Cov ntoo uas tsis tshua loj hlob qis yog cov ntoo tsawg, qhov siab siab tshaj ntawm pob tw yog 120 cm, inch ntawm crown yog plaub mus rau rau hli, thiab tsob ntoo hlob mus rau ib qhov siab ntawm peb mus rau tsib metres.
Nyom feem ntau hlob nyob rau hauv cov ntoo luv luv.
Lawv feem ntau yog loj hlob ntawm ob hom kev Tshuag: nruab nrab qib siab thiab vigorous.
Kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam
Zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb loj hlob natural semi-dwarfs, i.e., lawv yog cov uas tsis muaj zog zuj zus cov ntoo uas loj hlob 3-4 meters siab. Nws yog heev yooj yim los tu rau lawv, lawv pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum ntxov. Yuav kom qis-loj hlob ntau yam ntawm cov kua muaj xws li: "Silver hoof", "People", "Gorno-Altai", "Hybrid-40", "Uslada", "Moscow Pear". Lawv zoo rau kev muag khoom, thiab loj hlob zoo hauv peb cov zej zog.
Yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm qis-loj hlob ntau yam
Tsi "Nyiaj Tsiaj" launched nyob rau hauv chaw nres tsheb Sverdlovsk. Ib lub me ntoo nrog qab zib thiab creamy txiv apples, qhov nyhav ntawm ib cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog 80 grams. Lawv pib ripen nrog lub sij hawm tuaj txog lub yim hli ntuj, thiab thaum xaus ntawm lub hlis lawv tau ua ntau. Txee lub neej yog me, txog ib hlis. Cov ntoo dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhua xyoo los ntawm 3-4 xyoo, lub yields ntawm apples yog nruab nrab, ntau yam yog resistant mus rau lub caij ntuj no.
Ntau "Neeg" nws yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsob ntoo uas tsis muaj zuj zus, nyob rau hauv cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo ib nrab nquab, nkag mus hauv kev ua txij nkawm 2-3 xyoos. Cov txiv apples yog nruab nrab, qhov nyhav yog li ntawm 90 mus rau 115 grams, nrog golden-yellow tev, saj yog zoo heev, khoom noj qab zib. Koj tuaj yeem sau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, lub txee lub neej txog li 4 lub hlis. Qhov zoo ntawm "Neeg" ntau yam yog siab, thaum ntxov thiab tas mus li fruiting, yog zoo khaws cai.
Muaj qes-ntau yam "Moscow pear" lub caij ntuj no-Hardy, txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov me me, lub saj yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm ntau siab "Moscow pear".
Kua ntau "Gorno-Altai" txawv ntoo nrog ib tug npawv crown ntawm medium tuab. Apples yog me me, txog 30 grams, lub duab yog sib npaug-conical, xim yog ci liab. Cov nqaij ntawm apples yog muaj kua thiab creamy, lub saj yog Sweet thiab qaub, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj txog 12.9% qab zib. Txiv apples yog zoo rau cov compotes, jam, thiab lawv muaj peev xwm yuav consumed tshiab.
Tus sau tau pib los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, vim hais tias koj yuav tsum muaj lub sij hawm ua ntej cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen, vim hais tias ces lawv pib tawg. Pib pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm 4-5 xyoos tom qab cog lub seedlings, ntau yam tolerates lub caij ntuj no hnub. Ntau tus "Gorno-Altai" tuaj yeem loj hlob nyob qhov twg, txawm tias lwm cov ntoo tuag.
Tsob Ntoo ntau yam "Hybrid-40" medium sprawling, feem ntau yog tsis muaj neeg xyuas pib, resistant rau scab, lub caij ntuj no-Hardy. Cov txiv apples yog loj, lawv tev yog ntsuab-daj. Cov nqaij yog kev sib tw, muaj kua, dawb, saj yog qab zib thiab qaub. Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau 2 lub lim tiam, pib ua txhaum tawm thaum lub hli dhau los. Thawj cov qoob loo yuav siv tau 3-4 xyoo tom qab cog, ruaj khov, txhua xyoo thiab siab thaum thawj 15 xyoo.
