Cov txiv hmab ntev tau ntev los ua ib qho txiaj ntsim ntawm ib lub caij ntuj sov zoo nkauj los yog vaj tsev. Nyob rau hauv peb cov latitudes, koj yuav saib tau cov saplings ntawm ntau ntau yam, tab sis ntawm lawv yog cov kab uas muab tshwj xeeb cov muag heev txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov nrov dawb raisin belongs rau lawv. Cia peb kawm paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua rau cov zaub hauv qab ntawm nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Luv luv txog grapes
Dawb kishmish yog ntau hom khoom qab zib nrog cov noob me me los yog tsis muaj kiag li (vim li no, tsis muaj qis kishmish hauv qhov). 
Lub vines yog siab thiab muaj zog, nrog yoojyim nplooj, qhov sawv ntawm uas yog nyom upwards. Lub vine ripens ntawm ib qho nruab nrab pace, mus txog 70 buds feem ntau tshwm ntawm txhais tes. Cov pawg yog cov feem ntau loj nyob rau hauv loj, tab sis lawv kuj tuaj nyob thoob plaws loj, ntau ceg.
Kos seb qhov zoo tshaj plaws txiv hmab Kishmish grapes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xws li Kishmish Zaporozhye, Kishmish radiant, Kishmish ua zaim muag.Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj me ntsis elongated oval lossis hloov duab. Cov xim yog xim daj hauv ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo (los ntawm cov txiv qaub rau amber nrog maub dots). Translucent tawv yog yooj yim heev nraus.
Lub berries yog Sweet nyob rau hauv saj, nrog ib tug me me qaub aftertaste.
Cov kab no suav hais tias yog mob tsis taus, thiab nrog kev tu nws loj hlob hauv cov cua sov. Berries ripen rau 155-175 hnub ntawm zaub. Cov qoob loo zoo, tab sis muaj qee qhov teeb meem. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws raug nquahu tias cov neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib mellitus los yog rog rog tsis txhob haus cov pob khaus. Ntawm qhov contraindications - dhau cov hnub nyoog hluas, thiab kuj peptic ulcer.
Yog li, dawb raisin yog predisposed rau cov teebmeem ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov pests, thiab lub fragility ntawm berries complicates tsheb thauj mus los. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj uas lawv siv ntau heev rau kev muab khoom noj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav.
Nutrients thiab calorie raisin
Lub qab zib saj ntawm berries thiab qhov yuav luag tag nrho qhaj ntawm nplej ua kishmish ib tug nyiam delicacy rau ntau. Cia saib dab tsi cov berries "xa" rau peb lub cev.
Vitamins thiab Minerals
Yog hais tias koj noj lub cev ntawm 100 g, ces nws hloov tawm tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov vitamins yog rau ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Nws qhov hnyav nyiaj txog li 6 mg. 
Tus so yog nyob rau hauv xws li qhov ntau:
- vitamin E - 4 mg;
- nicotinic acid (PP) - 0.3 mg;
- B vitamins nrog indices 1, 2, 5, 6 thiab 9 nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nqi ntawm 0.22-0.25 mg;
- beta carotene - 0.03 mg;
- qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov vitamins A thiab H yog suav hauv micrograms (5 thiab 1.5, feem).
Cov zaub mov ntau dua thiab nyhav dua. Lub ntsiab macronutrient yog potassium (225 mg rau tib qhov loj).
Lwm yam khoom qis dua:
- tooj liab - 80 mg;
- calcium - 30 mg;
- sodium - 26 mg;
- phosphorus - 22 mg;
- magnesium - 17 mg;
- silicon - 12 mg;
- leej faj - 7 mg;
- chlorine - 1 mg.
Lawv qhov kev ua zoo txhawb zog siab los ntawm ntau yam khoom plig. Cov no yog hlau (0.6 mg) thiab zinc (0.091 mcg). Cov khoom tom qab yog txhuas thiab boron - 380 thiab 365 μg txhua.Rubidium yog 100 micrograms ntawm no, thaum chromium thiab molybdenum, vanadium thiab cobalt yog micrograms xwb (txij li 2 mus txog 12 feem ntau).
