Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov nas yog paub txog ntau tus tswv tsev ntawm ntiag tug tsev, vim hais tias kev sib ntaus tawm tsam lawv qee zaum plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws lub koom haum. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tswv tsev muaj peev xwm ntsib tej yam kab tsuag, xws li qee cov tsiaj me tsiv ntawm lub qab daus mus rau qhov nkag. Qhov feem ntau siv tau thiab paub zoo uas yuav tau tshem ntawm txoj kev txom nyem yog cov tshuaj tua kabmob - tshuaj lom neeg txhais tau tias tiv thaiv nas, uas yog, tshuaj lom. Cia saib nws yog dab tsi, hom dab tsi nyob thiab siv lawv.
Nws yog dab tsi?
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog tsim nyog teev tias rodenticide yog ib qho tshuaj tshwj xeeb siv los tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nas thiab nas. Xws li ib qho kev sau ntawv kuj yog ob qho tib si organic thiab hluavtaws, tab sis qhov kawg xaiv tseem nrov dua, raws li nws tau ua nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv mus siv cuag. Tsis ntev tom qab lawv siv, koj yuav pom tias cov no yog cov tshuaj zoo tiag tiag.
Cov tshuaj tua kab no yog siv cov kab: Aktara, Aktal "," Konfidor "," Decis "," Calypso "," Fastak "," Vertimek "," Lepidotsid "," Kemifos "," Enzio "," Nemabakt, Aktofit.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov tub ntxhais hluas yog ib qho zoo nkauj thiab tsis hnov tsw rau kab. Nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias cov nas yog qhov txawv txav ntawm kev loj hlob zoo li ntawd; yog li ntawd, thiaj li yuav kom lawv noj tshuaj lom, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj teeb meem nyob hauv lawv.
Ntxiv mus, txawm tias tom qab cov tshuaj lom tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm tus kab, nws yuav tsis pib ua tam sim no, uas yog tshwj xeeb yog muab rau kev nce nyiaj ntau npaum li cas (tsis ntshai, nas yuav noj ntau dua ib zaug).
Feem ntau ntawm cov kev sib txuas ua ke nyob rau theem pib ua rau muaj kev sib thab hauv tus nas, uas ua rau nws tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob sab nraud thiab tuag tas. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum xaiv ib hom tshuaj yeeb, nws tseem ceeb heev uas nws tsis muaj cov nyhuv zoo li cov tsiaj nyeg, vim hais tias lawv noj tau ib cov tshuaj phom.
Rodenticides feem ntau tuaj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom noj tau tiav (cereals, granules los yog briquettes), thiab tsuas yog ib txhia ntawm lawv tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov los yog kua.
Koj puas paub? Rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nas nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov roj siv tau dav siv. Thawj thawj zaug, asphyxiating gases raug siv los tua cov gophers thaum xyoo 1917, raws li lawv tau cog qoob loo hauv thaj tsam ntawm Tomsk lub xeev. Nrog rau kev siv technology, ntxiv rau chlorine, nws sib tov nrog phosgene thiab ntshiab khoom pib siv, as Well as compounds uas chlorine thiab sulfuryl chloride tau ua ke.
Kev cais thiab kev coj
Qhov faib ntawm tag nrho cov pob txha hauv kev sib koom ua ke rau hauv pawg ntseeg yuav tsum yog tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj lom rau cov tsiaj, nrog rau nws cov tshuaj tua kab (organic thiab inorganic). Xav paub ntau ntxiv yog qhov ceev ntawm qhov tshuaj lom ntawm cov tsiaj lub cev, vim nws yog qhov ntsuas no uas tso cai rau koj los xam lub sij hawm rau kev tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov kab tsuag.
