Tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab txawv tshaj plaw cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lub ntiaj teb yog lub tsob ntoo ntoo "Aport", txog qhov uas peb yuav loj hlob thiab tu cov khoom siv no.
Keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm
Lub keeb kwm ntawm ntau yam "Aport" mus deb rov qab nyob rau hauv antiquity, thiab rau hnub no tsis muaj 100% paub tseeb cov lus qhia txog nws qhov tseeb keeb kwm. 
Muaj ntau ntau yam tsis muaj zog:
- ib txhia ntseeg hais tias thawj cov ntoo pib pib loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw tam sim no-hnub Ukraine, kwv yees li nyob rau xyoo pua XII;
- lwm tus - hais tias "Aport" yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, vim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lub tsev teev ntuj rau 1175 tau coj tuaj rau tebchaws Poland los ntawm Ottoman Empire;
- thiab tsuas yog ob peb koom rau lub thib peb version, uas hais tias no hom tuaj rau peb los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv.
Ua ntej thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, qhov ntau tau pom nyob rau hauv Fabkis, Belgium thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees, tsuas yog hnav npe txawv hauv cov teb chaws no.
Piv txwv, nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees no lub tsob ntoo no hu ua "Lavxias teb sab Emperor Alexander", hauv Belgium - "Tus thawj coj ntawm kev zoo nkauj", thiab Fabkis cov neeg hu ua hom "Thawj Tswj Hwm Napoleon".
Ntxiv rau cov teb chaws saum toj no, cov kua ntoo tau pib thoob plaws hauv lus Askiv lub zos (1817), ces tuaj rau ntawm Kazakhstan Almaty (1865), qhov chaw uas nws tau ua qhov kev kawm tshwj xeeb kev soj ntsuam thiab kawm. 
Alma-Ata breeders pib hla lub "Aport" nrog lub zos cov qus ntau yam, uas ua rau "Vernensky" thiab "Alma Ata Aport", uas muaj npe nrov rau 500-gram txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam txawv me me nqaij muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam qab teb thiab nruab nrab ntawm Russia, tab sis vim yog lub capriciousness thiab unpredictability ntawm ntau yam, ntoo yog zus tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb uas muaj chaw tso cai greenhouses.
Koj puas paub? Raws li qhov tseeb cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam los ntawm British pomologists (hauv 2000), nws pom tau hais tias cov nplooj ntoo ntawm Aport ntau yam yog cov tsiaj qus ntawm Sievers.
Nqe lus thiab nta
Cov ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm "Aport" yog txawv los ntawm lwm yam nrov ntau yam, thiab yog li lawv cov lus piav qhia yog nthuav heev. 
Cov ntoo
Cov ntoo, raws li txoj cai, muaj zog, muaj kev sib kis, ncaj-sib npaug, tsis muaj neeg sib tw thiab muaj pes tsawg tus skeletal tua nrog ib tug me me ntawm cov xim lentils. Qhov lub cheeb ntawm lub pob tw txawv ntawm 8 mus rau 10 m.
Ntsuam xyuas kuj xws li ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo xws li "Royalties", "Rozaltestvenskoe", "Ural Bulk", "Krasa Sverdlovsk", "Orlinka", "Orlovim", "Zvezdochka", "Kandil Orlovsky", "Papirovka", "Screen" , "Antey", "Rudolf", "Bratchud", "Robin", "Red Chief", "Glory to the Victors".Cov ceg ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj zog heev thiab txav deb ntawm kem ntawm lub qhov muag txaus loj. Foliage tau sib npaug zoo thiab tsaus ntsuab, nplua nuj xim.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Cov tsos ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no Kua yog ciav nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab gigantic loj. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog li ntawm 300-350 g, Txawm li cas los, qhov hnyav ntawm ib co txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tau ncav cuag 600 thiab tseem ncav cuag 900 g. 
Qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv apples yog flattened-conical nrog ib tug luv luv noticeable ribbing. Nyob rau hauv cov xim, nyob ntawm ntau yam, ntau yam ci ntxoov yog tag nrho: daj-ntsuab, nrog ib tug maub liab, pronounced, streaky blush, uas occupies kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cov tev npog lub kua muaj ib lub qauv tuab ntom uas muaj me ntsis oily thiab glossy sheen.
