Disinfected substrate - ib tug cog ntawm muaj zog thiab noj qab haus huv tua ntawm seedlings. Yog li ntawd, pib qhov pib ntawm kev npaj rau sowing noob. Kev ua tiav tau ua los ntawm pej xeem txoj kev los yog siv tshuaj lom neeg los yog tshuaj lom. Yog xav paub tias cov cuab yeej twg yog tsim rau koj qhov chaw, xav txog qhov feem ntau, cov kev siv nyiaj tsawg thiab zoo.
Vim li cas koj xav tau nws?
Tillage ua ntej cog seedlings yog qhov tseem ceeb rau noob germination thiab tsim ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm. Lub viability ntawm sprouts yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam los ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm nutrient cations kom nkag mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag fibers. 
Yog hais tias pathogenic microorganisms predominate nyob rau hauv cov av, cov nplej ntes tau nyob hauv nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tsim tag nrho, txij li ntau nematodes, mycelium, pwm thiab rot yuav tiv thaiv qhov no los ntawm tshwm sim. Xav kom ntau fruiting los yog flowering los ntawm xws li ib puag ncig yog tsis nqi nws.
Koj puas paub? Tus nab npawb ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub voj voog ntawm thaj av yog 2 npaug ntawm cov pej xeem hauv ntiaj chaw ntiaj teb.Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov qoob loo, ntau tus paj kws thiab cov neeg cog zaub siv cov khoom siv sib xyaw av. Tab sis qhov no yuav tsum tau cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom lag luam thiab tsis lav qhov tsis tuaj ntawm pathogenic microbes.
Txoj kev ntseeg tshaj plaws, ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb ntseeg tias txhua xyoo kev hloov ntawm thaj av thiab tshuaj tua kab mob hauv tsev.
Txhaum kev xaiv kab mob
Nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm gardeners muaj ntau txoj kev. Qee tus tswv tsev nyiam scalding, roasting los yog khov lub substrate, thaum lwm tus neeg, tsis xav pov tseg ntau lub sij hawm, dej nws nrog tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cia peb tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb ntxiv kom yooj yim dua yog siv tshuaj tua kab hauv av ua ntej cog cov noob ntoo los ntawm kev kho kom zoo thiab yuav khoom.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog rau cov cai rau loj hlob seedlings ntawm txiv lws suav, peppers, eggplant, cabbage, leek, zucchini, strawberries.
Cia kom khov
Qhov no yog suav tias yog qhov yooj yim tshaj thiab universal. Earthen pob rau seedlings harvested nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Nws yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab ntaub thiab nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no mus rau Frost.
Nws yog ntshaw tias cov av nyob rau hauv cov kev mob ntawm tsawg kub rau ib lub lim tiam, vim tias ib co tsiaj kab mob tsis tuag hauv lub caij luv luv. 
Tom qab khov, lub substrate yog muab tso rau hauv cua sov rau 7 hnub, tos rau awakening ntawm larvae ntawm pests thiab maj tau nplej.
Tom qab ntawd lub hnab ntim rov qab tuaj rau qhov txias. Yog hais tias lub caij ntuj no sov thiab sab nraud yog tsawg tshaj li-15 ° C, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau siv lub freezer thiab nce lub sij hawm ntawm Frost.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov cia kom khov rau hauv biohumus substrates, vim cov kev kab mob zoo thiab cov khoom noj yuav tuag thaum lub sijhawm tua kab mob.
Ntau rau kev ruaj ntseg nqa ua threefold khov. Tab sis nyob rau hauv no txoj kev nws yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim kom tshem ntawm lig blight pathogens.
Calcination
Cov qauv muaj nyob hauv cua sov lub substrate mus rau ib tug high kub, uas yuav cia nws mus rau clear nws tus kheej ntawm pathogens. Pib, lub ntiaj teb sib tov yog poured rau hauv phiab thiab poured ib tug me me ntawm boiling dej.
Tom qab qhov ua tiav lawm, cov av tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov cub. 
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsis tau ua rau nws kub heev, vim tias kub kub pab txhawb nitrogen mineralization, vim tias cov av loses cov as-ham, thiab qee yam ntawm lawv ua tsis tau cov ceg ntoo. Ua ntej 30 nas this, lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau ci rau hauv qhov cub, teem sijhawm rau 90 ° C.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txawm hais tias ntawm txoj kev ntawm disinfection ntawm cov av, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm tus txheej txheem nws yog tsim nyog yuav tsum tau pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv huv si, chlorine-rubbed ntim.