Nqis
Xws li yeeb tshuaj ua rau tuag tau ntawm cov kab tuag nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm luv luv (ntawm 30 feeb txog 24 xuab moos). Xws li lub tebchaw xws li arsenic compounds, zinc phosphide, strychnine thiab lwm tus. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ib theem siab ntawm tshuaj lom, uas yog vim li cas lawv tsis muag dawb. Feem ntau, lawv tsuas yog siv los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kev pabcuam fais fab-epidemiological. 
Mob ntev
Ib pawg subconfirmatic los sis ib pawg ntawm cov kabmob sib txuas ua ke nrog cov tshuaj uas tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov nas tsuag, tab sis maj mam sib sau nyob rau hauv lawv lub cev thiab qhia lawv cov kev ua tau zoo nrog cov concentration txaus. Feem ntau, qhov tshwm sim tau tos ob peb lub lis piam.
Cov kev sib txuas ntawm no muaj xws li hu ua "anticoagulants", uas ua rau muaj ntshav thiab muaj ntau hom kab mob uas tua kab tsuag. Cov nyhuv qeeb ntawm cov tshuaj no tsis ua rau muaj cov tsos mob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab tsuag hauv nas, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv yuav rov qab mus rau tshuaj lom ntau zaus. 
Kev cai ntawm daim ntawv thov
Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej ua ntej siv cov kab ntawv uas tau txais los, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog txoj hau kev ntawm nws txoj kev siv, uas tau muab faib ua ob pawg: nrog rau muaj kab nuv ntses thiab tsis muaj nws. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj zaug, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau npaj cov tshuaj lom los yog yuav nws hauv daim ntawv tiav thiab ua rau nws nyob hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov nas.
Tag nrho cov khoom siv tau muab nkag rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhuav (hmoov, cereal, granular, nyuaj thiab mos briquettes) thiab cov kua tso kua (5-10% qab zib yog diluted hauv dej, npias, mis los yog lwm cov kua dej). 
Nyob rau hauv lub yav tas rooj plaub, tshuaj lom sib tov yog thov mus rau resulting sib tov los yog tshuaj lom tsuas yog yaj nyob rau hauv nws. Npaj txhij tuaj yeem tso rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj qis qis, thiab nrog cov pej xeem siab ntawm cov nas, cov txheej txheem pheej rov qab mus txog thaum lawv raug tag.
Txoj kev siv cov tshuaj lom neeg kis mus rau cov tshuaj lom neeg no yog siv cov tshuaj tua kab (rodendicide), cov tshuaj pastes thiab foams, uas tsuas yog siv rau saum npoo av los yog sab nrauv ntawm cov phab ntsa, qhov twg cov tsiaj tuaj yeem tau txais ib hom tawv zoo rau lawv.
Tawm ntawm lawv cov tawv nqaij, ntaub ntub dej thiab cov xoos membranes, tshuaj lom maj mam nkag mus rau hauv nws lub cev, ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Cov hmoov zoo li cov tshuaj lom tau zoo tshaj plaws rau cov hom phiaj no, yog li ntawd cov tsiaj tuaj yeem "sib koom nrog" nws cov txheeb ze (nws zoo zoo zoo li hauv lub tsho loj, sai sai ntawm daim tawv nqaij). 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws zoo dua tsis siv cov kev txuas ntawm cov chaw hauv cov chaw uas lwm cov tsiaj txhu los yog yuav cov khoom uas tsis txaus ntshai rau lawv.Muaj qee zaum, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov nas tsuag, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev siv ob txoj kev, vim cov nas tsuag no txheeb xyuas cov npog thiab hla cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb
Ua hauj lwm nrog txhua yam tshuaj tua kab yog muaj feem xyuam nrog txoj kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg uas siv lawv. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej yuav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov kabmob, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog kom paub koj tus kheej nrog kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm thaum siv lawv. Qhov tseeb, tsuas yog cov neeg laus tshaj li 18 xyoo thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis haum xeeb rau tej kev ua no (piv txwv, kev tsis haum tshuaj, lub sij hawm ntawm kev xeeb menyuam los yog kev pub niam mis) yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nrog cov nas tsuagzees. 