Kuj yog tam sim no yog ib cov lus tshaj tawm cov lus thiab ntau ntau cov pob khaus loj, uas muaj xim ntsuab los yog xim dawb. Cov nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog dawb, ntawm nplua-grained qauv, nrog ib tug muag heev greenish tinge thiab ib tug qaub-Sweet, ntsim thiab crumbly saj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub rhawv tshem ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Lavxias teb sab cheeb tsam tshwm sim, raws li ib txoj cai, nyob rau hauv ob xyoo caum ntawm lub Cuaj Hli. Rau noj mov apples yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis tom qab sau.
Ntau yam
Muaj ntau yam "Aport" muaj nyob rau ntau tshaj 200 xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm uas muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tau cog kab mob no tau raug coj los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws, uas cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws yog: "Blood-Red Aport", "Aport Dubrovsky", "Zailiysky" thiab "Alexandria ". 
Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshwj xeeb, ib tug ua tau raws li txhua yam hais txog ntau yam, tau txais lawv cov lus qhia ntxaws thiab cov nuances ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb rau kev cog qoob thiab kev saib xyuas.
Cov kev cai rau xaiv thiab yuav khoom ntawm seedlings
Yog tias koj xaiv qhov loj-fruited "Aport" thiab tab tom yuav los yuav cov noob qoob loo cog qoob loo ntawm cov ntoo txawv txawv, ua ntej koj yuav tau, ua ntej txhua yam, nco ntsoov tias cov khoom "xaiv" ua tau raws li qee yam tseem ceeb thiab cov txheej xwm:
- Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau seedlings tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tuam txab los yog pov thawj vaj lub koom haum nrog ib tug zoo lub koob npe nrov.
- Lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub seedling yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj li 2 xyoos. Nws yog yau dua, nws yuav zoo dua tuaj yeem ua cag thiab loj tuaj. Txiav txim xyuas lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog tsis nyuaj - cia li saib seb lub seedling tau tsim ceg (yog tias tsis yog, cov khoom yog ib xyoos). Ib tug biennial nroj tsuag muaj 2 los yog 3 ntxiv ceg uas stick tawm nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia ntawm ib kaum ntawm 50-90 °.
- Tshawb xyuas cov "khoom" yuav tsum ua kom zoo zoo: nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab qia yuav tsum tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab kev loj hlob, thiab nyob rau hauv lub crust ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum ci ntsuab.
- Hauv paus system yuav tsum moist mus rau lub kov, tiam sis tsis rotten, thiab lub keeb kwm yuav tsum tau muaj ib qho kev ywj pheej thiab tsis muaj zog-taus.
- Qhov ntev ntawm lub keeb kwm yuav tsum yog txog 40 cm.
- Nws tsis pom zoo los yuav cov yub nplooj ntoo uas muaj ntau nplooj tuaj yeem tau cog qoob loo.
Xaiv qhov chaw rau ntawm qhov chaw
Qhov no ntau yam yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv ib qho chaw tshav ntuj, cua tiv thaiv. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau yug nyob rau hauv lub hlwb hais tias hauv paus system ntawm Kua "Aport" yog haum rau qhov chaw nyob qhov twg hauv av theem yog tsis muaj siab tshaj li 1 meter.
Yog hais tias cov dej los ze zog, nws yuav tsum tau ntim cov hauv qab ntawm lub qhov taub nrog ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb tawg thiab pob zeb, thiab tsa cov nroj tsuag ntawm nws tus kheej me ntsis saum qaum av.
Npaj ua haujlwm
Ua ntej cog ib lub yub, nws cov hauv paus hniav yuav tsum tau soaked nyob rau hauv dej thiab khaws cia muaj rau tsawg kawg ib hnub. Yuav kom tsim kho kev loj hlob ntawm cov keeb kwm ntxiv, koj siv tau cov kev daws "Kornevina" los yog "Heteroauxin".