Chav ua haujlwm
Xws li ib lub tshuab rau disinfecting av rau seedlings siv ntau lub sij hawm, tab sis yog ntau gentle, muab piv nrog radical calcination.
Cov av yog poured rau hauv ib lub me me hlau sieve, uas yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab ntaub. Koj tuaj yeem ua tus txheem: ncuav cov av mus rau hauv lub hnab thiab muab tso rau ntawm daim phiaj. Lawv muab ib lub thoob dej rau hauv hluav taws, coj nws mus rau ib lub rhaub thiab teem caij rau kab sib chaws nrog lub hauv av. Xyuas kom meej tias cov dej tsis qhuav txhua nrho. Chav no yuav tsum tau ua kom ntev li 1.5 teev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm lub koom haum thiab kev coj ua ntawm dej da dej, tsis txhob hla dhau cov av sib tov rau nws. Txwv tsis pub, tsis yog cia li ib lub pob ntom nti, tab sis tag nrho cov devoid ntawm tag nrho cov noj qab haus huv thiab tseem ceeb.
Qhov no yog li cas cov neeg so haujlwm feem ntau tsis txaus siab txog, leej twg tau tuaj yeem ua li no rau txoj kev tu dej. Muaj ntau, ntshai ib tug tag nrho sterile thiab unsuitable rau seedlings tov, cia li ua ntej sowing lub noob txhaj rau hauv nws bacterial hnav khaub ncaws.
Cov kab mob lom neeg
Yog tias rau qhov tshuaj tua kab mob koj txiav txim siab mus rau kev siv cov khoom siv yuav, ua ntej txiav txim siab li cas thiab ntawm qhov koj npaj yuav cog cov av: cov tshuaj hu ua fungicides, insecticides lossis potassium permanganate.
Koj puas paub? Ua rau 2 cm ntawm fertile av, koj xav tau ib tug caug xyoo.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj peev xwm ua rau yus lub cev tsis zoo - "Fitosporina", "Alirina B", "Trichodermina", "Extrasola", "Planriz", "Gliokladina" thiab "Baikal EM-1". 
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev microflora thiab txo qaug zog los ntawm tsev cog khoom thiab lub tsev cog qoob loo, qhov twg tib cov nroj tsuag muaj cultivated txhua xyoo.
Tom qab kho nrog biologics, cov pathogens ploj hauv cov av, cov tshuaj muaj hlau thiab txhuas tsawg dua, qhov nyiaj fluorine, nitrogen, potassium thiab magnesium nce.
Agrochemists cais los ntawm ntau daim ntawv teev npe ntawm cov tshuaj zoo "Trichodermin". Nws muaj fungal mycelium Trichoderma lignorum, uas tsis cia kev loj hlob ntawm mob cancer fungi thiab lwm yam pathogens.
Cov ua hauj lwm daws yog npaj rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 g ntawm khoom rau ib 1 l dej. Txau yog nqa tawm, saib cov kev ntsuas ntawm lawv tus kheej kev ruaj ntseg, tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm los ntawm lub raj mis tsuag. 
Ib txhia gardeners ua tsis tau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam agrochemical nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub "yawg" txoj kev. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv sprinkling siav av sib tov nrog tincture ntawm qej, mustard los yog calendula.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob disinfect nrog poov tshuaj permanganate sod-podzolic acidic av, vim hais tias cov tshuaj yuav pab txhawb ntxiv oxidation.
Tshuaj
Nws raug pom zoo rau kev siv rau kev siv cov tshuaj chemicals nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv ntau zaus thaum twg txoj kev siv roj ntsha thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog.
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv pawg neeg no yog cov kab mob potassium permanganate, uas yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov tshuaj tua kab sod-carbonate thiab chernozem av. 
Cov ua hauj lwm daws yog npaj los ntawm kev xam ntawm 3 g ntawm cov khoom ib thoob dej. Lawv yuav tsum tau ntub dej rau hauv av. Raws li cov kws txawj, qhov no yog tsim rau greenhouses thiab greenhouses tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj lom neeg: Aktara, Thunder, Inta-Vir, thiab Iskra.