Koj puas paub? Rau kev npaj ntawm ib lub raj mis ntawm cawu cub (0,75 liters) ib qhov nruab nrab ntawm 600 grapes yog yuav tsum tau.
BJU thiab calorie
Qhov ntsuas "proteins-fats-carbohydrates" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhia los ntawm cov nram qab no cov duab:
- proteins - 0.72 g;
- Sibhawm - 0.17 g;
- carbohydrates - 17,2 g
Calorie ntsiab lus - 69 kcal. Tseeb, qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, uas tej zaum yuav txawv nyob ntawm cov kev mob nyob rau hauv uas cov grapes loj hlob.Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm sultry
Vim li no cov lus, kishmish exhibits ntau pab tau zoo, namely:
- txhawb kev tiv thaiv (vim ascorbic acid);
- cleans cov hlab ntsha, li no tiv thaiv kom txhob tshwm sim ntawm cov ntshav txhaws;
Cov hlab ntsha, xws li pob kws, jalapeno kua txob, taub dag, liab qhwv, thiab kua txob ntsuab, thiab ntxuav cov hlab ntsha.
- pab txo cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ntsws;
- maj mam tab sis zoo fights heartburn thiab xeev siab;
- tswj hwm ntshav siab;
- normalizes digestive system (kev siv li niaj zaus txwv tsis pub muaj kev ua txhaum loj hauv txoj hnyuv tawm - mob ntsws, mob plab, lwm yam);
- ua raws li ib tug muaj zog choleretic tus neeg sawv cev, txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob ntawm daim siab thiab ob lub raum;
- tseem ua raws li kev tiv thaiv diuretic, txo kev o;
- koom rau hauv kev txhim kho cov pob txha cov pob txha (uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev txha);
- ua raws li ib qho khoom ua tsis ncaj ncees;
Rose hips, Sage nutmeg, Pine tar, nyom ntshauv, cloves, rogoz, thiab turmeric muaj anti-inflammatory zog.
- Nws muaj kev ntxim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb - nws pab tawm tsam kev ntxhov siab, txo kev ntxhov siab thiab rov qab pw tsaug zog.
Txawm hais tias cov khoom raug poob thaum ziab
Peb twb paub lawm tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm dawb raisin muaj tawv nyias. Rau kev thauj mus los nws yog ib qho raug rho tawm, tab sis nws yog compensated los ntawm qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov kab dawb tseem ceeb yuav ua rau lub caij wintering ntawm -18-19 ° C. Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog Frost yog qhov sib xws cultivar "Hungarian" (aka raisin 342), uas yooj yim tolerates kub -21-26 ° C. Dhau li ntawd, nws tsis yog li kev txom nyem los ntawm ntau yam kab mob.
Cov noob tsis ua rau lawv ua ib qho khoom noj zoo tagnrho rau kev tau txais raisins, thiab txawm tias lub ziab nws tus kheej piv nrog kev ua haujlwm nrog ntau hom "tawv". Qhov tseeb yog tias txawm tom qab txoj kev ua no, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo: cov nuj nqis raug muab hauv 90-92%.
Qhov ntsuas no yog qhov cai rau kev noj qab haus huv. Thaum peb tau noj ntau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab rau 100%, peb nqa tawm rau cov brackets cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis tsim nyog rau ziab (li 6-7%) thiab pov tseg (2-3%). Nws hloov tawm tias qhov no qhuav txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog yuav luag li zoo li tshiab sau. 
Cov lus nug thiab cuab yeej siv ua cov raisins
Ntawm chav kawm, feem ntau delicious thiab tseem ceeb yuav raisins, tau nrog lub kev ua ntawm technology. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim txawm nyob hauv tsev.
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum nyob ze cov khoom noj uas tsim nyog - lub lauj kaub (nyiam dua tsis muaj stainless hlau), ib lub tais loj rau ntxuav qhov chaw, ib qho xim thiab ib lub taub ntim rau hauv khib nyiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv uas tsis siv tau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txhuam tsis muaj berries.
