Tej zaum tsis muaj ib lub vaj tu tsev uas tsis paub txog ntau yam txiv qab zib xws li "Pepin Saffron." Muaj ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyiam tsuas yog qhov no ntau tshaj li qhov zoo nkauj, ntxhiab, cua, noj qab haus huv thiab ntau yam, vim tias nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv tuav tus neeg ncaj ncees saj. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab cog zaub hauv koj lub vaj teb ob peb lub txiv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo "Pepin Saffron", peb cov ntawv yuav pab tau rau koj. Nyob rau hauv nws peb yuav ze ze tau ntsib cov no ntau yam, paub tias dab tsi ua rau nws tawm los ntawm tus so ntawm no txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ntsuas tag nrho cov pros thiab cons ntawm loj hlob no apples nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws lub tsev, thiab kuj qhia lub secrets ntawm cog thiab saib xyuas rau lawv cov seedlings.
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Recalling keeb kwm ntawm cov creation ntawm no ntau yam, nws yog nqi them tribute rau tus kws tshawb fawb breeder I. V. Michurin. Nws yog nws leej twg nyob rau xyoo 1907 tau coj zoo tshaj plaws, uas tom qab ntawd hu ua "Pepin Saffron" thiab lees paub tias nws yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb zoo. Qhov no yog hom ntawm apples tshwm sim los ntawm hla hybrids "Pepinki Lithuanian" thiab "Suav Golden" nrog ntau yam Renet Orleans. 
Hnub no, cov ceg ntoo no loj hlob nyob rau txhua cheeb tsam ntawm peb lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov teb chaws CIS.
Koj puas paub? I. V. Michurin tau hais tias qhov no yuav zoo heev rau kev sib tw. Thiab twv. Nrog kev koom tes ntawm no ntau yam, ntau tshaj 20 txhim kho ntau hom txiv apples raug bred, nrog rau Altai Dove, Friendship of Peoples thiab Autumn Joy.
Txheeb raws roj ntsha yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Thiab tam sim no cia peb paub ntau ntxiv hais tias Pepin Saffron kua ntoo zoo li cas, hauv qab no koj yuav pom kev piav qhia, nrog rau cov duab ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lawv tus kheej.
Tsob ntoo piav qhia
Cov ntoo loj tuaj medium qhov loj qhov me. Lawv muaj lush, txiav txim siab, ntom round-ves yas. Twigs thiab tua yog ntev thiab nyias, grayish nyob rau hauv cov xim, feem ntau hnyav hnyav. Cov nplooj yog me me, oval, nrog ib tug taw taub. Lawv yog cov ntsuab, tab sis vim yog muaj zog pubescence lawv txawv los ntawm ib qho kev ntxhib los mos silvery.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Txheej
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov tseem ceeb kom zoo dua cov ceg ntoo. Cov dej qab zib, qab zib, muaj kua, feem ntau lawv muaj kabmob thaij thiab nruab nrab. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog los ntawm 80 mus rau 140 g. Daim tawv nqaij yog tus, ci, daj hauv xim, nrog ib lub paj liab plab nplua nuj nplhaib uas koj tuaj yeem pom ntau ntau me me dawb. 
Cov nqaij ntawm apples muaj ib tug ntom, crispy, muag heev qauv thiab ib creamy matte xim. Nws muaj nplua nuj-qaub saj thiab muag heev aroma. Lub qia yog nyias thiab yoog raws.
Pollination
Kua ntau yam "Pepin Saffron" yog hais txog tus kheej pollinated ntau yam. Txawm li cas los, kom nce lub yield, koj siv tau tus ntoo khaub lig txoj kev nrog ntau yam xws li "Slavyanka", "Antonovka", "Welsey" thiab "Calvil Snow".
Gestation lub sijhawm
Pepin Saffron yog lub caij ntuj no (thiab txawm lig dhau lub caij ntuj no) ntau yam. Zwm feem ntau pib hauv lub Cuaj Hlis thiab Lub Kaum Hli. Siab ripened apples yuav suav hais tias yog ib lub hlis thiab ib nrab tom qab harvesting. Hais tias yog, lub ncov ntawm lawv kom loj hlob tuaj nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thawj lub sij hawm Pepin Saffron kua ntoo pib fructify yog lig dhau lawm - 5-7 xyoos tom qab cog.
