Yog tias koj txiav txim siab cog cov txiv pear hauv daim zajlus, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xaiv ntau yam. Peb cov ntawv yuav piav qhia txog "Poj-liab" pear, thiab muab nws cov yeeb yam. Peb yuav qhia koj kom cog tsob ntoo thiab tu nws.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Lub cog qoob loo ntawm ntau yam ua tiav los ntawm lub koom haum kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua liaj ua teb ntawm FGBNU YuUNIISK. Ntau ntau pears "Krasnobokaya" ua vim yog hla ntawm ob ntau yam: "Yellow-fruited" thiab "Tenderness".
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau sau tus sau qoob loo rau lub sij hawm - nyob rau hauv ob xyoo caum ntawm Cuaj hlis, raws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sai sai tshaj-ripen thiab poob mus rau hauv av.
Originators Xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li: Putyatin V.I., Mazunin M. A., Falkenberg E.A. Nyob rau hauv 90s ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, lub xeev cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm no ntau yam pib. "Krasnobakaya" pear yog teev nyob rau hauv lub xeev Register ntawm Volga-Vyatka, Ural thiab Altai regions, kuj pom nyob rau hauv Western Siberia. 
Cov yam ntxwv thiab nta
Peb coj mus rau koj mloog qhov kev piav qhia ntawm pear ntau yam "Krasnobakaya".
Ntoo
Qhov no muaj ntau yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntoo uas siab tau siab tshaj 4 meters. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov loj hlob zuj zus. Lub pear muaj ib qho oval, cegy, sparse crown. Stems muaj daim ntawv tseeb, nyob ntawm 90 degrees mus rau lub cev. Cov tswv yim ntawm cov ceg ntoo yog raug coj mus rau saum lub tsob ntoo. Lub bark thiab skeletal stems yog xim kasfes xim av, tev taus los ntawm lawv.
Ib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo tseem mus txog rau lub sij hawm ntawm fruiting pib. Cov nplooj yog lub teeb emerald nyob rau hauv cov xim, muaj ib tug me ntsis waviness nyob rau hauv sawv, tsis ntug. Qhov loj yog loj heev, elongated thiab tuab.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov nruab nrab me me, qee zaus me ntsis loj dua qub. Qhov luj ntawm ib pear yog kwv yees li 135-155 g tab sis cov nrws nrog ib qhov loj ntawm 180 g tseem tuaj yeem pom. Cov duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog pear-puab. Lawv muaj ib tus nplaig, cov tawv nqaij qab ntxiag. Pears muaj xim ntsuab zas xim thaum lawv raug tua, tiam sis dhau sijhawm lawv pib los ntawm ib feem peb. Lawv muaj nplua dawb dawb los ntawm cov pleev xim rau. 
Pear muaj juiciness: thaum tom, kua txiv tsuas yog pib mus khiav tawm ntawm nws. Nws yog nto moo rau nws cov qab zib saj, ntse ua ke nrog me ntsis qaub thiab tartness. Ob peb hnub tom qab qhov sau los ntawm qhov kev tshawb no tsis nyob twj ywm ib txoj kab, thiab koj muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm pear.
Nyeem kuj hais txog cov peculiarities ntawm kev loj hlob pears ntawm ntau yam: "Century", "Bryansk Beauty", "Rossoshanskaya dessert", "Tenderness", "Honey", "Hera", "Petrovskaya", "Krasulya", "In Memory of Zhegalov", " ".
Yuav ua li cas xaiv seedlings thaum yuav
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsaws yog seedlings, uas muaj hnub nyoog yog 1-2 xyoo. Qhov siab ntawm ib tsob ntoo hluas yuav tsum yog li 1 meter. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm lub pob tw yuav tsum muaj ntau ntawm muaj zog raum. Biennial seedlings yuav tsum muaj 2-3 sab tua, uas yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub buds. Thaum yuav ib tug pear, them sai sai rau hauv paus system - nws yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 3 kev ua nrog ntau ceg. Lub xub ntiag ntawm qhuav ceg yog tsis tsim nyog.
Xaiv qhov chaw rau ntawm qhov chaw
Pear yog cog on tsis txawj thimnyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj drafts. Tsob ntoo hlub tshav ntuj, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cog nws ntawm lub tsev los yog lwm cov tuam tsev. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tawm ntawm lawv los ntawm 3-4 meters. Rau cog, xaiv thaj chaw nrog cov av av, dub av los yog loamy av.
Cov tshuaj acidity yuav tsum yog pH 5.6-6. Nws raug nquahu kom cog cov nroj tsuag ntawm kev nce toj, hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj dej hauv av tsawg kawg 2.5 meters hauv av.
Pollinator rau pears yuav xws li ntau yam xws li: "Severyanka", "Myth" thiab "Hanged".
Lawv pom zoo cog qoob loo ze ntawm tsob ntoo.
Koj puas paub? Pib, pear nplooj twb nquag haus luam yeeb nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, thiab tsuas yog tom qab lub sij hawm thaum haus luam yeeb tshwm sim, puas tau pear txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib noj.
