Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas dej thiab pub tus txiv hmab hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Muaj ntau tus tswv uas tau koom nrog nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm grapes decades, yog accustomed mus rau ib yam kev kho mob rau vine. Txawm li cas los, qhov kev nyab xeeb yog hloov, thiab cov huab cua puag thaum nrog cov tsis muaj tus nqi ntawm cov as-ham uas txo cov qoob loo thiab "award" cov txiv hmab nrog ntau yam kab mob. Peb yuav to taub dab tsi zoo ntawm cov dej txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab seb nws yog tsim nyog ua ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm fertilizing nrog cov organic chiv.
Pib ntawm watering txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Cia peb pib nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv qee lub sij hawm thiab, raws li ib txoj cai, nyob rau hauv ntau txoj hau kev.
Thaum twg pib
Nrog dej ntawm vineyards nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, txhua yam yog tsis yog li tseeb. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias yog hauv av yog tsis txaus ntub tom qab wintering (winters nrog me ntsis snow), ces watering dej yuav tsum tau nqa tawm. Qhov no tsis yog nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm lub hauv av, tab sis "muab" ua rau lub qhov tob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Dej rau them nqi dej yog ua tiav ob qho tib si rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg, yog tias cov av tsis khov ntawm ya raws.
Dej yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv trenches thiab kua qhov nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 200-300 liv ib Bush. Xws li kev nplua mias ntawm dej yuav ntim cov av qhuav thiab cia lub voj voog kom sai sai tom qab lub caij ntuj no.
Saib "xws li" Gala "," Annie "," Helios "," Talisman "," Chameleon "," Moldova "," Zabava "," Novocherkassk Anniversary "," Arcadia "," Augustine "," Kesha " "," Delight "," Lily ntawm Valley. "Yog tias cov av tuaj yeem nrog cov dej noo, ces ua rau cov dej tsis zoo li no, tab sis nruj me me, vim yog cov kua dej ntau dhau mus rau hauv av, koj cov pa tawm ntawm nws, vim tias cov hauv paus hniav tsis ua pa li qub.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Watering yog nqa tawm nrog dej sov kom ceev txoj kev tsim ntawm ob lub raum. Yog tias tus txheej txheem xav kom qis qis dua, ces cov dej txias tuaj rau hauv qhov dej.Ob lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav watering yog nqa tawm 20 hnub ua ntej flowering. Nyob rau hauv txhua cheeb tsam, flowering tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm txawv sij hawm, yog li lub hnub kos peb yuav tsis qhia. Koj tuaj yeem dej ncaj qha hauv qab hauv paus, yog tias cog qoob loo me me. Yog hais tias lub vineyards yog nyob los ntawm ntau lub kaum os daim av, ces peb pub noo noo los ntawm trenches thiab kua kav. Daim ntawv thov tus nqi - 200 liters ib nplooj ntoo. Peb xam pom thaum twg mus rau dej lub grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ces peb yuav tham txog drought siab rau ntawm qoob loo.
Puas grapes zoo li ya raws?
Grapes yog heev noo noo-hlub nroj tsuag, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm cov dej thaum lub sij hawm dej, tab sis ib overabundance ntawm noo noo muaj ib tug tsis zoo dua cov nyhuv tshaj nws tsis muaj.
Qhov tseeb yog hais tias yog hais tias tus vine tsis tau txaus noo noo thaum watering, ces nws keeb kwm pib mus tob rau hauv cov av nyob rau hauv kev tshawb ntawm dej. Yog tias tsis muaj av nplaum hauv koj thaj av uas yuav tsis cia cov hauv paus hniav mus tob, ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txhawj tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav qhuav rau hauv cov hnub kub tshwj xeeb.
Nws yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau koj los kawm txog cov kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog khaus thiab khuj mis.Tsis tsuas yog lub stability ntawm vine, tab sis kuj lub degree ntawm kev tiv thaiv nyob ntawm lub deepening ntawm hauv paus system. Yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag tau txais txaus dej npaum li cas thaum lub caij tso dej, ces txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib qho cag, uas yog thaum muaj huab cua loj heev yuav khov kho, thiab kab lig kev cai yuav tuag.
Yog hais tias tsis muaj noo noo ua rau lub keeb kwm mus rau ob peb meters tob, txawm heev frosts yuav tsis ua rau tag nrho kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag.Nws hloov tawm ib hom kev nyuab siab: muab cov txiv hmab hauv cov dej kom zoo thiab tau qoob loo zoo uas tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo lub vineyards ib zaug ntxiv, los yog sim seb lub zog, uas yuav tiv thaiv cov qoob loo ntawm kev rhais dej khov.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Vine yuav tiv taus kub txog 30°C, Txawm li cas los xij, tej zaub ntsuab yuav khov txawm tias tsawg heev.