Cov stimulators kuj muaj xws li "Bud", "Charm", "Kornerost", "Chunky", "Etamon", "Vympel", "Energen", "Zircon", "Stimulus".Lub pob zeb "Aport" yog npaj rau 6 lub hlis ua ntej lub caij cog qoob loo: nws qhov tob thiab qhov kab yuav tsum yog 1 m. Nws pom zoo kom muab cov av tshem tawm nrog cov xuab zeb (1 thoob), compost (1 lub thoob), ntoo tshauv (800 g) thiab cov pob zeb tshwj xeeb .
Cov kauj ruam-ua-theem txheej txheem ntawm cog seedlings
Cov ntoo "Aport" yog mus rau lig, lub caij ntuj no ntau yam, yog li ntawd, nws yog preferable cog nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg caij rau zoo thiab ceev ciaj. Txoj kev tsaws nws tus kheej yog faib ua ob peb theem:
- Qhov tsua qhov khawb raws qhov loj ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Raws li twb tau hais saum toj no, nws yuav tsum tau npaj rau 6 lub hlis ua ntej yuav pib ua ntej, thiab ua ntej cog, cov av av tau raug muab pub rau noj tshwj xeeb.
- Qhov npaj sib tov ua ke ib lub pov toj, nyob rau hauv uas lub yub muas yog ces muab tso rau.
- Nrog ib qho kev qhib paus system, lub keeb kwm yog straightened cia nyob rau hauv cov kev coj ntawm lub hillsides.
- Tom qab lem, lub qhov tsoo yuav tsum tau ntim nrog av, nrees tuav lub pob tw nrog ib txhais tes thiab ntuag sij hawm cov nroj tsuag kom tsis txhob tsim voids nruab nrab ntawm cov hauv paus hniav.
- Tom qab cog tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau poured abundantly, kom txog thaum lub dej retains nyob rau saum npoo, thiab qia yuav tsum zoo tov nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm humus thiab peat.
Lub caij ntu saib xyuas
Ib yam li lwm cov ceg ntoo, "Aport" yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas raws caij nyoog, nrog rau kev saib xyuas kom zoo thiab ceev faj.
Kev tu xyuas av
Kev tu xyuas av yuav tsum muaj xws li:
- Watering - nws yuav tsum yog raws sij hawm thiab tsis tu ncua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub. Dej (ob peb lub thoob) yuav tsum coj los rau hauv ib qho me me nroj tsuag 1 lossis 2 zaug hauv ib lub lim tiam. Nco ntsoov tom qab cov txheej txheem dej ntau yog loosening.
- Weeding cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau nqa tawm raws li cov nroj tsuag kis.
- Yuav kom zoo dua tsim cov yub thiab kom muaj qhov tseeb ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv cov av nyob rau hauv lub kua ntoo, mulching yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov mob hais tias mulch yuav lined nrog ib tug 5 cm txheej thiab yuav muaj ib tug mullein, manure, sawdust los yog mowed nyom ntawm cereals.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Sab saum toj dressing "Aport" yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg caij nyoog. Thaum lub sij hawm cov sij hawm no nitrogen-muaj pob zeb hauv av chiv raug muab tso rau hauv cov av.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov chiv uas muaj nitrogen yuav tsum yog tsis pub dhau lub Cuaj Hli. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua qhov no thaum pib ntawm lub hli.
Lub tswv yim kom ua tiav rau noj:
- thaum lub sij hawm flowering, ua 5 liv ntawm manure, 2 liv ntawm nqaij qaib manure, 100 g ntawm phosphate thiab 70 g ntawm poov tshuaj, yav dhau los diluted nyob rau hauv ib tug 10-liter muaj peev xwm;
- tom qab flowering nws yog zoo siv 500 g ntawm nitrophoska, 10 g ntawm sodium humate tov nrog ib tug thoob dej;
- nyob rau hauv lub Autumn (los tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no) - 30 g ntawm poov tshuaj, 60 g ntawm ob superphosphate thiab 30 g ntawm poov hlau yuav tsum tau diluted nyob rau hauv 10 liv dej thiab muab no sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv cov av.