Kev vam meej ntawm txoj haujlwm yog nyob ntawm kev siv lub tshuab fais fab. Nws yog qhov tshuab uas hloov tshiab berries rau hauv raisins.
Cov khoom siv no yog ob lub hoobkas thiab tsev. Nyob rau hauv tsos, lawv rectangular los yog cylindrical ntim. Lub tshav dav hlau (tseem hu ua lub hauv paus) ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev ruaj ntseg muaj qhib rau cov cua nkag. 
Txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm - lattice trays, uas tau teev vertically. Lawv tus naj npawb yuav txawv: ntawm 5 txog 20 (nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov khoom).
Hauv cov tsev muag khoom, cov cua sov tau muab cais tawm rau txhua lub phaj, hla los ntawm kab noj hniav hauv ob sab phab ntsa. Kub yog tswj los ntawm tus tswj vaj huam sib luag, tsim rau 4-5 hom kev lag luam.
Koj puas paub? Tsuas yog 2% ntawm lub ntiaj teb grape sau yog siv rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav. 27% ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog noj tshiab, thiab ib thooj yog siv rau cov tsim caw.
Kev tsim tus kheej ua yog ib lub ntsis yooj yim thiab cia koj mus ua haujlwm nrog ntau ntau cov ntaub ntawv raw. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ntom loading yuav qeeb qeeb ntawm txoj kev thiab yuav tsum tau hluav taws xob ntau dua. 
Daim ntawv qhia no ua rau lub tshuab fais fab tsim muaj.
Yuav tsum muaj cov khoom xyaw
Nov yog yam tsawg kawg nkaus:
- grape raisin - 5 kg;
- dej qab zib - 2.5 tsp.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv grapes rau hauv daim ntawv qhia
Rau qhov kev npaj ntawm raisins siv txhuam nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm medium loj - lub loj tshaj plaws berries raug muab tshem tawm.
Lawm, txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau siav thiab dawb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Tangible dryness thiab kab nrib pleb, mob pob thiab tuab tsaus "mesh" ntawm lub tev ua qhov khoom tsis haum rau kev ua ntxiv.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv - grapes zus nyob rau lawv tus kheej qhov chaw nrog tsawg kawg ntawm kev kho mob nrog muaj zog tshuaj. 
Tus neeg yuav khoom los tsawg me ntsis rau nws: hauv cov nroj qoob loj, cov pawg ua tau tua nrog cov tshuaj tua kab tua tsiaj, uas tseem ntxiv cov tshuaj E220 (kaub roj dioxide siv rau kev txuag dua).
Kev ziab ziab hauv tshuab hluav taws xob nrog cov kauj ruam los ntawm cov duab kos
Lub grapes yog harvested, tag nrho cov tsim nyog "props" ntawm tes - koj tuaj yeem pib:
- Lub grapes ntxuav hauv dej ntws yuav tsum tau ua ntej yuav blanched. Nyob rau hauv lub lauj kaub nrog dej kub npau npau, ntxiv cov dej qab ntsev (ntxiv ntawm ½ tsp ib poom - ntawm no 5-liters ntim, feem ntau, yuav siv 2.5 daig).
- Cov pawg yuav muab tso rau hauv ib lub colander, uas yog dipped hauv boiling dej rau 5-7 feeb. Vim tias qhov loj me me ntawm no lub lauj kaub, ntau cov kev qhia yuav tsum tau ua (cov txheej txheem ua tiav tam sim ntawd nteg tawm nyob rau hauv lub voos voluminous).
- Tom qab ntawd lub grapes txias nyob rau hauv dej txias kom nres txoj kev ua noj ua haus, pib los ntawm blanching.
- Lub txias berries yog cais los ntawm grapes, tshem mus rau sab tshaj plaws txawv thiab puas thaum lub sij hawm tshav kub kho txheej txheem.
- Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tso tawm ntawm cov tais (ntawm no muaj 6). Them sai - chaw thau khoom mus hauv ib txheej. Yog hais tias koj muab tso rau hauv 2, ces tus ua yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua.
- Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws yog teem rau 55 ° C. Nyob rau hauv hom no, lub grapes yuav qhuav rau 34 xuab moos.