Npaj ua haujlwm
Yog tias koj tab tom npaj cog tsob ntoo hauv thaj chaw qaum teb, ces qhov kev tshwm sim zoo tshaj plaws ua rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Yog hais tias cog yog npaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sov, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom cog ib tug pear nyob rau hauv lub Autumn. Qhov npaj ntawm qhov tsaws aub tsiv yuav tsum tuav nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, rau 10-14 hnub ua ntej yuav pib ua kom zoo.
- Los ntawm lub qhov chaw tsaws, muab ib txheej ntawm av ntawm 20-25 cm thiab muab nws nrog 20 kg ntawm cov organic fertilizers (compost los yog humus yuav siv tau), 15 kg ntawm River xuab zeb thiab 0.3 kg ntawm superphosphate.
- Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum khawb ib qho, qhov taub ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm 70 cm, thiab qhov tob - tsawg kawg yog 1 m. Yog tias, txawm li ntawd los, cov dej hauv cov dej ntws ze, nws tsim nyog ua kom cov kua nplaum siv pebbles.
- Ncuav lub npaj av mus rau hauv lub qhov taub.
- Npog qhov pit nrog yas qhwv.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog rau lub intricacies ntawm cog thiab kev tu lub pear ntau yam: Rogneda, Otradnenskaya, Avgustovskaya Dew, Kokinskaya, Elena, Marble, Fairytale, Nika, Severyanka, Veles , "Lada", "Favorite Yakovlev", "Muscovite", "Cathedral".
Cov kauj ruam-ua-theem txheej txheem ntawm cog seedlings
Ua ntej cog, lub yub paus system yog kho nrog ib tug 3% poov tshuaj permanganate daws. Nws yog tsim nyog rau poob lub seedling nyob rau hauv no daws thiab cia nws nyob rau hauv nws rau tsawg kawg ib hnub. Tom qab ntawd nws yog nqi smearing lub keeb kwm nrog ib tug pre-npaj tov ntawm manure thiab hmoov av nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 2. Lub seedling yuav tsum qhuav rau 2-3 teev. Xav seb yuav ua li cas tsob ntoo cog:
- Los ntawm lub qhov taub, tshem tawm cov yas yeeb yaj kiab, 4-5 cm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov taub, tsav ib ceg txheem ntseeg uas yuav ua hauj lwm raws li kev them nyiaj yug rau tsob ntoo.
- Daim ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm aub tsiv me me toj ntawm av.
- Muab ib tsob ntoo nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov dej, thiab lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum yog 6 cm saum av.
- Ua tib zoo saib lub hauv paus ntawm lub roob.
- Sprinkle lub keeb kwm nrog av, me ntsis tamping txhua txheej. Saib xyuas kom tsis muaj voids daim ntawv.
- Khi ib sapling rau kev them nyiaj yug.
- Nyob rau ntawm cov ntug ntawm qhov aub tsiv, tsim ib tug zawj, qhov tob ntawm uas yuav tsum muaj 7-9 cm. Dej lub seedling (20 l ntawm dej).
- Ncuav mulch hauv lub voj voog nyob ze-nws, nws yuav pab ua kom ya raws hauv cov av.
- Sapling tua yuav tsum tau txiav los ntawm 30%.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Pruning tsis tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, vim hais tias lub sij hawm no muaj ib qho nquag SAP khiav, thiab ib txhia ceg yuav tuag tom qab xws li ib tug txheej txheem.
Raws li koj tau pom, txoj kev cog qoob loo yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab txawm tias ib tug neeg tuaj yeem gardener muaj peev xwm kov tau nws. 
Lub caij ntu saib xyuas
Xav seb yuav tu li cas rau tsob ntoo thiaj li hais tias nws muab ib tug nplua nuj thiab nplua nuj sau.
Kev tu xyuas av
Pear tsis tas yuav tsum tau ywg dej heev - txaus moisten cov av 4 zaug ib lub caij. Txawm li cas los xij, yog lub caij ntuj sov qhuav thiab nws los nag tsis tshua heev, npaum li cas ntawm cov dej yuav tsum tau nce. Nyob rau hauv muaj huab cua qhuav, nws yog pom zoo kom dej tsob ntoo ib zaug ib lub lim tiam, tib lub sij hawm mulching lub ntoo pob tw. Rau qhov no zoo kawg peat los yog humus. Qhov kev tshwm sim no yuav khaws ya raws puag ncig hauv paus thiab yuav tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm ib qho av hauv av.
Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntoo - sprinkling. Qhov kev tshwm sim yuav tsum muaj nyob rau yav sawv ntxov los yog yav tsaus ntuj nrog dej sov.
Tom qab watering, nws yog pom zoo kom loosen cov av, uas yuav enrich cov av nrog oxygen.
Koj puas paub? Tuam Tshoj yog tus thawj coj ntawm cov teb chaws pear loj. Lub xeev account rau 54.3% ntawm lub ntiaj teb pear ntau lawm.
Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv nroj tsuag lub voj voog yog nqa tawm. Cov nroj tsuag noj ntau cov khoom tseem ceeb, yog li ntawd nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias lub voj voog nyob ze ntawm cov vaj tse yog cleared ntawm lawv. 