Tshuaj tua phom
Yog tsis muaj lub caij phom sij ntawm cov ntoo hauv qab, tsis txhob hu ua kom tiav. 
Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua kom thiaj li hais tias cov nroj tsuag muaj tsawg li uas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau cov kab mob thiab tsis tawm tsam kab tsuag.
Rau thawj lub sij hawm, ib qho kua ntoo yuav tsum tau kho nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab nyiam dua ua ntej Bud tawg, ces tiv thaiv Txau yog periodically nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm thiab tom qab flowering.
Kev kho mob ntawm "Aport" yog pom zoo tsuas yog siv nrog pov thawj, zoo txhais tau tias: urea, Bordeaux kua, tooj liab thiab hlau vitriol.
Formative, sanitary thiab anti-aging pruning
Pruning apples ntawm cov chav kawm no yog nqa nrog sanitary, rejuvenating thiab, qhov tseem ceeb, hom phiaj hom phiaj. 
Thawj qhov kev lag luam yog ua tiav thaum xyoo thib ob lossis thib 3 xyoo tom qab cog ntoo, ib txwm nyob hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, sov thiab cua qhuav: ua ntej ntawm txhua yam, cov kab uas loj hlob hauv cov yas yog hla, cov ceg ntoo tshiab, thiab cov txheej txheem qub.
Separate sanitary pruning yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev npaj txhij txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntoo los ntawm fungal kab mob (withered ceg, bark nyob rau hauv ib co chaw, dub dots on the trunks).
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm cov kab mob hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag sai li sai tau "kev phais".
Anti-laus pruning yog ib txwm aimed ntawm kev txhim kho cov fruiting ntawm tsob ntoo kua, nrog rau txuas ntxiv ntawm nws lub neej. Nws yuav ua tau tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm so, tab sis tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum tus txheej txheem ntawm SAP khiav pib nyob rau hauv lub pob tw. 
Tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej yuav tsum pib nrog pruning qhov loj tshaj tuag ceg, ces koj yuav tsum pib txiav lub so.
Tag nrho cov tawg, qhuav thiab tsis zoo cog ceg yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm lub pob tw nws tus kheej, thiab nco ntsoov ua raws li cov ntsiab cai "nws yog qhov zoo uas tshem tawm ob peb ceg loj dua me me".
Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txias thiab nas
Hmoov tsis, "Aport" yog tsis nto moo rau nws cov high tsis kam mus rau Frost, yog li ntawd, pib, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los cog no ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo kua rau lub caij ntuj no-Hardy varietal rootstocks.
Raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tswj hwm, cua sov, qhov cub cua sov, cov nqaij hlav thiab cov kab xo zoo coj cov txiaj ntsim zoo, uas raug kub hnyiab rau cov chaw ua ntej kaj ntug thiab tsim kom muaj cua kub hnyiab los ntawm cov pa hnyav. 
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kua ntoo ntawm cov nas tsuag (feem ntau yog siv thiab cov nas), siv cov hau kev zoo li no:
- kos duab hlau ntxaij nrog 20 hli hlwb;
- tso nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag ntxhiab deterrent tshuaj ntsuab, piv txwv li, mint;
- Hloov cov khoom nylon tom qab - qub vuam txwv ntev lossis pantyhose; nas tsuag tsis noj lawv;
- muab tso rau ntawm cov ceg ntawm cov ntawv dub (ua rog yog ntshai heev);
- lo lub ncej nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm mullein thiab av nplaum;
- ntoo kho nrog tooj liab sulphate los yog bordeaux kua.
Koj puas paub? Kev tshawb nrhav archaeological pom tau hais tias tib neeg siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm txiv apples txij li 6500 BC. er
Loj hlob loj thiab cua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov "Aport" nyob rau hauv lawv cheeb tsam tsis yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev ua tiav thiab kev siv ntawm cov lus qhia uas tau muab teev tseg thiab kev xav rau hauv lub peev xwm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv no, nws yog qhov ua tau kom tau zoo heev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li thaum nws tiag tiag justifies tag nrho cov feem ntau daring kev ntshaw.