- Qhib lub hau, nws yog ib qho yooj yim pom tias berries muaj noticeably poob hauv loj. Tag nrho cov raisin npaj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kab txaij ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws yog 2-3 cm (thaum lub sijhawm tsawg kawg yog 5 hli).
Tam sim no ob peb tus lej. Ntawm tag nrho 5 kg tom qab sib cais ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov kab lus, 4196 g tseem.Heb 84 g tau tso rau hauv qhov pov tseg (uas yog, 4112 g mus rau lub tab). Los ntawm no loj tom qab ziab nws muab tawm 1.2 kg ntawm raisins.
Raws li koj tau pom, tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab: thaum muaj cov khoom siv, koj xav tau me ntsis kev ua siab ntev thiab qhov tseeb ntawm thawj theem. Cov txiaj ntsig yog tsim nyog nws, tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias txhua yam yog nrog koj tus kheej tes yeej ib txwm ua qhov delicacy ib me ntsis ntau six.
Yuav ua li cas lwm tus muaj peev xwm koj qhuav lub grapes
Qhov tsis muaj hluav taws xob tshuab tsis yog kev ua rau kev ntxhov siab. Muaj lwm yam kev sim thiab kev sim kom qhuav. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog raug lub hnub thiab nyob rau hauv qhov cub.
Nyob rau hauv lub hnub
Qhov yooj yim txoj kev, sim rau centuries. Ntxiv nrog rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yuav tsum muaj lub qhov ziab drying platform. 
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qhov no yog ib qho loj loj nrog ib tug tuab mesh ncav saum ntoo planks. Tab sis lwm cov khoom muaj nyob yuav haum - koj tuaj yeem muab cov txiv ntoo rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, phuam los yog txav.
Qhov loj tshaj plaws - kom muab lub grapes nyob rau hauv ib txheej. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua sov, txheej txheem yuav siv ob peb lub lis piam. Rau ib nplua, tab sis cua hlob hnub, cov stocks yuav tsum tau them nrog tuab gauze, uas yuav tsis cia lawv scatter.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov muab kev pab cuam (nrog rau tsuas yog sibhawm), grapes yog heev ze rau mis nyuj haus.
Tsis txhob hnov qab xyuas lub ziab, raws li qhov tsim nyog, coj los rau hauv chav tsev (piv txwv li, thaum muaj huab cua los yog thaum lub sijhawm tawm ntawm qhov chaw).
Txiav txim siab txog qhov kawm tiav - ob peb lub cim tseem ceeb: cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau mus txog lub xeev ntawm raisins sawv ntsug hauv cov xim tsaus nti daj uas muaj phaj nyaj thiab muag muag, txawm me ntsis khov (nrog rau qhov ntuj tsim kom muaj 15-20% ntawm cov dej noo). 
Nyob rau hauv qhov cub
Ib qho kev xaiv sai - Extract nyob rau hauv qhov cub:
- Grapes kis tau rau ob daim ntawv txhuam hniav, muaj ntaub ntawv tuab.
- Ua kom paub tseeb tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog muab tso rau hauv ib txheej, cov ntim nrog lawv muab tso rau hauv qhov cub rhaub kom 55-60 ° S, me ntsis qhib lub qhov rooj (kom tawm hauv dej).
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau mus ua si, ua ke tib lub sij hawm hloov poom rau hauv qhov chaw.
- Npaj txhij rau hauv cov xim yuav zoo ib yam li nrog txoj kev ziab khaub ncaws.
Lub sij hawm ntawm kev ua noj ua haus yuav txawv heev - nws yog nyob ntawm seb qhov cub ua haujlwm li cas (nws tshwm sim li nws nyuam qhuav tau "rub tawm" thiab koj yuav tsum so mus ua haujlwm).
Yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob grapes rau ziab koj tus kheej
Muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam cog raisins, uas pleases nrog nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (thiab cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav tig mus rau hauv raisins). Yog li ntawd, peb yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau cov ntsiab lus li cas agricultural machinery zoo li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dawb raisins. 