Tab sis ntau yam "Hybrid-40" yog heev tsawg, yog li ntawd mus hais lus, yog nyob rau theem ntawm extinction. Nws yog resistant rau scab. Qhov disadvantage yog tias crown, uas muaj ntawm skeletal ceg, los ntawm snow thiab hnyav cov qoob loo yuav ua txhaum tawm hauv qab. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau qhov no, cov ceg ntoo pob txha yuav khi rau ib leeg, thiab cov kev txhawb zog yuav tsum ua.
Undersized ntau yam txiv apples "Uslada" pleases peb nrog cov qoob loo ntawm 2-3 xyoos. Qhov nyhav ntawm ib hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog li ntawm 120 grams, zoo heev khoom qab zib, cov ntsiab lus qab zib qab zib. Pib kom siav nrog tuaj txog ntawm Autumn, khaws cia yuav luag 2.5 lub hlis. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntsuabish-daj.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam "Young naturalist" ncav cuag qhov nruab nrab li ntawm 120 grams. Tus duab ntawm apples yog flat-round, lub tev yog ntsuab-daj, lub cev yog muaj kua, zoo qab zib-qaub saj. Lub sij hawm sau qoob loo yog lub Cuaj Hlis, lub txee lub neej ntawm plucked apples yog txog li ob lub hlis.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm dav dav ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo undersized ntau yam: lawv yog medium loj, xws li los ntawm npawv mus rau flattened. Lub rind yog feem ntau tus, qhuav thiab ci iab. Lub ntsiab xim ntawm lub rind ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog greenish-daj.
Lub qia ntawm apples yog tuab thiab curved, sib sib zog nqus funnel, blunt-conical. Cov nqaij yog ntsuab, muaj kua, ntom, saj ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog Sweet thiab qaub, ib co ntau yam yog cog nrog dessert saj. Yam tsawg kawg hauv lub neej txawb ntawm 2 lub lis piam, ntau tshaj 6 lub hlis.
Nws kuj yog nthuav los nyeem txog kev tu thiab cog ntawm cov ntoo hauv cov ntoo.
Tsob Ntoo
Tsawg-loj hlob Apple ntoo yog tsawg, muaj ib lub crown ntawm nruab nrab ntom. Cov ceg tawm ntawm lub pob tw ntawm txoj cai muaj ze, lawv qhov xaus lawm. Lub crown ntawm cov ntoo yog tus, ib tug grey-xim av ntau yam. Tus tua ntawm tsob ntoo cov ceg ntoo uas tsis muaj zog yog tuab thiab ncaj, xim av xim, hnyav, cov lentils me thiab tsawg. Cov duab ntawm ob lub raum yog conical, thiab lawv maj mam nias.
Cov nplooj yog cov loj, ntsws ntswj, hull hue. Cov phaj leafy yog concave, lowered nrog ib ntug laim ntug. Lub paj ntawm yuav luag txhua yam ntawm tsawg-loj hlob Kua ntoo yog loj nrog tsa sawv.
Ua tsaug
Cov txiaj ntsig Kua cov ntoo luv:
-Kua ntoo pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum ntxov, feem ntau yog 2 lossis 3 xyoos tom qab cog. Thiab ob xyoos tom qab, pib coj siab tshaj plaws. Stunted vaj yog suav tias zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus nqi nyiaj, txij li peb zaug ntxiv stunted Kua ntoo tau cog rau hauv tib lub cuab ntxhiab tshaj apples ntawm dog dig ntau yam.
-Txiv hmab txiv ntoo high quality, loj thiab muaj lub siab tawv.
-Cov ntoo loj hlob 2.5 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab, ua nws yooj yim dua tu lub vaj, pruning ceg, plucking apples thiab yooj yim los tiv thaiv tawm tsam pests.
- Nrog ntau yam ntawm undersized Kua ntoo nrog muaj zog cua, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsawg dua ua txhaum, thiab nws tsis ua txhaum cov ntoo.
