Yuav ua li cas yog acidity ntawm cov av nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej vaj, tsis yog txhua tus tswv av paub. Ntau tus poob ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov ua tsis tau txhais txog cov pH thiab cov zauv suav nrog tom qab ntawm cov pob khoom ntawm cov khw sib tov. Txawm tias qhov tseeb nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub koom haum ntawm kev cog noob nroj thiab yav tom ntej cov khoom muag qoob loo. Peb yuav piav qhia yuav ua li cas los txiav txim siab lub acidity ntawm cov av ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab yuav ua li cas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv no cuam tshuam rau vaj teb nroj tsuag.
Av acidity thiab nws cov nqi
Lub peev xwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb los qhia cov cim qhia tias muaj acids raws li ib feem ntawm nws yog hu ua av acidity. Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav nyiaj txiag muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias oxidation ntawm substrate yog nce hydrogen thiab txhuas ions.
Koj puas paub? Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws av thaj av muaj li ntawm 11% ntawm lub ntiaj teb daim av nyiaj.
Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev vim tias nws muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau theem ntawm qhov kev tuaj yeem ntawm cov kev pab cuam los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua. Phosphorus, manganese, iron, boron thiab zinc yog zoo soluble nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw acidic. Tab sis nrog ib tug loj oxidation los yog alkalinity nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag yuav tau pom inhibited kev loj hlob. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis tsawg lossis siab pH.
Rau txhua tus kab lis kev cai muaj qee yam kev txwv ntawm acidity, tab sis, raws li cov agronomists, feem ntau ntawm vaj thiab vaj teb cov qoob loo nyiam me ntsis acidic los yog nruab nrab av ib puag ncigThaum lub pH qib sib raug rau 5-7.
Fertilization tseem cuam tshuam cov av acidity. Superphosphate, poov tshuaj sulfate thiab poov tshuaj ntsev yuav acidify qhov nruab nrab. Txo cov kua qaub - cov tshuaj calcium thiab sodium nitrate. Carbamide (urea), nitroammophoska thiab potassium nitrate muaj cov cwj pwm tsis zoo.
Txhim kho fertilization ntawm av muaj peev xwm ua rau ib tug muaj zog hloov ntawm acidity nyob rau hauv ib qho kev coj los yog lwm, uas yuav adversely muaj kev cuam tshuam rau zaub ntawm plantations.
Yog hais tias lub ntiaj teb no dhau lawm oxidized, lub protoplasm yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ntawm cov txheej vov zom ntsa, cov pa tshuaj yuav tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab yuav nkag mus rau hauv kev daws ntawm txhuas thiab cov ntsev hlau.
Vim tias qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib law liag thiab tsis muaj mob, phosphoric acid yuav tig mus rau hauv daim ntawv qis, ua rau muaj cov kab mob hauv cov nroj tsuag.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv ib lub teaspoon ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub neej muaj ntau microorganisms raws li muaj cov neeg thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb.Cov pH hloov mus rau ib qho alkaline sab pernicious tsis tshua muaj. Cov kws kho mob piav qhia qhov tseeb no los ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag lub hauv paus system kom tso tawm carbon dioxide, nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus neutralizing tshaj alkalinity ntawm ib qho organic acid.
Tias yog vim li cas hloov hloov nyob rau hauv av acidity tsis tau tso cai, thiab oxidized substrates yog pom zoo rau neutralize nrog fluff txhua txhua 3-5 xyoos.
Yuav ua li cas txhais nws
Cov neeg tuaj yeem paub tias yuav ua li cas los txiav txim seb cov kua qaub ntawm cov av, tom tsev lawv pom zoo siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb lossis siv cov "qub qauv". Peb yuav to taub hais rau hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm txhua txoj kev xaiv.
Cov lus qhia ntxiv thiab txhim khu kev ntseeg txog lub xeev cov kua qoob loo ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau txais los ntawm pH meters. Qhov no yog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov uas qis ntawm cov kua qaub rau hauv cov av tov yog ntsuas.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tsuas yog qhov dej tsis zoo, vim tias tsuas yog cov dej ntws tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab nws xav kom muab cov qaub ncaug tshem tawm ntawm qhov tob ntawm 6 cm Ntxiv thiab, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov yuav tau tshawb xyuas txog tsib zaug hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv vaj tse nrog cov khoom ntws txog 30 cm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tag nrho cov hom cabbage, dos thiab qej, beets nyiam nutral xau. Tab sis cov qos yaj ywm, eggplant, peas, cucumbers thiab zucchini Bole ntau xis nyob rau hauv acidic cheeb tsam. Qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab nrog pH tsawg (acidic) yuav rau txiv lws suav, carrots thiab taub.Lwm txoj kev los txiav txim seb lub acidity ntawm cov av yog siv tshwj xeeb ntsuas. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov lag luam loj cov lag luam tsis pom cov kev xeem no vim cov kev ua txhaum loj loj, thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm cov tsev neeg me me hais tias cov khoom siv li no zoo heev rau tsev siv.