Npaj, npaj cov tshuaj lom thiab cov kab tsim cov kab tsuag yuav tsum tau muab coj los ua hauv cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb, los ntawm cov ntaub los yog cov paj rwb, cov khau tiv thaiv thiab hnab looj tes (thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj lom hmoov, lawv yuav tsum tau rubber lossis coated film). Tsis tas li ntawd, ob lub qhov muag raug tiv thaiv (hermetic iav siv) thiab kab mob hauv lub cev (ib daim npog qhov ncauj tshwj xeeb los yog lub tshuab ua pa yuav hnav tau rau ntawm lub ntsej muag).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog tias koj tsis muaj hnab looj tes rau ntawm tes, koj tuaj yeem siv cov hnab looj tes tsis zoo, tsuas yog koj yuav tau saib xyuas lawv txoj kev ntseeg thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Yog tias cov dej noo tau hauv lawm, cov hnab looj ntsej muag tau hloov tam sim ntawd nrog ib tus neeg huv thiab qhuav khub.Tom qab ua hauj lwm, cov khaub ncaws uas tuaj yeem ua rau tshuaj tua kab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd, thiab ua raws li cov nram qab no: tsis tshem cov hnab looj tes los ntawm txhais tes, lawv thawj zaug ntxuav hauv dej soda (10 g yuav tsum tau noj nrog 500 g ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej khov), tom qab yaug dej thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj tua kab, tsom iav thiab khau.
Tshem tawm cov ris tsho thiab cov ris tsho los ntawm lub cev. Qhov muag thiab qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum tau so nrog kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ces cov hnab looj tes yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab tes yuav tsum tau ntxuav hauv qab dej nrog xab npum.Cov tsho sab nrauv yuav tsum tau shaken, qhuav thiab zoo ventilated, ces muab tso rau hauv cia cais khoom los yog cov tub rau khoom nyob hauv chav tsev nyob (tsis nyob hauv tsev!).
Kawm yuav ua li cas kom tshem tau cov nab, voles, rog, mole nas, vipers, nkawj, ntsaum, kab npoo, weevils, shrews nyob rau hauv lub dacha.
Nws yuav ua tau los ntawm kev ua kom huv raws li nws muaj kab mob (tsawg kawg ib zaug ib lub lim tiam), yog tias peb tsis tham txog kev kho ib leeg ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov nas tsuag.
Yog tias tsim nyog, yuav tsum ua kom tiav qhov chaw loj, uas, yog li, yuav siv sij hawm zoo, ces txhua 50 feeb koj yuav tsum tau ua li ntawm kaum tsib nas this, nrog qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Mus rau huab cua ntshiab lossis mus rau lwm qhov chaw uas tsis muaj cov pa luam yeeb tshuaj tua hluav taws. 
Nws kuj yog txwv tsis pub haus luam yeeb, noj mov los yog haus dej thaum ua haujlwm kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij thiab hnyuv membranes. Yog hais tias muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij (txawm khawb me los yog tej qhov nqaij ntuag), nws zoo dua rau kev tso siab rau kev ua haujlwm rau lwm tus lossis, yog tias ua tau, qev tshuaj siv tshuaj.
Thaum ua cov chaw loj (piv txwv, hauv factories) nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev ua haujlwm hauv cov pawg tsawg lossis tsawg kawg yog ob leeg.
Koj puas paub? Nas yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tib neeg ntiaj teb uas tsis tau mob. Qhov tseeb yog tias lawv tsis yog physiologically muaj peev xwm los ua kev zoo li no, uas yog facilitated los ntawm cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub diaphragm thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm lub plab rau daim ntawv cog lus kom koj tuaj yeem xa zaub mov rov qab.
