Tsab ntawv tau xaiv ib cov khoom tsim los kom paub koj nrog ib hom noob qoob loo, kev coj tus cwj pwm txawv thiab txawv txawv - "triticale."
Dab tsi ntawm cov nroj tsuag nws yog, yog vim li cas triticale yog cog thiab dab tsi yog qhov technology ntawm nws cultivation, nyeem hauv qab no.
Triticale - dab tsi yog nws
Triticale yog ib yam khoom ntawm tib neeg txhais tes. Ntev thwm sim ntawm breeders tso cai rau qhia lub teeb ntawm thawj tshwm sim ntawm grain hla - rye thiab hom qoob mog.
Koj puas paub? Lub npe "triticale" tsim los ntawm ob lo lus Latin: triticum - hom qoob mog, secale - rye.Kev sim ua rau lub interbreeding ntawm nplej tau ua txij thaum 80s ntawm xyoo pua puas xyoo hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Lub hybrid yog bred hauv 1941 los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb-breeder V. Pisarev. Nws yog nws leej twg thawj zaug hla lub caij ntuj no nplej thiab rye. Tag nrho lwm yam tsiaj thiab ntau yam raug bred twb nyob rau ntawm no ntawm hybrid. Txij li xyoo 1970, triticale pib loj hlob rau cov hom phiaj ntau lawm.
Lub noob qoob loo ntawm cov cereal no yog tias nws tshaj qhov niam txiv cov nroj tsuag hauv ntau cov yeeb yam tseem ceeb (piv txwv li, cov zaub mov muaj nqis thiab cov paib). Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tsis kam mus rau sab nraud lwm yam, av Kex, kab mob thiab cov pests, nws yog ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm ntau ntau tshaj nplej thiab on par nrog rye. Qhov nruab nrab tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog 33,2 centners ib hectare, ntsuab loj - 400-500 centners ib hectare. 
Lub stalks ntawm nyom loj hlob los ntawm 65 mus rau 160 cm Lub qauv ntawm lub pob ntseg yog zoo li cov nplej - muaj ntau tshaj ob txhu nyob rau hauv nws. Nqaim, lanceolate spikelet thiab flowering nplai ntau dua li rye. Tus duab ntawm grain kuj sib txawv, thiab xim - xim liab lossis dawb.
Lub caij ntuj no triticale muaj ntau yam kev txheeb raws roj ntsha uas txawv ntawm lwm cov nplej. Tus kabmob no yog cov khoom muaj protein ntau - 11-23% (uas yog 1.5% siab tshaj cov nplej, thiab 4% siab tshaj ntawm cov rye) thiab cov amino acids: lysine thiab tryptophan. 9.5% ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus muaj nqis ntawm triticale grain ntau tshaj ntawm cov nplej. Qhov zoo ntawm gluten nyob rau hauv ib tug hybrid yog suav hais tias yuav tsum qis dua nyob rau hauv nws cov neeg laus.
Nws yuav undoubtedly yuav pab tau rau koj kom paub ntau ntxiv txog dab tsi fodder beet, sorghum, alfalfa, sainfoin yuav siv li pub rau cov tsiaj nyeg.Qhov zoo ntawm ib tug hybrid ntawm rye thiab hom qoob mog kuj muaj xws li:
- cov nplej loj;
- high graininess ntawm spikelets;
- unpretentiousness ntawm cultivation;
- Frost tsis kam;
- tsis kam mus rau powdery mildew, xim av xeb, nyuaj smut;
- tus kheej-pollination
Cov kev tsis zoo muaj xws li:
- sib cais ua ke ntawm cov nplej los ntawm chaff;
- raug rau hauv paus rot thiab daus pwm;
- lig kom loj hlob
Koj puas paub? Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo yog qhob cij los ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm hmoov, uas muaj xws li 70-80% hom qoob mog hmoov thiab 20-30% triticale hmoov.Raws li pub, tshwj xeeb pub thiab grain pub ntau yam triticale, thiab zoo li straw, silage ntawm lawv yog siv. Ntau yam ntawm triticale yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim tias lawv qhov tseem ceeb vim muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus muaj nqis tshaj rau tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib dua lwm yam nplej.
Cov neeg tsim tawm hnub no tseem ceeb xws li EU lub teb chaws xws li Poland (ua hauv ntau lawm), Fabkis, thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Triticale kuj tsim nyob rau hauv Australia thiab Belarus. 