Irrigation txoj kev
Nws muaj ob txoj hauv kev los mus ywg dej txiv hmab:
- superficial;
- underground.
Txoj kev ntub dej hauv qhov nruab nrab yog muab faib rau cov kev hloov hauv qab no:
- txia dej;
- muab dej rau ntau cov kwj deg;
- irrigation ntawm ib qho pits, uas nyob ze ntawm txhua lub hav txwv yeem.
Tso irrigation tsim rau cov neeg txawj ntse uas muaj sij hawm txaus thiab kev txawj ntse los tsim kom muaj txoj kev zoo li no. Cov kav dej rau dej yuav rub tau ob qho tib si rau ntawm ib lub xaim hlau thiab hauv av. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau hnyav xau uas tsis pub cua tuaj dhau.
Tshuaj los ntawm ib qho kev ditch. Haum rau loj grape plantations, thaum nws yog ua suab tsis yooj yim su dej txhua bush cais. Qhov kev xaiv no tsis tas yuav siv cov nqi khoom siv, tabsis kev siv dej hauv dej tsis tuaj yeem raug hu ua rational.
Kawm tseem yuav ua li cas txiav grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.Watering ib qho pits. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv uas yog haum rau ib tug me me cog vines. Humidifying nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, txawm tsis conserving dej, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm drip, txawm li ntawd los, txhua tus neeg nroj tsuag yuav tau txais nws cov cai.
Tam sim no peb sib tham txog underground moistening, uas yog tseem nrov heev thiab muaj ntau yam kev xaiv rau kev siv:
- qhov laj kab;
- kab rov tav.
Ntsug raj. Lub ntsiab lus yog nyob ze ntawm txhua lub hav txwv (indented 1 m ntawm lub pob tw) ib qhov yog dug rau hauv uas yog ib cov yas yeeb nkab. Thoob plaws hauv qhov ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab, qhov no yog tsim los ntawm cov dej noo uas yuav plhaws rau hauv av. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov ntawm kev khau tawm, pits ntawm rubble los yog gravel yog piled ib ncig ntawm lub pits. Dej dej yog nqa nrog ib daig dej los yog manually pouring dej.
Kab rov tav. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws uas tau nyuam qhuav tau siv txhua txhia qhov chaw. Cov chaw no yog vim muaj qhov tseeb tias tsis yog dej xwb, tiam sis kuj muaj ntau hom kua chiv tau los ntawm cov kab hauv av hauv av.
Lub yeeb nkab no tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov tob ntawm 60-70 cm Ib lub qhov yog ua los ntawm txhua txhua 'meter' rau hauv cov kua uas yuav ntws. Tag nrho cov ntaub qhwv raug kaw nrog agrofibre los yog nplua mesh los tiv thaiv tawm tsam clogging. Ib lub peev xwm txaus yog txuas nrog lub system, uas ua rau dej los yog sib tov ntawm cov chiv, yog tias cov kua kub hauv lub hnub thiab nkag los ntawm cov kav dej.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, muaj xws li ib tug xws li "ampelotherapy" - kev kho mob nrog grapes, thiab tsis tsuas yog berries, tab sis kuj nplooj, ntoo, thiab txhua yam uas yuav raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm no nroj tsuag.
Nta noj grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Peb tig mus rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav khaub ncaws los ntawm cov txiv hmab: peb yuav tham txog kev xaiv khaub ncaws, hnub tim thiab cov hau kev ntawm kev taw qhia. Cia peb tham txog qhov tseem ceeb caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau cov neeg nyiam. 
Pob zeb hauv av chiv thiab cov organic
Cia peb pib nrog lub fact tias lub fertilizer, cog thaum cog ib tug hluas Bush, tsuas yog rau 3-4 xyoo, ces mineral ua rau pib, thiab cov nroj tsuag yog tsuas yog tsis tau tsim cov qoob loo yam tsis muaj ntxiv fertilizer.
Kawm ntxiv txog kev siv yeeb siv tshuaj rau lub vaj txiv hmab.Chiv tau thov los ntawm kab lis kev cai yog muab faib ua ob pawg:
- qhov tseem ceeb;
- ntxiv.