Feem ntau, litmus, phenolphthalein thiab methyl txiv kab ntxwv yog siv los kuaj cov av daws. Kev hloov hauv cov xim ntawm cov khoom pov thawj pom tau hais tias ib qho chaw acidic.
Tab sis yog tias koj tsis muaj av qeeg av tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov pH cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom siv. Rau qhov no muaj ntau ntau yam yees duab. Qhov feem ntau thiab pheej yig ntawm lawv kom lawv kuaj siv vinegar.
Koj yuav tsum xav tau ib qho av tshiab ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab ob peb tee dej los xyuas. Yog hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov cheebtsam no yuav yog lub ntsej muag thiab npuas, lub substrate nyob rau hauv koj lub vaj teb yog alkaline (pH saum 7). Qhov tsis muaj cov cim no qhia tau hais tias yog ib qho chaw qaub ncaug.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias koj ruaj hloov cov acidity ntawm cov substrate, lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntsev zom kom yaj thiab qhov nqus ntawm cov plaub hau ntawm cov kev pab cuam yuav hloov. Piv txwv, nitrogen ua tsis tau mus rau cov nroj tsuag, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim uas lawv loj hlob tsis zoo thiab tuag.Ib txhia gardeners qhia cov kev paub txog seb yuav ua li cas thiaj xyuas cov kua qaub ntawm cov av hauv tsev nrog kev pabcuam ntawm liab qhwv. Ua li no, cov zaub nplooj yog crushed thiab squeezed tawm ntawm lawv kua txiv, ces ntxiv ib me ntsis cawv rau kua.
Kev ntsuam xyuas yog ua tiav ntawm cov lim dej uas siv cov dej lim dej sib txawv. Yog hais tias tus tester tau hloov nws cov xim rau ib qho liab qab ntxiv - lub ntiaj teb yog acidic, yog nws tig xiav los yog xim liab qab - cov substrate medium yog alkaline.
Qhov thib ob "laus-fashioned txoj kev" txiav txim siab qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid ntawm pH nrog ib tug Txoj Kev lis ntshav ntawm ntsuab dub currant nplooj. Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ib liter ntawm boiling dej yuav tsum tau mus txog rau cuaj daim. Thaum lub kua tau txias, poob me me puv tes ntawm cov tshiab substrate rau hauv nws thiab sib tov zoo. Ib cov kua liab tau yog ib qho cim ntawm qhov chaw acidic, qhov xuas npoo qhov qhia tias nws qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, thiab ib qho tis greenish qhia tias ib qho av me ntsis.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv av nrog ib tug acid tshuaj tiv thaiv pH ntawm 6-7, dej siab mob rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, ntawm cov uas muaj ntau yam pathogens, yog tsim.
Av acidity hloov
Tej yam ntuj tso tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov av muaj pes tsawg leeg - qhov no tsis yog kab lus rau lub vaj. Tom qab tag nrho, acid tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm substrate yog yooj yim kho.
Boost
Yog hais tias qhov chaw npaj rau cog juniper, roob tshauv, cranberry, blueberry thiab blueberry, uas xav tau acidic substrates, thiab kev ntsuas tau pom ib qho chaw alkaline, koj yuav tsum tau nce cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pH. Ua li no, cia li ncuav qhov xav hauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb npaj daws ntawm 60 g ntawm oxalic acid los yog citric acid thiab 10 liv dej.
Rau qhov zoo tshwm sim, 1 square meter yuav tsum tau hliv ib thoob cov kua. Xwb, lub kua qaub yuav hloov nrog cov lus vinegar los yog kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo cider vinegar. 100 g yog txaus kom ncuav nyob rau hauv ib lub kaum-dej thoob cov dej. Sulfur kuj ua rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob hauv oxidation ntawm qhov av (70 g) thiab peat (1.5 kg) yuav tsum tau siv ib square meter.
Qee lub caij ntuj sov rau cov laj thawj no siv lub roj teeb electrolyte tshiab. Tab sis lawv lees hais tias nyob hauv kev xyaum ua txoj kev feem ntau tsis muab cov kev xav tau, vim nws nyuaj heev los xam cov nqi tsim nyog ntawm cov kua. Cov kws kho mob xav txog qhov no kom zoo thiab nco ntsoov tias yuav siv nws, nws tseem ceeb heev kom muaj cov lus qhia tseeb txog qib pH saum txaj. Yog li ntawd, hauv tsev nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev mus yos hav zoov rau lwm cov kev yees.
Koj puas paub? Thaum nruab hnub lub teb yuav ploj mus txog 5 cm ntawm lub siab pob ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov no tshwm sim vim huab cua phem.
Downgrade
Rau apples, cabbage, cucumbers, turnips, parsley, dos thiab asparagus, cheeb tsam nrog nruab nrab acidity yog xav tau. Yog tias koj tsis pom cov neeg nyob hauv koj lub vaj, sim deoxidize rau cov khoom lo.
Qhov no yog siv cov av hauv av. Nyob ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid rau ib square meter ntawm zaub vaj, los ntawm 150 mus rau 300 g ntawm fluff ntxiv. Yog tias cov nyiaj tsis muaj, koj tuaj yeem hloov tau cov laus plaster, dolomite flour, cement plhaub rau hauv av.