Tawm
Qhov qib no heev fruitful. Lub sijhawm sau qoob yuav siv sijhawm 2 hlis - Cuaj Hlis thiab Lub Kaum Hli - thiab qhia txog cov nram qab no: los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas (txog 10 xyoo) ntoo, mus txog 75 kg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau tua tau ib lub caij, thiab mus txog 200 kg ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau muab tua tau los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas twb muaj 12 xyoo lawm. tshiab, noj qab nyob zoo. Ib rooj plaub raug kaw thaum, hauv lub nroog ntawm Orel, nrog rau 50-xyoo-laus tsob ntoo, "Pepin Saffron", hauv ib lub xyoo tau txais plaub puas kilograms ntawm cov txiv apples. 
Frost tsis kam
Ua tsaug rau kev koom tes ntawm "Suav Kub" nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm no ntau yam, nws muaj zoo Frost tsis kam. Frozen Pepin Saffron tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv cov kab mob hauv Frost nyob hauv nruab nrab txoj kab.
Tab sis lub cim tshiab peev xwm ntawm cov ntoo no muab rau lawv nrog tag nrho cov kev kho thiab siab tawm los twb nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv tom qab xaus ntawm huab cua txias.
Kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau koj lub vaj: "Champion", "Cinnamon striped", "Berkutovskoe", "Txiaj", "Tshav", "Zhigulevskoe", "Medunitsa", "Silver Hoof", "Orlik", "Streyfling" , "Npau suav", "Gloucester".
Cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los
Apples "Pepina Saffron" yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv lub neej txawb ntev tshaj li lawv cov txheeb ze. Rau ntau yam, nws yog txog li 223 hnub.
Lawv zoo khaws lawv qhov kev nthuav qhia thiab saj cov ntsiab lus kom txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis (thiab lub Plaub Hlis). Thiab ua tsaug rau nws cov ntxhuav pulp thiab muaj zog ntawm daim tawv nqaij, zoo rau kev thauj mus ntev ntev.
Nws yog zoo dua los khaws lub sau nyob rau hauv ntoo los yog yas thawv, sib cais los ntawm ib leeg los ntawm daim ntawv los yog tracing ntawv, ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 0 mus rau 2 ° C. 
Kab Mob thiab Kab Tsuag Kab Tsuag
Qhov no ntau yam ntawm apples yog heev resistant mus rau cov kab mob, tab sis nws cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog yog scab thiab fungal kab mob. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj nag, cov tswv ntawm cov ntoo yuav tsum saib xyuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv lawv cov tsiaj cov tsiaj ntawm no scourge thiaj li khaws cia tus sau.
Ua li no, feem ntau siv tshuaj, uas muaj tooj liab sulphate thiab leej faj. Pepin Saffron kuj muaj ntsis tsis kam ua rau npauj.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov kab no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los siv tshuaj tua kab, zoo li ntau cov decoctions thiab tinctures, piv txwv li, raws li horsetail lossis liab kua txob.
Koj puas paub? Cov txiv apples yuav yog ib qho zoo nkauj thiab kho kom zoo nkauj rau cov Xyoo Tshiab. Nrog rau lawv cov tsos thiab cov duab lawv zoo li vog, daj-liab npas thiab zoo kawg nkaus cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm lub xyoo tshiab kev zoo nkauj.
Daim ntawv thov
Kua ntoo "Pepin Saffron" tawm ntau cov tswv yim zoo txog nws cov qoob, raws li nws muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tseem ceeb. Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb hais tias apples ntawm no ntau yam yog delicious nyob rau hauv lawv daim ntawv thawj, lawv yog cov zoo meej rau kev jams, compotes, jams, juices thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo purees, jam, marmalade, txhua hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo candied.
Lawv ua cov khoom qab zib kom qhuav. Cov txiv apples kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv daim ntawv ntub.