Nrov tshaj yeeb tshuaj
Nyob rau niaj hnub kev ua lag luam muaj ntau txoj kev npaj rau kev tswj menyuam yaus. Txhua tus yog qhov zoo rau nws tus kheej txoj kev, yog li ua ntej xaiv ib txoj hauv kev ua nws qhov chaw uas zoo heev, koj yuav tsum siv nyiaj rau nws tus cwj pwm: qhov chaw nyob yog chav tsev los yog cellars, warehouses lossis garages. 
Qee lub tebchaw tuaj yeem ua rau lom neeg ntawm ib tug neeg txawm tias thaum lawv nqus tau pa, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tsis tsim nyog rau kev ua vaj tse. Thaum khaws cia hauv chav ua tiav, khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv kom tau kev sib cuag nrog cov nas tsuag.
Xav txog cov kev xaiv nrov tshaj plaws rau cov cuab yeej xws li:
- "Phem tuag" - tej zaum qhov nto moo tshaj plaws rau kev siv tus kheej. Nws muaj ib qho anticoagulant uas hloov qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntshav, thiab nws yuav tawm mus rau hauv kev, qhov chaw nws tuag. Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no cov khoom noj lom tsis pom thiab cov tsiaj tsis pom muaj tej yam tshwm sim ntawm nws, cov tib neeg tsis muaj neeg tsis tuaj yeem muab rau kev ntshai thiab tsis ntev los ua cov neeg raug mob tom ntej. Qhov kev npaj no muaj ob yam tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj pleev kom qoob loo kom siv cov khoom siv li ntawm ob lub xyoos. Ib ntim ntawm "Phem tuag" yuav ua kom txaus 40 m² ntawm thaj chaw.
- "Krysid" - hmoov nrog ntau yam zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov kab nuv ntses no cuam tshuam cov ntshav cov kab thiab ua rau lawv tuag tsawg dua ib hnub tom qab siv tshuaj lom. Rau hauv lub tsev ntawm cov miv, cov dev thiab lwm cov tsiaj, muaj pes tsawg leeg toxicity, vim li no, nws yog ob qho tib si rau kev sib ntaus sib tua nas nyob hauv qab daus, thiab kom tau tshem ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej ua liaj ua teb. Nws muaj peev xwm muab tov nrog cov noob, cov cereal, nplej, qhob cij thiab tsev cheese. Cov nas me tuaj yeem tsim kev tiv thaiv mus rau "Phaj", uas yog vim li cas nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ntau tshaj ib zaug ob peb lub hlis.
- "Golif" - ib qho ntawm qhov kev ua tau sai tshaj thiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm hom no. Nws tsuas yog siv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev pabcuam kev tu mob, thiab kev tuag ntawm cov nas tsuag tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab ob peb hnub, uas ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau ntshai ntawm lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg txheeb ze ntawm tus neeg mob. Zoo li ntau lwm qhov sib xyaw uas zoo sib xws, "Golif" ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo ntawm cov pa thiab ua rau cov nas tsuag thiab cov nas tsuag tawm ntawm lawv lub tsev. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuag nyob sab nraud lub tsev, yog li ua kom tsis txhob kis cov ntxhiab tsw hauv tsev.
- Lub Nutcracker. Nws yog ib qho zoo li lub cev gelatinous, nkag rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov npas ca. Kev tsim nyog rau siv nyob hauv txhua hom chaw: hauv cov tsev nyob thiab thaj chaw tsis muaj tsev nyob, thiab cov tshuaj lom tsis poob nws cov khoom txawm tias nyob ntawm cov av qeeg.
- "Mortorat". Qhov kev kho no txawv ntawm lwm cov kev npaj zoo sib xws los ntawm kev kuaj pom muaj brodifacum nyob hauv nws cov qoob loo - cov khoom nquag ua rau lub mummification ntawm tus tsiaj lub cev tom qab nws tuag. Ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj tus tuag tsis hnov tsw koj hnov. Cov tshuaj muaj yees nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm briquettes, uas yog nteg tawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj kab tsuag ntau tshaj plaws kev puas tsuaj (qhov deb ntawm kab uas nyob ib sab yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5 meters). Lub sij hawm ntawm lub tshuaj - 5 hnub, tom qab uas tuag ntawm nas.
