Feem ntau cov nceb nceb yuav zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj lom, thiab nws yuav tsis yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv txawm mus rau ib tug nceb mushroom. Piv txwv, morels muaj ntau qhov zoo sib xws nrog cov kab, thiab lawv pheej tsis totaub, sau hauv ib pob tawb. Peb yuav tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ntseeg thiab kab hauv tsab ntawv no.
Morel zoo tib yam: kev piav qhia
Morel (Latin Morchella esculenta) yog ib tug nceb los ntawm chav kawm ntawm marsupials thiab tsev neeg ntawm tib lub npe. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov nceb coob hauv tsev neeg. Qhov siab yuav ncav cuag 6-20 cm Nyob rau hauv qhov ceeb thawj - mus txog 500 g.
Nws muaj ib tug fleshy elongated, feem ntau yog lub qe zoo li, wrinkled (ntawm lub fossa-hlwb) cap, uas yog 3 mus rau 7 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, 3-8 nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Nws tuaj yeem pleev xim rau hauv cov xim txawv: daj, grey, xim av, thiab lwm yam. Cov tswvcuab laus laus muaj darker lub kaus mom. Ob txhais ceg muaj ib hom cylindrical. Nws yog nruj nreem txuas nrog lub hau. Qhov ntev yog 3-9 cm, thickness yog 1.5-3 cm. Cov xim ntawm cov ceg ntawm ib tug tub nceb yog dawb, cov laus dua yog daj, creamy. Visually nws zoo nkaus li tias lub kaus mom morel thiab ceg muaj tib lub sijhawm.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1974, tus qauv ntawm kev cai lij choj tau tshaj tawm tias lub teb chaws Mev (USA).
Hauv ib seem ntawm lub teeb mushroom. Nws cov nqaij yog kev sib tw, yooj yim, nws crumbles yooj yim thaum kov.
Koj tuaj yeem ntsib nws thoob plaws cheeb tsam ntawm thaj chaw sov ntawm Northern Hemisphere. Feem ntau nws loj tuaj ib leeg xwb, tsis tshua muaj neeg coob tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuaj koom nrog pawg. Xaiv cov pwm ci thiab cov av zoo. Nws tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv hav zoov thiab hauv hav nyom, cov av xuab zeb, hauv zaub teb.
Nws hlob ntawm nruab nrab lub Plaub Hlis mus txog rau thaum lub Peb Hlis.
Cov nceb thiab nyab xeeb tshaj plaws yog cov champignons. Qhia koj tus kheej nrog txoj hau kev champignon cultivation thiab technology ntawm tsev cog qoob.
Qhov ntau hom hom:
- edible (dog dig) - Morchella esculenta;
- conic - Morchella conica;
- siab - Morchella elata;
- steppe - Morchella steppicola.
Lub siab loj heev yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov kab.
Kawm txog cov txiaj ntsim ntawm cov txiaj ntsim ntawm zib ntab, nrog rau seb yuav cais qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom ua tau yooj yim thiab ua tsis taus.
Tau los tsis tau
Yog tias koj xav paub txog lo lus nug, morel mushroom - edible los tsis, ces nws yuav noj tauNws muaj qab ntxiag saj thiab yuav luag tsis hnov tsw. Cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxim nyiam siav nkag mus rau peb pawg. Lawv muaj hydrozin, ib yam tshuaj lom, me me.
Nws tuaj yeem noj tau tom qab ua haujlwm kom ntev li 10-15 feeb los yog qhuav. 
Nyeem kuj txog cov edible thiab poisonous tsiaj ntawm syrrozhkah tsev neeg ntawm nceb.
Yuav ua li cas tsis txhob confuse morels nrog cov kab
Ob cov nceb no zoo ib yam rau txhua tus, thiab lawv yooj yim rau kev cuam tshuam. Lub caij no, noj cov nqaij nyoos tuaj yeem ua kom tuag, raws li lawv tau tuag. poov tshuaj ncebuas muaj zog taug - gyromitrin. Nws ntau yuav nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kab thiab nws lub hnub nyoog.