Agronomists tawm tswv yim txog qaub lo ntxhuav pob zeb thiab cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem pab txhawb los ntawm 30 mus rau 40 kg ntawm cov khoom rau ib 100 square metres. Rau cultivation ntawm horticultural nroj tsuag, liming yog ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thaum lub sij hawm plowing lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ntshaw kom rov ua txoj haujlwm txhua tsib xyoos.
Cov av qeeg hauv av
Nws tshwm sim hais tias cov lus pom zoo rau kev kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid tsis tuaj yeem coj qhov kev xav tau. Ua cov agronomists piav qhia qhov no nrog ntau hom acidity thiab tsis raug xaiv xaiv tus neeg sawv cev. Xav txog ib nyuag av acidity kev faib tawm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Av oxidation tshwm sim arbitrarily nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj ntau nag poob thaum lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv cov teb muaj cim khov kho ntawm cov poov hlau, qhov poob ntawm uas yog tseem tau nrog ib qhov khoom plig.
General (uas tshwm sim)
Hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb muaj cov ncauj lus qhia txog tam sim no, peev xwm, sib pauv thiab hydrolytic acidity. Hauv kev txhais, cov tshuaj pleev acidity yog hais txog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub ntiaj teb daws raws dej distilled.
Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, kev npaj ntawm kev daws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 2.5: 1, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm peat bogs, qhov ratio hloov mus rau 1:25. Yog tias qhov kev kuaj pom tshwm sim nrog tus pH ntawm 7, hauv av hauv nruab nrab, txhua lub cim hauv qab 7 qhia tias acidic, thiab saum toj no 7 alkaline nruab nrab.
Lub acidity ntawm cov npoo av hauv pem teb qhia tau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb pH. Cov no tsis cuam tshuam cov teebmeem ntawm cations, uas ua rau lub oxidation ntawm cov av tov.
Kev hloov txauv ntawm cov cations ntawm hydrogen thiab aluminium ua rau muaj cov kua qaub rau cov kua qaub. Cov kws kho mob sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas niaj zaus fertilized nrog cov organic tshuaj, cov nuj nqis no yog vim H-ions, thiab nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas manure yog ib rarity, daim duab ntawm Al-ions emerges.
Hydrolytic acidity yog txiav txim siab los ntawm H-ions, uas dhau mus rau hauv cov kua dej thaum lub sij hawm ras txog lub ntiaj teb kua thiab alkaline ntsev.
Koj puas paub? Hauv nruab nrab latitudes, cov av txheej hauv av tsuas yog 2 cm, tab sis yuav tau muab nws, nws yuav siv li ib puas xyoo. Thiab tsim ntawm lub 20-centimeter pob yuav siv raws nraim 1 txhiab xyoo.
Los ntawm hom av
Cov av acidity cuam tshuam tsis yog los ntawm lwm yam, nrog rau lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov kws txawj hais tias:
- cov chaw podzolic muaj pH tsawg (4.5-5.5);
- peatlands - co oxidized (pH 3.4-4.4);
- on chaw ntub dej thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov kua dej substrates mas oxidized (pH 3);
- coniferous aav, raws li txoj cai, acidic (pH 3.7-4.2);
- hauv cov hav zoov tov, lub ntiaj teb nrog acid acidity (pH 4.6-6);
- nyob rau hauv deciduous forests substrates me ntsis acidic (pH 5);
- nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb steppe me ntsis acidic (pH 5.5-6);
- on cenoses, qhov twg steppe cog tsiaj loj hlob, muaj ib tug qaug zog thiab nruab nrab acidity.
Los ntawm cov nroj tsuag
Cov nplooj ntoo nram no yog ib qho qhia tseeb ntawm cov xau av: nettle, horsetail, ivan da maria, plantain, sorrel, heather, creeping buttercup, pike, berrycot, oxalis, sphagnum thiab ntsuab mosses, belous thiab pikulnik.
Sow thistle yog ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntau tshaj plaws, uas Lontrel yuav pab tua. Tab sis tsis txhob maj mus ua puas nws, vim hais tias nws kuj muaj cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Alkaline qhov chaw tau xaiv los ntawm macamosey, dawb nap, thaj mustard thiab larkspur.
Nyob rau cov av nrog nruab nrab acidity, sow thistle, tua bindweed, clover dawb thiab adonis yog ntau.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias theem ntawm pH 4 - cov av ib puag ncig yog acidic heev; ntawm 4 mus rau 5 - nruab nrab acid; ntawm 5 mus rau 6 - qaug zog; ntawm 6.5 mus rau 7 - nruab nrab; los ntawm 7 mus rau 8 - ib nyuag alkaline; los ntawm 8 mus rau 8.5 - nruab nrab alkaline; ntau tshaj 8.5 - ntseeg tau alkaline.
Thaum koj kawm tau li cas los txiav txim seb cov kua qaub hauv lub teb chaws twg, thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li tsim nyog, koj yuav muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov qoob loo thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov qoob loo tsis muaj teeb meem.