Muaj ntau lwm lub xeev nyiam ua kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm agronomic xyaum, qhov no grain nroj tsuag yog tsis zoo to taub.
Qhov loj ntau yam
Triticale muab faib ua ob yam loj:
- lub caij ntuj no;
- caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
Raws li cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv thov, cov nram qab no ntau yam yog txawv:
- cereals;
- pub;
- pub grain.
Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ntawm kev ua neej ntawm nyom, ob peb ntau yam ntawm triticale raug bred. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub caij ntuj no cov qoob loo yog: ADP2, ADM4, 5, 8, 11, Zenit Odessa, Amfidiproid 3/5, 15, 42, 52, Kiev Early, Cornet, Papsuevskoe. 
Ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav: "Stork Kharkov", "Krupilsky".
Yuav ua li cas cog ib tug nroj tsuag
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cog thiab loj hlob triticale yog zoo li lub cultivation ntawm lwm cov nplej. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj muaj qee yam nuances.
Loj hlob av
Cov nroj tsuag tsis xav tau ntawm cov av, nws tuaj yeem loj hlob rau txhua hom hom xau, tshwj tsis yog rau cov xoob xuab zeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem peatlands. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav zoo tshaj plaws kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv dub av. Nyob rau hauv xau, muaj feem ntau ntawm cov xuab zeb los yog peat, ib tug hybrid muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib lub nceeg zom dua nws niam nws txiv.
Qhov zoo pH ntawm cov av rau grain qoob loo yog 5.5-7. Yog li, qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cog triticale yog xau nrog ib tug weakly acid thiab tsis haum alkaline ras txog. Ua kom cov pH rau 6-6.5 nce tus tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm 14-25%. Yog hais tias cov av yog dhau lawm qaub, nws yuav tsum yog pre-sowed ua ntej sowing. 
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws precursors rau triticale yuav yog pob kws, peas, perennial grasses (non-cereal), thaum ntxov qos ntau yam. Koj yuav tsum tsis cog cov nroj tsuag tom qab lwm cov cereals, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab rye, barley thiab lub caij ntuj no nplej - qhov no yog fraught nrog sib kis ntawm cov kab mob thiab teeb meem kab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Sowing sij hawm yuav txawv nyob ntawm thaj av ntawd. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los mus tsom rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub caij ntuj no cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw cim xeeb uas nws tau npaj los cog triticale.Ua ntej, nws yog pom zoo kom siv phosphorus-potassium chiv thiab organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm manure mus rau lub site. Tam sim ntawd ua ntej sowing, av yuav tsum tau cultivated mus rau ib tug tob ntawm cog.
Tillage rau sowing yuav lom zem ntau nyob ntawm cov neeg ua ntej, tej yam ntuj tso rau hauv thaj chaw uas cog cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab raws li nyob rau hauv cov degree ntawm prevalence ntawm weeds thiab lawv cov hom.
Peb qhia lub subtleties ntawm sowing carrots, peppers, cauliflower, eggplant, parsley, cucumbers.
Cov noob xaiv
Nyob rau hauv sowing siv noob ntawm high quality nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm tsawg kawg 87%. Noob tshuaj ntawm cov noob muaj xws li cua sov nrog cua sov, hnav khaub ncaws nrog fungicides thiab tshuaj tua kab rau lub caij ntuj no nplej, kev kho mob nrog microelements thiab kev loj hlob regulators. Kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob nqa tawm tsis pub dhau 15 hnub ua ntej sowing.
Noob ntawm lub caij ntuj no triticale yuav tsum dhau los ntawm kev loj hlob rau lub caij ua ntej Frost. Nws yog 40-60 hnub. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau sow grain nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm Lub yim hli ntuj 25 mus rau Cuaj hlis 25. 
Fodder cov qoob loo
Sowing txoj kev - txo cov ntaub ntawv (15 cm) los yog nqiam-kab (7.5 cm) grain seeders. Qhov kom pom zoo deepening ntawm noob yog 3-4 cm, nrog ib tug ntev ntev ntawm nag lossis daus thiab ziab ntawm topsoil - 5-6 cm. Sowing yuav tsum ua tsis ntev tshaj li tsib hnub.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub rau noob germination yog +20 ° C, qhov tsawg kawg yog +5 ° C, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog +35 ° C.