Tsis muaj qhov kev xav tsis meej li seb cov kab muas tau los yog tsis siv thaum noj mov. Muaj tswv yim tias tsis muaj kev kho mob tuaj yeem pab tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom los ntawm lub cev. Nws kuj ntseeg tau hais tias nws noj tau tom qab ua noj ua haus.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kev noj khoom kib, tab sis tsis yog kab hau, los yog kua nqaij, uas lawv tau siav, tuaj yeem ua rau lom hnyav rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, daim siab, txoj hnyuv, thiab kev tuag. Cov kab ua si yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj. Cov khoom uas lawv muaj, tom qab kev kho cua sov yuav ua tau rau carcinogenic.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no fungus yog zoo li cov qauv ntawm lub hlwb los yog Walnut. Lub hau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis sib haum, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb ntawm 2-10 cm. Nws yog txhua yam nrog cov lus sib haum thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov ceg nrog tus ceg.
Saib zoo li cov pob txha thiab cov txhiab qhov muag, koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab. 
Peb qhia koj kom paub koj tus kheej nrog ntau yam ntawm edible nceb: volnushkami, npua thiab lawv cov tsiaj, chanterelles, mokhovikov, podgruzdkami.
Cia peb sim xav seb qhov txawv ntawm qhov ua tsis ncaj thiab kab:
- Yog hais tias koj ua tib zoo saib, koj pom tau tias thawj lub taub hau yog feem ntau yog sib thooj, thiab hauv ob nws zoo li ib tug tib neeg lub hlwb.
- Morels zoo li tawm tsam zoo hauv av. Lawv txhais ceg qhib tag. Cov ceg ntawm cov kab no mus rau hauv pem teb los yog koog hav zoov. Nws yuav luag tsis pom.
- Thaum saib ob lub nceb no, ib tug tau txais lub tswv yim hais tias thawj (morel) zoo li yuav ncab nce lawm (ob lub hau thiab ob txhais ceg yog elongated), thiab qhov thib ob - ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, rau hauv av: nws yog squat, ceg ceg dav thiab sab nraud.
- Morel nyob rau hauv nruab nrab yog hollow, qhov kab uas tau sau nrog winding pulp.
- Feem ntau cov kab yog loj dua li cov qauv.
- Morels muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw ntxhiab tsw tshaj li qhov lawv tsis tau pom dua.
Nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov nceb yuav pib kawm cov tshuaj mycelium thiab mycorrhiza.
Thaum twg los sau cov morels
Xws li qhov twg qhov kev ntseeg loj hlob tuaj thiab thaum twg lawv yuav tsum tau sau, kev sau cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem pib txij thaum lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Txawm hais tias lub sij hawm no lawv tseem tab tom qeeb, thiab lawv tsis muaj lub nceb paj. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Tej zaum, lawv ua tau muaj zog, kua qab thiab heev appetizing.
Qhov twg sau
Koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov nceb noj:
- hauv hav zoov (kab ntsig, sib xyaw), ntawm cov hav zoov thiab nrog cov kev, nyob hauv qhov chaw zoo, qhov chaw;
- hauv lub vaj;
- ntawm qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws kub;
- hauv cov chaw ua si hauv nroog;
- nyob rau hauv lub teb.
Kawm ntxiv txog cov hom, cov khoom siv txiaj ntsig thiab kev txiav ntawm cov nceb dawb.
Nws tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm fertile thiab npua, Sandy sandy av. 
Nrhiav lawv tsis yooj yim li ntawd, vim lub hau khwb feem ntau nrog cov xim qhuav, daj nyom.
Peb qhia koj txog cov hom ntoo (aspen, dub), cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nceb, thiab cov hom kev qoob loo rau lub caij ntuj no.
Kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb
Raws li morels, thiab kab yuav tsum siv nrog ceev faj thiab tsuas yog tom qab ua noj ua haus. Ntawm lub slightest suspicion tias qee lub hom mushroom tsis tau nyob hauv koj lub pob tawb ntawm ib tug mushroom picker, zoo dua los pov thiab yuav tsis raug mob. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog tias koj nyiam ntawm nceb noj, ces koj yuav tsum tau qhib cov roj nplaum, ntsev lossis mustard ntawm tes los pab thawj zaug ntawm qhov lom, nrog rau lub xov tooj hu ua emergency first aid.
Cov kab dej yuav tsum tau ua nrog qhov rais qhib, txij thaum ua noj cov tshuaj lom yuav ua kom qhuav. Rau tib qho yog vim li cas, tsis txhob nqus ib khub ntawm lub hau npau npau. Kev ua noj yuav tsum muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv ntim.