- "Zookumarin" - tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug qhuav hmoov, uas yog tov nrog zaub mov thiab decomposed nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas nas yog cov nquag. Thaum siv nws, muaj 100% pov tseg cov nas thiab 70% ntxuav ntawm chav tsev ntawm nas. Lub ncov ntawm cov menyuam yaus tuag tau poob rau hnub 7 txog 7 hnub tom qab khaws cov kab nuv ntses.
Anticoagulant rodenticides
Xyoo 1942, lub ntiaj teb tau kawm txog ib yam khoom xws li coumarin, thiab me ntsis tom qab, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom txog cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khib nyiab, uas tau dhau los ua tsov rog nrog cov nas. Yog li, tsis yog searching for tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj lom neeg, lub siab lub ntsws txiav txim siab los tsiv mus nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txawv, pom lub peev xwm ntawm anticoagulants.
Thaum noj cov tshuaj me me los yog thaum noj ib zaug, lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev lom neeg lom, thiab lawv cov tshuaj muaj zog tuaj nrog txhua qhov tom qab siv tshuaj lom.
Thaum nws muaj qhov siab txaus, txhua tus xws li ua rau kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav qis thiab nce cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov ntshav, uas, tig mus ua rau pom ntawm ntau lub cev ntawm cov leeg hemorrhage thiab, vim li ntawd, kom tuag ntawm cov tsiaj. 
Nyob rau hauv thawj tiam xws li "Zookumarin", "Dikumarol", "Kumakhlor", "Difenacin", "Fentolatsin", "Ethylfenacin", "Warfarin". Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim: kom ua tiav qhov kev ntshaw, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov nas noj noj rau ob peb hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau tus neeg muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub sij hawm, uas txhais tau tias "tsis tau tiav lawm" ib zaug, tom ntej no cov koob tshuaj yuav tsis coj lawv.
Ob tiam neeg Cov tshuaj anticoagulants yog sawv cev los ntawm cov tshuaj Flocumafen, Brodifacum, Bromadiolone, uas muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom rau pests, uas yog, tsuas yog ib koob ntawm cov tshuaj ua kom tuag. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab siv tau hauv peb lub sijhawm, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus neeg tau txais kev siv rau hauv tus kheej cov kev xav tau.
Cov khoom noj uas pom zoo muaj xws li cov kabmob hauv daim qauv ntawm cov khoom noj uas tau npaj ua, cov cereal lossis briquetted cov ntaub ntawv (piv txwv li, Cua daj cua dub yog ib qho cuab yeej siv rau hauv daim ntawv xiav, quav briquettes, thiab Klerat yog granules, uas, rau kev nyab xeeb, ua kom yoojyim lawv tau nqos lawv, thiab cov nas tsuag tsis txawm muaj ntsis txaus). 
Tus nqi ntawm cov kab tsuag muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj anticoagulants nyob ntawm lawv thawj zaug hauv lub xeev thiab qhov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg noj, yog li ntawd, yuav txawv li ob peb hnub mus rau ob lub lis piam.
Koj puas paub? Thawj qhov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm no yog Warfarin, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws kom tua cov nas thiab yog ib yam tshuaj lom neeg lub cev. Txawm li cas los, dhau sij hawm, thiab ntau dua nyob rau xyoo 1955, cov tshuaj tau muab rau cov neeg uas raug lub plawv nres, uas tau ua los ntawm ntau tus neeg tsis muaj kev sib tua nrog nws txoj kev koom tes.Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, muaj ntau cov ntawv sau tseg uas yuav pab tshem tawm cov kab tsuag ntawm cov qoob loo ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho, tab sis thaum xaiv lawv, tsis txhob hnov qab kawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv, thiab thaum siv lawv - los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej kom tsis txhob hu rau.