Yog tias koj muaj lub freezer rau hauv koj lub tsev, koj tuaj yeem txuag tau lub kua qoob loo los ntawm khov.
Tag nrho cov pros thiab cons
Ua ntej dhau los ua tus tswv ntawm ib lub kua ntawm no ntau yam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau weighing tag nrho cov zoo thiab tsis zoo.
Tshaj tawm
- Li niaj zaus fruiting.
- Siab tawm los.
- Muaj peev xwm rau tus kheej-fertility.
- Nws muaj peev xwm ua kom rov qab muaj zog.
- Kev pom zoo kom coj mus ntev ntev.
- Zoo kawg saj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- Zoo nkauj tsos thiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm apples.
Ntseeg
- Yuav tsum muaj tus cwj pwm zoo thiab ceev faj.
- Lub ceev ntawm lub crown, uas yuav tsum tau tas li thinning thiab pruning kom tsis txhob poob ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis loj, me me los sis me me.
- Kev muaj peev xwm mus scab.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv seedlings thaum yuav
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab pib ob peb cov ntoo ntawm "Pepin Saffron" hauv koj lub vaj thiab tam sim no mus rau lub khw muag khoom noj, peb yuav qhia koj seb yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau zoo thiab muaj kev vam meej.
Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, peb xav kom koj yuav seedlings nyob rau hauv khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb, qhov twg, yog tias tsim nyog, koj yuav tau muab nrog ib daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom zoo. Yam koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau:
- Sapling muaj hnub nyoog. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws seedling yog ib lub xyoo los yog ob. Muaj feem ntau tsis muaj ramifications rau nws, los yog yog hais tias muaj, ces 2-3 ceg loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia ntawm ib kaum ntawm 45-90 °.
- Seedling qhov siab yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj 1.5 m.
- Freshness thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov muaj ntawm mechanical kev puas tsuaj yog tshem tawm. Cov ntoo nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij yuav tsum muaj xim ntsuab xim, lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau lo rau ntawm lub cev thiab lub zog, thiab lub yub nws tus kheej - muaj zog thiab ntxim nyiam nyob rau hauv tsos.
- Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog lwm qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua thaum yuav tsum muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo. Qhov chaw yuav tsum sawv tawm zoo ntawm lub pob tw thiab yuav nyob rau hauv ib qhov siab txog li 10 cm los ntawm hauv paus.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Saplings nrog zoo-blossomed, densely loj hlob nplooj yog tsis pom zoo kom yuav.
Cog Kua seedlings
Tam sim no, xaiv thiab kev yuav khoom haum seedlings, koj muaj peev xwm pib lawv cog. 
Lub sijhawm zoo
Kev cog qoob kua txiv yuav tsum xyaum ob qho tib si hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, rooting kis zoo, thiab yav tom ntej tsob ntoo yuav zoo dua "ciaj sia" lub caij ntuj no. Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los qhia tshwj xeeb yog npaj ib tug seedling rau wintering. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog cog rau hauv cov av uas npaj, uas peb yuav sib tham txog ntau yam hauv qab no.
Qhov chaw xaiv
Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw, ntau qhov yuav tsum tau muab xam rau hauv tus account: nws yog qhov zoo dua yog qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov, txij thaum Pepin Saffron kua ntoo tsis nyiam hloov chaw, thiab nws kuj yog qhov chaw zoo, tsis muaj av qeeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis txaus teeb pom kev zoo muaj ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm tau txais me me, tsis yog heev txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Rau tsob ntoo no, leached chernozem, floodplain thiab sandy loamy xau, raws li tau zoo raws li loams, tsim nyog.
Qhov chaw npaj
Yog hais tias cog ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, cov av nyob rau hauv nws yuav tsum tau npaj nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Rau cov chiv npaj cheeb tsam ntawm 1 square. m peb xav tau cov hauv qab no:
- 6 kg ntawm compost (los yog quav);
- 60 g ntawm superphosphate;
- 30 g ntawm poov tshuaj ntsev.