Sprouts yuav tsum tshwm sim hauv ib lub lim tiam tom qab cog. 
Ntaus zuj zus
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag, kab mob thiab kab tsuag, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau siv cov tshuaj agrotechnical thiab tshuaj hauv lub sijhawm.
Nroj tsuag tswj yog kwv yees los ntawm kev siv tshuaj ntsuab thiab siv herbicides. Cov tshuaj xws li "Quartz", "Racer", "Cougar" tsuas yog siv ob peb hnub tom qab seeding. Nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm thawj peb daim ntawv sau qhia, ntxiv rau cov nyiaj tau los saum no, siv "Super", "Gusar", "Marathon", "Satis". Muaj ib xyoos dicotyledonous weeds yog tiv thaiv nrog kev pab ntawm "Cowboy", "Lintur".
Koj yuav twv yuav raug pom zoo kom paub txog kev cog qoob loo, cov nplooj pheeb suab thaj, cov phom suab, khoom noj, oats, qab zib beet, caij nplooj ntoos hlav barley, rye, lub caij ntuj no nplej, thiab rape.
Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Thaum xaiv cov yeeb siv rau kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tsom rau cov tso cai fungicides rau lub caij ntuj no nplej. Qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai rau triticale: snow puab, ergot, septoria, paus rot. Rau prophylaxis nyob rau hauv lub tillering theem, kev kho mob nrog "Ferazyme" yog siv, thiab thaum lub sij hawm ntawm mus rau hauv lub raj - "Agatom".
Cov nyom yog cuam tshuam los ntawm aphids, thrips, Swedish yoov, pyavitsa thiab lwm yam kab. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm ob nplooj thiab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm booting thiab pob ntseg, Txau yog nqa tawm "Dezis-ntxiv", "Fastak", "Senpai", "Sumi-alpha". Thaum lub caij cog qoob loo siv "Ziperon", "Sharpay". 
Xav pub hnav khaub ncaws
Cov nyom yog xav tau pub. Dos thiab hom chiv rau lub caij ntuj no triticale yuav vam khom lub txiaj ntsim ntawm cov av, qhov kev ntsuas ntawm nws cov av noo, thiab raws li siab npaum li cas nws tau npaj yuav sau.
Nws yog qhov zoo los coj ob qho tib si organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv. Nws yog pom zoo kom pub nrog nitrogen-, phosphorus- thiab potassium-muaj chiv (60 kg / his) on heev fertile xau thiab ntawm sowing tom qab zoo tshaj plaws predecessors.
Koj puas paub? Yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag lacks phosphorus, nws yuav txo tau tillering thiab tsim ntawm tsim stems. Tsis muaj poov tshuaj yuav cuam tshuam rau Frost tsis kam ntawm nyom.Yog hais tias cog tau nqa tawm tom qab qhov phem tshaj ntawm cov thawj coj, qhov pom zoo tus nqi ntawm fertilizer yuav tsum tau nce mus rau 90 kg / Ha.
Phosphorus thiab potassium yog pib ua ntej sowing. Nitrogen - thaum lub sij hawm lub caij loj hlob. Thawj koob ntawm nitrogen-muaj chiv yuav tsum tsis muaj ntau tshaj 60-70 kg / Ha. Nqa tawm ua ntej tillering. Qhov thib ob yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tso tawm mus rau hauv lub raj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog ntshaw kom qhia foliar fertilizing nrog micronutrient chiv. 
Harvesting
Harvesting yog ua nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev nyias nyias lossis los ntawm kev sib koom tes. Separate sau yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm waxy ripeness ntawm grain. Direct combining yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tag nrho ripeness. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tso cai rau lub rearrangement ntawm cereal, vim qhov no yog fraught nrog tawg tawm lub stems.
Yog li, triticale yog ib hom tshiab ywj pheej ntawm ib lub cereal cog uas muaj ntsis zoo li yam ntxwv nrog cov rye thiab hom qoob mog. Nws kwv yees tias tsis ntev tom qab ntawd lub cereal yuav nyob ib qho chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj, khoom noj thiab zaub mov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog teev tias cov cereal qoob loo yog ib yam khoom ntawm genetic engineering, uas nws lub zog ntawm tib neeg lub cev tseem tsis tau kawm.