-Hauv paus system Cov qoob loo uas tsis tshua loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo tsis ntshai hauv av, txawm tias thaum lawv nyob ze ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Disadvantages
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm qes-loj hlob ntau yam xws li qhov tseeb hais tias ntoo yuav tsum tau them nyiaj yug thiab mulching, thiab ze-barking lub voj voog yog mulched nrog peat, compost, humus, sawdust.
Lifespan ib lub vaj luv luv tsuas yog 25 xyoos, tab sis nyob rau hauv no luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm lub hauv paus ntoo zoo siab peb nrog zoo kawg cov qoob loo thiab feem ntau cov txiv apples. Nyob rau hauv rainy thiab ntub xyoo, nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Kua ntoo muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam los ntawm scab.
Kev kho mob nta
Pruning
Pruning tsawg-loj hlob ntau yam ntawm Kua ntoo yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntxiv dag zog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tua, rau lub crown, kom nce tus naj npawb ntawm taug kev tua, kom tshem qhuav thiab diseased ceg.
Pruning ntoo ua nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov khov khov kho tau raug muab tshem tawm, uas ua rau ib qho nce ntxiv nyob rau hauv tawm los. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, pruned ceg yog pruned, thiaj li ntoo npaj rau so.
Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn pruning yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv no thiaj li:
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tshem cov ceg ntoo tawg thiab qhuav.
Tshem tawm cov qaug qaug zog uas tsis zoo sib xws.
Tag nrho cov qhov txhab tom qab txiav cov ceg yuav tsum tau npog nrog vaj twawb.
Txhua yam uas tau muab tshem tawm yog tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hlawv kom thiaj li tiv thaiv kev kis mob hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Pruning yuav tsum tam sim ntawd tom qab cog seedlings. Qhov no yog ua kom sib npaug ntawm lub hauv paus system thiab lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo, vim hais tias cov loj hlob ceg noj ntau ntawm muab kev pab cuam. Tom ntej no pruning yog ua nyob rau hauv txog 3 xyoos, tshem tsuas qhuav thiab diseased tua.
Cov chiv
Qhov kev saib xyuas zoo ntawm cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv raws sij hawm ntawm chiv thiab pub ntawm cov ntoo, cuam tshuam lub tsim ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo buds. Txog thaum lub nrab-Lub Xya hli ntuj, stunted Kua ntau yam yog pub nrog nitrogen.
Nws cuam tshuam qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ntsuab loj, thiab tom qab ob lub midsummer, chiv raug siv, uas muaj tsawg nitrogen cov ntsiab lus, phosphate thiab potash chiv, uas tso cai rau seedlings los npaj rau tom ntej txias huab cua. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los noj cov nroj tsuag nrog manure, siv tshauv nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, thiab tseem siv pob zeb hauv av chiv nyob rau hauv lub complex.
Watering
Qes-loj hlob kua ntau hom yog watered rau yuav luag tag nrho lub xyoo daim calendar, tshwj tsis yog rau lub caij ntuj no. Dej yog poured rau hauv grooves los yog qhov. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau dej suav tias yog dej tshuaj. Tib lub sijhawm nrog dej, chiv raug siv thiab fertilized.
Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm Autumn, thaum xaus ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj, thiab raws li nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ntoo yog abundantly watered, cov av yuav tsum ntub, thiab av thiab keeb kwm yuav tsum tsis qhuav tawm. Kev ntsuas tus nqi 3 lub thoob rau ib tsob ntoo, nws nyob ntawm seb cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj tuaj.
Watering stunted Kua yuav tsum 3-4 lub sij hawm. Thawj lub sij hawm yog watered ua ntej cov ntoo pib flowering, tom ntej yog thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, qhov thib peb yog ua ntej lub apples pib ripen.