Feem ntau, ntawm thawj cov tsos mob ntawm lom, muaj ob peb yam yuav tsum tau: ntuav, plab, thiab mob plab.
Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm nyob ntawm seb cov nqaij fungus noj. Cov kab mob lom yuav pom tshwm hauv 6-10 teev tom qab lawv siv.
Ceev faj thiab tsis txhob nce cov nceb uas koj tsis paub! Kev siv cov taug nceb (Cov ntxhuav ntawm Xatas, daj ntseg toadstool) yog qhov txaus ntshai rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej!
Yog tias muaj mob me me thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob saum toj no, ib qho yuav tsum ntuav ntuav thiab, haus dej ntau ntau nrog cov qwj nplaum los ntsev los yog qhuav qhuav, ntxuav lub plab. Nws yog ib qho ua tau kom ntuav ntuav los ntawm haus dej ntau ntau thiab nias ob tug ntiv tes rau hauv paus ntawm tus nplaig. 
Tom qab ntxuav tes yuav tsum noj tshuaj activated carbon (ib lossis ob daim ib kilogram ntawm tib neeg qhov hnyav).
Yog tias mob hnyav heev uas tsis nco, yuav tsum tau hu xov tooj tam sim thaum muaj xwm ceev.
Cov nceb yuav tsum tsis txhob pub rau cov menyuam yaus, cov poj niam uas xeeb menyuam noj, cov poj niam uas muaj tus neeg tsis txaus siab, cov uas muaj teeb meem nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv.
Koj puas paub? Morels nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws muaj ntau ntau txaus siab vim tias lawv cov saj. Muaj cov cai uas nws tau tshaj tawm tias vaj ntxwv ntawm nceb. Hauv Tebchaws Amelikas, tseem muaj ib lub koomhaum ntawm kev ntseeg, thiab muaj lawv kim heev.
Yuav ua li cas noj cov morels
Thiab thaum kawg, ob peb lo lus hais txog yuav ua li cas npaj cov morels thiab cov pos hniav nceb.
Thawj rush mus rau hauv boiling salted dej thiab boil rau yam tsawg 15-20 feeb. Tom qab no, lub broth yog poured tawm, thiab nceb raug ntxuav hauv dej ntws. Tom qab ntawd lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau siav ntawm cov roj ntsha - khoom noj, khoom qab zib, dib hnoos, nkoog, thiab lwm yam. Koj tuaj yeem qhuav tsis xyaw. 
Muaj ntau yam zaub mov txawv xws li cov kabmob morels. Qhov no xam nrog rau ntxiv rau noodles, buckwheat porridge, risotto, zaub nyoos, thiab ci rau hauv qhov cub hauv pots, thiab siv nws ua ib qho rau cov hnyuv ntxwm, khoom qab zib, pies. Qhov tsuas yog qhov chaw uas lawv tsis qhia siv cov nceb no yog thawj hoob kawm. Muaj lawv poob lawv saj thiab tsw.
Peb qhia koj kom nyeem txog boletus, lawv cov khoom siv thiab cov hau kev ntawm kev npaj.
Stitches yuav tsum tau rhaub ib txwm. Ua ntej yuav ua noj ua haus, lawv yuav tsum tau crushed nrog ib rab riam. Ib kilogram ntawm nceb yuav tsum tau 6 liv dej, ib 100 g - tsawg 2 liv. Hauv dej npau dej koj yuav tsum tau nchuav ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ci. Tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv lub nceb. Tom qab 15-20 feeb, ntws dej, yaug lub nceb zoo. Nws yog ib lub tswv yim kom ncav lawv dua.
Yuav ua kom cov kab zoo dua, lawv yuav tsum tau qhuav rau ib lub hlis. Nrog evaporation ntawm noo noo thiab feem ntau ntawm cov co toxins. Hmoov tsis, nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kabmob morale ntawm cov kab uas tsis muaj kab, txawm tias paub txog lawv cov cim. Yog tias koj tsis ntseeg ib qho me ntsis, qhov zoo nkauj nceb yog ua rau koj lub cev, zoo dua tshem nws kom tsis txhob raug txim loj. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, raw nceb rau cov zaub mov yog txwv tsis pub.