Cov loj chiv yog siv thaum txhua txhua 2-3 xyoo. Sealing yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog Autumn. Fertilized nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm cov organic thiab pob zeb hauv av dej. Cov tshuaj chiv ntxiv yog ib hom kev pov hwm tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov huab cua thiab cov kab mob pathogenic. Feem ntau yog siv cov kua hloov.
Dab tsi zoo tshaj: dej los yog cov ntxhia dej?
Rau cov txiv hmab, cov khoom organic organic yog dua, uas yog kwv los ntawm kev siv cov quav tsiaj, nplooj lwg, peat los yog noog dej. Qhov no hom fertilizer tsis tsuas yog muab cov vine tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov zaub mov thiab cov as-ham, tab sis kuj adjusts lub taub hau ntawm cov av, ua nws ntau crumbly thiab breathable.
Pob zeb chiv kuj muaj ntau cov kev pab, yog li lawv yuav siv nrog cov organic teeb meem. "Mineral water", uas sib txuas nrog NPK pawg (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), zoo tshaj plaws haum, vim tias qhov nyuaj no daws txhua qhov teeb meem ntawm cov hmab hauv txhua theem ntawm kev txhim kho.
Nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias yog tias koj siv tsuas yog cov organic chiv, ces tsis muaj tshwj xeeb xav tau rau pob zeb hauv av chiv. Txawm li cas los, yog tias koj pub cov nroj tsuag tsuas yog nrog pob zeb hauv av chiv, ces lawv yuav pom ib tug muaj tsis txaus ntawm ntau yam tshuaj.
Koj puas paub? Rau qhuav ntawm ib lub raj mis ntawm caw, qhov nruab nrab, koj xav tau 600 grapes.Nws hloov tawm tias organic teeb meem yog indispensable, yog li ntawd, txhua txhua xyoo nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau thov ib koob tshuaj organic fertilizer.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus uas koj xav paub thiab ua raws li lawv.
Tom qab lub caij ntuj no, ua ntej hle qhov yeeb yaj kiab los yog lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub vaj txiv hmab, koj yuav tsum tau noj cov nroj tsuag nrog cov hmoov sib tov ntawm superphosphate, ammonium nitrate thiab potash ntsev (los yog siv ib txoj fertilizer). Nyob rau hauv 1 liter peb dilute 2 g ntawm superphosphate, 1 g ntawm nitrate thiab 0.5 g ntawm poov tshuaj ntsev. Rau watering ib tug Bush, koj yuav tsum siv txog 10 liv ntawm no daws.
Cov nram qab no daim ntawv thov ntawm fertilizing yog nqa tawm 15 hnub ua ntej pib ntawm flowering. Siv tib lub sib tov nrog tib lub ntsiab lus (2: 1: 0.5 rau 1 liter).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov kev pub noj mov zaum kawg yuav tsum nqa tsis pub dhau 15 hnub ua ntej harvesting.Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lawv ua lwm pub mis ntxiv, tsis suav cov khoom nitrogen.
Txoj kev ua
Txheem siv paus dressing, uas muaj daim ntawv thov ntawm chiv nyob rau hauv lub voj voog pristvolny. Ob lub pits thiab ib qho kev tawm hla mus los yuav raug tshawb tau. Kev cog qoob cog qoob yog 40-50 cm. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv hom no thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, ua ntej yuav nkaum rau lub caij ntuj no.
Lwm cov kev xaiv rau chiv daim ntawv thov yog foliar hnav khaub ncaws, uas, txawm hais tias tsis tau hloov lub yooj yim variant, li cas los xij, pab nroj tsuag ntawm ntau theem. Cov hauv paus hniav sab saud yog coj los ntawm cov dej ntws los yog cov dej los ntawm cov taub dej los yog cov taub dej tsuag. Rau cov laj thawj no, tsis yog siv 3 qhov qauv ntawm cov qauv hauv pob zeb, tab sis kuj ntxiv cov sib txuas, xws li bromine, cobalt, manganese, tooj liab, thiab lwm tus. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias lub hauv paus hnav khaub ncaws yog qhov yooj yim: tsis muaj nws, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsis muaj cov zaub mov me me thiab cov as-ham, vim chiv kos rau hauv av yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws absorbed los ntawm hauv paus system.
Qhov no xaus rau kev sib tham ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej thiab pub cog vineyards rau ntawm koj qhov chaw. Siv cov lus qhia uas tau hais kom muab koj cov cog nrog qhov tseeb ntawm cov dej noo thiab cov khoom noj rau kev loj hlob thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