Xaiv qhov chaw
Qhov no grape xav tau chaw: seedlings raug muab tso rau kwv yees li 1 m los ntawm lub laj kab, nrog ib tug caij nyoog ntawm 2-3 m ntawm lawv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Rau tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo grape, lub teeb hom yog ib qho tseem ceeb: qhov nroj tsuag tsis nyiam ib tug tuab duab ntxoov ntxoo.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm kev txhawb nqa yog yuav tsum tau ua, thiab thaum koj loj hlob, koj yuav tsum ncab cim (rau ntau qhov nroj tsuag, muaj peev xwm yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib tw).
Tsaws
Lub sij hawm zoo tshaj plaws yog los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj mus rau xyoo thib peb ntawm lub Tsib Hlis. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov av pib sov so, thiab kev hem thawj ntawm huab cua txias heev erodes. 
Nyob rau hauv lub seedling khawb ib lub qhov nrog ib tug tob ntawm 70 cm (nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 75-80). Ib cov kua dej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm gravel yog muab tso rau hauv qab, thiab ib tug sib tov ntawm xuab zeb, sod thiab humus yog muab rau nws nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev txhawb nqa yog muab thiab seedling yog muab kom zoo zoo tso, lub keeb kwm ntawm uas yog them nrog huv av.
Kawm yuav ua li cas cog koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn, thiab yuav ua li cas cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg los ntawm cuttings.
Nws tseem yog mus ncuav ib tug Bush (10 liv dej) thiab zom nws.
Nyob rau hauv tib lub kab lus, koj muaj peev xwm av lub raisins nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, los ntawm thaum pib ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj mus txog rau thawj Frost. Tab sis qhov no, ntau qhov teeb meem - koj yuav tsum tau npog lub sapling nrog ib lub raj mis yas nrog qhov muab txiav los ntawm qhov cua, thiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov txias koj yuav tsum tau them rau nws nrog koob los yog txheej txheej ntawm sawdust.
Kev kho mob
Nws tag nrho pib nrog thawj thawj luas ntawm 2 tug neeg ua haujlwm, uas yog ua tiav hauv thawj xyoo. Ntxiv mus, raws caij nyoog trimming (8-12 qhov muag) thiab tshem tawm cov qaug zog ceg ntoo. 
Watering nyob rau hauv cov huab cua sov yog txo mus rau 15 liv dej nyob rau hauv txhua Bush nrog ib tug caij nyoog ntawm 3-4 hnub. Ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej harvesting, watering yog tsawg, me ntsis wetting hauv av ntawm bushes.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv ancient Iehovah mythology, txwv tsis pub lub vaj kaj siab tsob ntoo raug suav hais tias tsis yog ib qho kua ntoo, tab sis ib tug vine Bush.
Sab saum toj dressing scheme tseem yog yooj yim: nitrogen tebchaw ntxiv nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab magnesium sulphate tov nrog calcium phosphate yog siv rau tshuaj. Tsev "recharge" tuav nyob rau ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm flowering.
Kom tswj cov kab tsis zoo siv cov tshuaj tua kab sib txawv, uas txawv hauv cov tshuaj thiab txoj kev kho mob (saib cov lus qhia).
Cov khoom xws li "BI-58", "Fastak", "Kinmiks", "Angio", "Calypso", "Omayt", "Marshal" yog cov tshuaj tua kab.
Harvesting
Nws ntog rau thaum xaus ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj - pib ntawm lub yim hli ntuj. Ntau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nyob ntawm ntau yam, huab cua hauv cheeb tsam thiab muaj kev saib xyuas zoo. 
Pawg ua ke: hnyav nruab nrab ntawm 250 mus rau 400 g, ntawm qhov zoo xau tau loj hlob thiab txhuam hauv 500-600 g
Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas tau raisins los ntawm dawb raisins, dab tsi yog kev siv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab dab tsi yog cultivation ntawm no grapes zoo li nyob rau hauv dav dav. Peb vam tias cov ntaub ntawv no pab tau, thiab peb cov neeg nyeem yuav tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tus kheej nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav ntawm lawv qhov kev npaj. Bon appetit!