Yog hais tias cog yuav npaj rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav - dua, nws yog tsim nyog npaj lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Ua li no, khawb qhov no hu ua "landing a pit". Qhov no aub tsiv yog ib qho pit nrog ib tug loj ntawm 1.5 m thiab ib tug tob ntawm 1 m.Lub ntiaj teb txuas nrog cov khoom nram qab nothiab:
- 200 g azofoski;
- 400 g ntawm tshauv;
- compost los yog mullein.
Cov dej sib tov sib xyaw nrog cov "pit", them thiab sab laug mus txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Seedlings npaj
Ua ntej cog, lub keeb kwm ntawm seedlings yuav soaked nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb insecticide daws, piv txwv li, Aktar. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog thiaj li tiv thaiv lawv ntawm kab tsuag. Koj tseem tuaj yeem so tsau cov hauv paus hauv dej dawb kom rov kho lawv thiab npaj lawv rau rooting tsob ntoo.
Kev Txheej Txheem thiab kev npaj tswv yim
Thaum cog nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob tob tob lub seedling ntau nyob rau hauv hauv av. Nws lub caj dab yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ntawm qhov siab ntawm 6-7 cm.
Txoj kev nws tus kheej yog raws li nram no:
- Npaj lub qhov tsoo nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 1 m thiab ib qhov tob ntawm 0.7 m (nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov ntsa koj yuav tsum ua kom swb)
- Sapling nrog macerated, straightened, tag nrho thiab noj qab nyob zoo keeb kwm immersed nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov thiab bury. Cov av yog zoo rammed nrog ko taw.
- Ua ke ntawm cov ntug ntawm lub qhov tsav ob tug ntoo pegs. Lawv khi li ib sapling rau stamina.
- Koj tuaj yeem ua kom lub me me earthen rim ncig lub qhov taub.
- Sau lub yub nrog ib lub thoob dej.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum cog Kua seedlings, hauv av theem nyob rau hauv cov av yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj li 2-3 m, thiab nws acidity yuav tsum nyob rau hauv pH 6.0.
Vim tias qhov no yog kev ywj pheej-hlub cov ntoo, ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau yam yuav tsum muaj thaj tsam ntawm 14 square meters. Tsis txhob cog cov ntoo kom ze rau ib leeg, qhov no yuav tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau cov tshav ntuj rau lawv cov ceg ntoo thiab tiv thaiv lub hauv paus tsim los ntawm kev ywj pheej.
Lub caij ntu saib xyuas
Ua tib zoo mloog cov tswv yim pab rau kev tu thiab saib xyuas txhua yam kev mob rau txoj kev loj hlob zoo kom muaj kev cog lus tias koj tsob ntoo yuav noj qab nyob zoo thiab qhov sau yuav yog nplua nuj thiab zoo.
Ua noj, hwv thiab xoob
Dej cov hluas hluas nkauj xav tau thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj rau 5 l ntawm dej ntawm ib lub sijhawm. Tus tsob ntoo uas muaj zog yuav tsum tau ywg dej raws li qhov tsim nyog thiab raws li cov av. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom nco ntsoov tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawm tsim txiv hmab txiv ntoo (thiab qhov no yog Lub Hlis-Lub Yim Hli), ntau cov dej yuav tsum tshaj li lwm lub sijhawm. Nrog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, watering yog nres.
Tom qab tag nrho cov foliage tau poob, ua ntej wintering hauv paus yog plentifully poured rau zoo dua txuag nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no lub sij hawm. Nws tseem ua tau rau maj thiab loosen lub ntiaj teb ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw, yog tias tsim nyog, nco ntsoov tias cov av tsis dhau los nyuaj thiab qhuav.
Fertilization
Ntau yam "Pepin Saffron" nyiam cov av zoo thiab yuav zoo siab rau kev noj cov zaub mov. Fertilizer yog nqi 2-3 xyoos tom qab cog lub seedling. Cov no yuav tsum yog potash thiab phosphate chiv.