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Txij li thaum lub hauv paus system yog nyob hauv av underground, tsis muaj qhov taw qhia nyob rau hauv spilling fertilizer on cov av saum npoo. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj yog kom siv cov tshuaj ua kom muaj zog.
Kev siv cov thawv tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws yuav ua rau acidification ntawm cov av, yog li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog siv cov organic chiv. Cov tshuaj ntxhia cov tshuaj yog tsim txhua txhua xyoo, cov organic - ib zaug hauv 2-3 xyoo. Ib tug neeg laus ntoo yuav tsum 25-30 kg ntawm cov organic fertilizer. Koj tuaj yeem siv humus, compost los yog quav tsiaj.
Tsaug rau cov pob zeb hauv av chiv, tsob ntoo pib zoo dua. Yuav kom nqa tawm cov txheej txheem ntawm pub mis yog raws li nram no:
- ua ntej pear pib bloom, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los pub nws nrog 450 g ntawm urea los yog 45 g ntawm saltpeter;
- tom qab kawg ntawm lub flowering lub sij hawm, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv lwm 250 g ntawm urea, thiab zoo li tshuaj tsuag lub buds nrog nws 3% daws;
- nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, 60 g ntawm ob superphosphate, 30 g ntawm poov tshuaj thiab 30 g ntawm poov hlau yog nkag tau.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv
Yuav kom tiv thaiv kab tsuag thiab ntau yam kab mob los ntawm kev tua tsob ntoo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau nqa tawm kev tiv thaiv ua ntej lub sij hawm flowering. Yuav kom tau cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum hu rau lub khw tshwj xeeb uas luag yuav muab rau koj, nyob ntawm seb koj xav kom kho li cas. 
Pruning
Tus thawj 4-5 xyoos tom qab kev poob siab, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau lub tsim ntawm lub crown thiab kom tsob ntoo. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los nqa tawm qhov kev tshwm sim no nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nyob rau hauv peb lub decade ntawm lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Feem ntau feem ntau nws yog ua tau kom tau raws li cov qauv kev tsim tsa ntev ntawm lub yas.
- Nyob rau hauv ob xyoo tom qab cog, koj yuav tsum tau xaiv 3-4 muaj zog ceg, uas yog nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm tsob ntoo, thiab txiav tawm tag nrho lwm cov tua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ntsiab pob tw yog shortened los ntawm 20-25 cm.
- Rau lub caij tom ntej nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tsim tus thib ob theem. Nws yuav tsum tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li 40 cm los ntawm thawj ib tug, Koj yuav tsum tau tawm 2-3 ceg, thiab txiav tawm tag nrho cov lwm tua. Cov ceg nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov theem yuav tsum tau ua kom luv luv los ntawm 2/3. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ntsiab pob tw yog shortened los ntawm 25-30 cm.
- Nyob rau hauv plaub lub xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob, tsim ntawm peb theem yog nqa tawm. Tso tawm 1 los sis 2 ceg ntoo. Rau tom ntej no lub caij, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los luv luv lub cev pob tw kom nws yog nyob rau tib theem li peb theem.
Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txias thiab nas
Pear "Red-sided" yog hais txog cov ntoo uas muaj siab tiv thaiv kabmob. Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau sov nrog cov nplawm los yog pob txha, thiab cov ntoo txig yuav tsum npaj rau lub caij ntuj no raws li nram no:
- tshem cov ceg ntoo, nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab khib nyiab los ntawm lub voj voos;
- nws yog qhov pom zoo kom khawb qhov ze ntawm lub voj voog kom tshem tawm kab tsuag;
- nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom muaj pob tw thiab lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo 1/3 ntawm cov ceg ntoo nyob hauv sab qis. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau 2 kg ntawm txiv qaub, 1 kg ntawm hmoov av nplaum thiab 300 g ntawm tooj liab sulfate;
- Thaum kawg theem, cov nroj tsuag yog mulched. Lub txheej ntawm sawdust los yog peat yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 15-20 cm Nws tseem ceeb heev kom tshem tawm cov mulch nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tuaj, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau overheating thiab rotting ntawm hauv paus system.
Koj puas paub? Qhov loj tshaj plaws pear nyob rau hauv Russia twb loj hlob los ntawm Abas Matiyev los ntawm Ingushetia. Nws qhov hnyav yog 1 kg 7 g.
Pear "Red-sided" yog tsi ntsees los ntawm ntau cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag. Nws tsis tshua muaj feem xyuam rau cytosporosis, powdery mildew thiab scab, pear gall mites, aphids, thiab leafworms. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem siv tshuaj tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag. 
Yog hais tias koj txiav txim siab cog ib tug pear on lub cuab ntxhiab, peb pom zoo xaiv xaiv ntau yam Krasnobokaya. Tsob ntoo yog unpretentious nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas, yog li koj muaj peev xwm loj hlob nws nrog me ntsis kev rau siab thiab txaus siab rau ib tug six thiab nplua nuj sau.