Nws yog ntseeg hais tias thaum ua cov av nrog poov tshuaj permanganate, pathogens tuag tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txheej txheej, yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau sprinkle tooj liab sulphate (50 g / 10 l) 15 hnub ua ntej cog seedlings.
Yog tias koj npaj yuav cog cov qoob loo uas ua rau lub cev fusarium, grey rot thiab sclerotinia, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau tua lub ntiaj teb nrog "Iprodion". Cov tshuaj tsuas yog tov nrog lub substrate los yog tawg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev xog paj.
Koj puas paub? 27% ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyiaj ntawm dub av yog nyob rau hauv Ukraine.
Tshuaj tua cov hmoov ua rau radically, tua cov kab mob feem ntau. Qhov tsis muaj cov khoom no yog tias muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog. Rau disinfection ntawm tsev xog paj, agronomists qhia los qhia thawj formality 2 lub lis piam ua ntej cog lub seedlings.
Los npaj qhov kev daws teeb meem, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los dissolve 40 g ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib khob dej, thiab tom qab ntawd ces ncuav qhov sib tov rau hauv ib lub thoob dej. Cov khoom siv yog qhia siv rau cov qoob loo uas muaj peev xwm ua rau blackleg. 
Tom qab ua, nco ntsoov npog hauv av nrog ntawv ci, thiab tom qab 3 hnub tshem tawm nws thiab meej dig qhov tsev xog paj. Qhov no yog ua kom paub tseeb tias cov qauv evaporation tawm los thiab tsis tua cov nroj tsuag.
Rau qhov disinfection ntawm greenhouses kuj haum tshuaj fungicide "TMTD", uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhuav thiab nyob rau hauv kev ncua.
Saib xyuas cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj uas yuav pab tau koj rau txoj kev tu vaj: "PhytoDoctor", "Ecosil", "Nemabakt", "Shining-1", "Nurell D", "Oksihom", "Actofit", "Ordan" "Fufanon".
Yuav ua li cas hloov lub acidity ntawm cov av
Tsim kom muaj kev mob zoo rau seedlings los ntawm kho lub acidity ntawm cov av. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias leej twg acidic ib puag ncig txhawb nqa cov luam ntawm pathogens. Xav txog dab tsi yog qhov uas yuav txo thiab ua rau kom pH ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Boost
High pH qhov tseem ceeb (los ntawm 7 txog 8.5 units) qhia ib qho alkaline substrate. 
Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias lub hom phiaj - cog zaub nroj tsuag, uas yog feem ntau nyiam mus me ntsis acidic xau, koj yuav tsum tau siv kev ntsuas uas nce acidity.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm weathering rau 24 teev los ntawm lub field muaj peev xwm nqa 5 cm ntawm fertile txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Nrawm yog tus qauv ntawm kev siv citric acid. Nws yog txaus kom yaj 2 dia ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem siv oxalic acid lossis kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo cider vinegar.
Cov av yog muab siab hliv tshaj qhov npaj tov. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm disinfection ntawm tsev xog paj ib square meter ntawm ib ncig, 10 liv dej yuav tsum tau. 
Ib txhia growers yog qhia kom nce acidity ntawm lub ntiaj teb nrog sulfur thiab peat. Lwm tus neeg rau lub hom phiaj no ncuav lub roj teeb electrolyte.
Downgrade
Rau cov kab, asparagus, cucumbers thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag uas zoo zoo nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam alkaline, acidified av sib tov yuav tsum tau sprinkled nrog zoo-paub fuzz los yog dolomite hmoov, qub plaster. Txawm tias cement hmoov av yog tsim rau qhov no. 
Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom xaiv los ntawm tag nrho cov kev hloov variations qhov feem ntau txhim khu kev qha thiab harmless rau cov khoom cheeb ntawm cov substrate.
Kws txawj qhia ua ntej tshaj plaws rau tag nrho cov kev mus ncig xyuas rau txoj kev siv cov agrotechnical, tab sis, yog hais tias lawv tsis muaj zog, coj tau kev lom neeg thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv huab neeg tshuaj lom neeg.
Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tsis tsuas yog mus tshem tawm cov teeb meem microbes thiab kab, tab sis kuj tsis mus ua puas lub nutrient microflora, mus rau nws.
