescences ntawm Williams Lub caij ntuj sov nroj tsuag feem ntau yog sau nyob rau hauv 6-7 paj. Lub sij hawm flowering yog ib tug txheej txheem ntev thiab ntev; Txawm li cas los, thaum lub sij hawm no, cov ntoo yoog mus rau cov huab cua ntawm huab cua thiab qhov kev nyab xeeb regime. 
Gestation lub sijhawm
Hu nkauj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm "Dushes lub caij ntuj sov" pib thaum lub Yim Hli. Nyob rau hauv piav txog txheej txheem ntawm ripening pear "Duschess Lub Caij Ntuj Sov", ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum tau mloog mus rau puab ntawm xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo: ib me ntsis greenish tev yog sai li sai tau thiab sai sai ci daj nrog me me me ntawm dub.
Koj puas paub? Pear wood yog tawm tsam nws lub zog: hnub no, rooj tog, seev suab paj nruas, vaj tse thiab cov thawj tswj engineering, thiab cov tais diav (plates thiab mugs) thiab lwm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no.
Tawm
Productivity yog zoo heev thiab ncav lub theem ntawm 250 kg los ntawm ib tsob ntoo. Pib sau pears nyob rau hauv nruab nrab mus lig Lub yim hli ntuj. Vim lub fact tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis showered, koj yuav tsis rush rau pluck lawv sai li sai tau tom qab ripening. 
Kev thauj khoom thiab kev cia khoom
Lub peev xwm thauj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nyob rau theem zoo yog tias lub txiv pears tseem khov kho lossis tsis ruaj khov. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav khaws cia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, thawj zaug nyob rau hauv cov ntoo, thiab tom qab ntawd ces nyob rau hauv lub tub yees tom qab harvesting. Lub txee lub neej ntawm torn txiv hmab txiv ntoo ranges los ntawm 5 mus rau 7 hnub, thaum harvesting nyuaj pears - 14 hnub, thiab yog hais tias cia cov neeg mob txias - txog li 1.5 lub hlis.
Kab Mob thiab Kab Tsuag Kab Tsuag
Hmoov tsis, qhov ntau yam yog tsis zoo resistant mus rau cov kab mob thiab ntau yam pests, uas ua rau mob heev heev rau tsob ntoo los ntawm ib tug fungal tus kab mob - scab. Ntawm cov kab uas cuam tshuam nrog cov qub kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo, muaj peev xwm raug hu ua aphids thiab chaw zov me nyuam. Txawm tias lovers ntawm tsob ntoo hav zoov, yog tias cov nas tsuag pib mus xyuas koj lub vev xaib, koj yuav tsum saib xyuas kev tsim kho ib lub laj kab lossis lwm lub laj kab. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tawm tsam scab, kev kho mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub flowering lub sij hawm nrog tooj liab Extract ntawm oxychloride (0.5%) pab, thaum loj heev cuam tshuam nplooj yuav tsum tau hlawv. Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo yog kho nrog ib tug loj ntawm nitrafen (0.3%).
Ua ntej mus rau cov tsos ntawm buds nyob rau hauv cov ntoo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ua ib tug tiv thaiv los yog curative kev kho mob ntawm lub hedgehog nrog daws ntawm Olekuprit los yog Karbofos nyob rau hauv lub proportions ntawm 90 g ntawm medicinal khoom mus rau 10 liv dej.
Drought tolerance
Yog hais tias peb tham txog kev hloov ntawm pear "Dushes lub caij ntuj sov" rau sov los yog kub hloov hauv huab cua puag, ces qib ntawm drought tsis haum yog tsawg. Raws li rau watering, nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem tus hluas tsob ntoo heev demanding, txij thaum lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag tseem tsis tau khov kho tsim. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nqa dej tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua ntej lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav flowering, tom qab kawg ntawm lub xeem, zoo li nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo caum ntawm Autumn. 
Tsuas yog tom qab hauv paus system hlob deep rau hauv av, cov nroj tsuag yuav muaj peev xwm tag nrho noj on noo noo vim nyob rau hauv underground av txheej. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj obvetrivaniya, koj yuav tsum xaiv ib qho kev tsaws thaiv los ntawm qhov chaw cua.
Koj puas paub? Ua ntej Europe pib haus luam yeeb haus luam yeeb, cov neeg uas nyob sab av qab haus luam yeeb pear nplooj. Niaj hnub no, niaj hnub muab yaug ncauj ntawm lub qhov ncauj nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem pab txiav luam yeeb txhua zaus koj xav haus luam yeeb. Noj citrus, dub currant, thiab pears yuav pab tshem tawm cov nicotine thiab txhab vitamin C reserves nyob rau hauv lub cev hlwb, uas txo thaum haus luam yeeb.
Lub caij ntuj no hardiness
Cov theem ntawm lub caij ntuj no hardiness "Dushes" yog tsawg, yog li ntawd nws yog muaj meej pem kom npog nws rau lub caij ntuj no. Nws yog qhov pom zoo kom qhwv hauv qab ntawm tsob ntoo nrog ib daim ntaub paj rwb lossis ntawv xov xwm. Kub tshauv sov nruab nrab ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab lwm qhov ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau muab nrog kev pab los ntawm kev poob snow: rau qhov no, ntau npaum li cas ntawm daus muab tso rau ntawm qhov txiav.
Siv txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Pears ntawm ntau lub caij ntuj sov "Duchess" los yog "Williams" zoo siv ob qho tib si tshiab thiab ua cov khoom noj qab zib (compotes, juices, jams, candied fruits). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhuav pears tau ntev tau siv raws li noj tshais cereals.
Muaj zog thiab qaug zog
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov pear ntau yam tsis tuaj yeem ua tau zoo tag nrho, txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws cov pros thiab cons, tab sis yog tias koj paub cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog, koj tuaj yeem txuag tau tsob ntoo ntawm qhov ua rau tsis zoo thiab sau ib qho zoo.
Peb qhia koj kom paub koj tus kheej nrog tag nrho cov subtleties: cog (Autumn los yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav), grafting thiab trimming ntawm pear tsob ntoo.
Tshaj tawm
Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov pears xws li "Duchess" los yog "Williams Summer" tuaj yeem hu ua:
- ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov vitamins thiab minerals nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- nplua nuj sau, loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm cov huab cua puag;
- zoo nkauj tsos ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tender thiab muaj kua nqaij, qab ntsim ntsim saj;
- dav xaiv rau kev siv;
- unpretentiousness nyob rau hauv cultivation (ob qho tib si vaj chaw, thiab cov cheeb tsam loj loj);
- ntev cia lub sij hawm ntawm qoob loo qoob loo;
- recyclability.
Ntseeg
Txawm tias qhov tseem ceeb sau zoo tshaj, pears ntawm no muaj ntau yam khoom tsis zoo:
- pluag tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag kab;
- tsawg theem ntawm drought tsis kam;
- nruab nrab siab rau ntawm lub txias lub caij thiab Frost.
Yog li, peb kawm txog cov qauv ntawm cog thiab loj hlob pears ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntau yam "Dyushes", zoo li ntawm seb hom qoob loo awaits peb thaum tsom kwm tag nrho cov cai no. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias no hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob qhov tseem nyiam tsis tsuas yog ntawm gardeners, tab sis kuj ntawm lawv tsev neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov me nyuam, uas zoo siab nrog pear kho.