Muaj qee lub sij hawm thaum ib tsob ntoo muaj kua qoob loo tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, tom qab flowering cov av yog mus noj noog droppings diluted nrog dej (1 mus rau 15), ntawm tus nqi ntawm 8 liv ib tsob ntoo. Tom qab lub zes qe menyuam tau tawg, cov av yuav tsum tau chiv nrog dej (1 mus rau 3), 10 liters rau ib tsob ntoo. Thiab txij li thaum pib ntawm Autumn composting fertilizer yuav pab tau, 7 kg ib av ib ncig ntawm ib qia. 
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv
Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob thiab tawm tsam ntawm pests, nws yog worthwhile mus nqa tawm kev kho mob nrog tshwj xeeb npaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.
Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau Kua cov kab thiab cov hau kev tiv thaiv kab mob nrog lawv:
- Kua paj hlwb. Mus nqa tawm kev ua yog lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm buds. Cov kab no yog ntshai cov tshuaj xws li Karbofos thiab Waterfox.
- Yablonnaya comma zoo li cov ntaub thaiv npog. Kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua ntej pib pib so. Cov tshuaj - "Nitrafen".
- Codling npauj. Nws yog tsim nyog pib mus raug txim tiv thaiv no tus kabmob nto moo 20 hnub tom qab lub tsob ntoo kua muaj nrawm. Ntawm no xws li kev npaj yuav pab: "Tsidial", "Zolon", "Methadion". Kev ua yuav tsum tau ntsuas tawm txhua txhua 12 hnub, 3 zaug ib lub caij.
Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm scab kev kho mob yuav tsum tau nqa tawm peb zaug: ua ntej Bud so, thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm buds thiab 20 hnub tom qab flowering. Xws li "tshuaj" yuav tsum muaj: thawj thawj zaug "Nitrafen" thiab hlau sulphate; nyob rau hauv ob - Bordeaux kua 1%; nyob rau hauv lub xeem - "Captain", "Phtalan" thiab "Kuprozan".
Kua ntoo muaj peev xwm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm powdery mildew, thiab los ntawm pests - aphid. Nrhiav kom paub seb koj yuav ua li cas rau qhov no.
Pruning
Pruning ceg - kuj yog ib hom ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab xa me nyuam cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo. Nws yuav tsum tau ua txhua hnub, tsis pub kom cov khoom loj tuaj dhau lawm. Autumn los yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav yuav haum rau txoj kev no. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, 1-2 buds raug txiav los ntawm central ceg, thiab 2-3 los ntawm tus so. 
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, thinning pruning pruning yog nqa tawm, ib tug crown raug tsim, thiab qhuav los yog diseased ceg raug muab tshem tawm, thiab cov neeg uas loj tuaj ntxaum mus rau hauv lub crown.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tag nrho cov kev txiav yuav tsum tau kho nrog vaj twawb kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo siab ntawm kev txiav tsis tu ncua. Koj tuaj yeem yuav nws hauv khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb.
Npaj rau lub caij ntuj no
Ua ntej lub caij ntuj no, saplings thiab ntoo xav tau kev tshwj xeeb. npajlos xyuas kom meej lawv lub caij ntuj no. Sprigs ntawm seedlings yog khi ua ke, thiab tsob ntoo nws tus kheej yog qhwv nrog daim ntawv los yog tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv. Nrog loj heev frosts, tus neeg laus cov hluas tso tawm kuj tuaj yeem sov. Lub qhov nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo sprinkled nrog manure, huv av los yog tshauv 10 cm.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov me nyuam yaus hauv lub vaj, koj tuaj yeem tsim cuab los yog txaj. Los ntawm lub hares yuav pab tying lub pob tw nrog fir ceg los yog vaj netting.
Yog hais tias tsob ntoo muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 5 xyoos, rau lub caij ntuj no nws yuav whitened nrog ib tug daws ntawm txiv qaub thiab emulsion xim. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv lub cev thiab pob txha taub hau los ntawm Frost. Tam sim no, kev paub txog cov kua ntoo ntawm Pepin Saffron ntau yam, qhov nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo yog, los ntawm kev to taub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cog thiab tu cov ntoo, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rau koj tus kheej seb puas muaj ntau hom txiv ntoo hauv koj lub vaj thiab lub rooj.