Lub caij ntuj no
Npaj ntawm tsawg-loj hlob ntau yam ntawm Kua ntoo muaj cov kauj ruam nram qab no:
1. Pub cov kua ntoo phosphorus thiab potassium. Cov no chiv tau ntxiv dag zog rau tsob ntoo thiab ua rau nws lub caij ntuj no hardiness. Tsis tas li ntawd ib tug zoo zoo cuam tshuam foliar hnav khaub ncaws - txau ntoo nrog ib tug daws ntawm poov tshuaj monophosphate.
2. Ntxuav cov ntoo kua ua thiaj li yuav tau tshem ntawm cov pests thiab pathogens. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxuav nrog ib rab riam ntse tag nrho cov kab tawg uas nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, thiab hlawv nws.
3. Whitewashing lub vaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg tiv thaiv nws los ntawm cov kab mob ua rau muaj kab mob, thiab nws tiv thaiv cov tawv ntoo ntawm lub tshav ntawm lub hnub, uas yuav ua rau nws cov hlawv, thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrawm los ntawm kev hloov hauv qhov kub ntawm lub caij ntuj no.
4. Watering ntoo, koj yuav tsum muaj sijhawm mus rau ib nrab-Lub Kaum Hli.
5. Ua fungal kab mob kev tiv thaivi.e. txau cov ntoo nrog tooj liab sulfate daws. Txau zoo dua nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis, thaum tag nrho cov nplooj poob tawm thiab lub cev pob tsuas yog kom meej meej pom.
6. Kua vaj tsev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov nas. Lub qhov nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo yog nrog txhua yam uas muaj: qhuav raspberry los yog currant ceg, Pine spruce ceg, reed los yog yas gratings.
7. Rau mulching siv txhua yam uas yog nyob ntawm tes, kev xaiv loj yuav tsum siv cov ntaub ntawv qhuav. Ua kom tiav ua hauj lwm rau kev npaj ntawm Kua orchard yuav cia koj mus kom zoo kawg nyiaj mus rau lub caij ntuj no, thiab mus thov gardeners nrog zoo cov qoob loo.
Tsaws nta
Cov ntoo Cov kws ua teb cog zaub zoo cog qoob cog qoob loo ntau yam kom poob, lub cag yuav muaj zog dua lub caij ntuj no, thiab nrog rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv yuav pib loj hlob thiab loj hlob zoo. Kua ntoo yog cog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tab sis koj yuav tsum muaj lub sij hawm pib pib budding, vim hais tias yog hais tias koj tau cog tom qab los yog thaum lub sij hawm, lub seedlings tau qhuav tawm. Yuav cog thiab txhua xyoo thiab cov ntoo hauv hav zoov.
Txoj kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov ntoo pib pib nrog kev npaj ntawm cov qhov cog, uas khawb rau qhov raug mob. Nws yog dug 50 cm dav thiab 50 cm sib sib zog nqus. Thaum digging ib qhov, qaum txheej yog mus raws li txoj cai, thiab qis txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb - mus rau sab laug.
Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm aub tsiv, ib lub thoob ntawm humus, pre-rotted ua ntej, yog poured, thiab ib pob zeb ntxhuav fertilizer, nitrophore yog ntxiv, thiab tag nrho sib tov yog tov nrog lub Upper av txheej. Yog hais tias cov av yog av nplaum thiab hnyav, ces ntxiv ib me ntsis xuab zeb.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib cog ib lub vaj. Lub hauv paus system ntawm Kua ntoo yog straightened, ntxig rau hauv ib lub qhov thiab puv nrog lub ntiaj teb, ua ntej los ntawm txheej txheej, ces los ntawm qis txheej tso tseg rau hauv av. Lub ntiaj teb faus yog trampled cia, thiab lub seedlings yuav tsum tau tob kom thiaj li hais tias txhaj tshuaj muaj nyob rau ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 5-7 cm los ntawm hauv av.
Tom qab ntawd lawv ua qhov ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw, thiab cog cog yog watered. Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus ntoo yog mulched nrog lub ntiaj teb los yog humus. Yog hais tias ib tug muaj zog cua blows, lub pob tw ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau raug muab khi rau ib tug PEG.
