Raspberry Vera: dab tsi yog qhov zoo kom paub txog ntau yam

Hauv kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, kev tshawb fawb yug tsiaj tshiab tseem tsis tau tsim raws li nws niaj hnub no. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm qhov no yog lub raspberry ntawm Siberian xaiv Vera, uas tau tshwm sim rau 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Qhov no yog qhov thaum ntxov thiab siab-ua kom muaj ntau yam, tab sis qee qhov ntawm nws lwm yam ntxwv tau coj tus qauv. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab qhov twg raspberry Vera yog, koj yuav tsum paub nws zoo dua.

Keeb kwm loj hlob

Raspberry Vera (ua haujlwm lub npe hybrid daim ntawv 2-541) tau nyob rau hauv Altai Territory ntawm Siberian Tshawb Fawb Lub Chaw Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev Ua Si uas muaj npe tom qab M.A. Lisavenko los ntawm hla paub ntau yam: (Kaliningrad x Kuzmin Xov Xwm) x Barnaul. Cov ntau hom yog cov tsiaj hauv xyoo 1985, suav nrog kev tso npe ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm Lavxias Lavxias xyoo 1989, zoned nyob rau thaj tsam Central Black Earth, Volga-Vyatka thiab West Siberian cheeb tsam. Hauv lwm thaj chaw, Vera tsis tau dav, thiab hauv nws "haiv neeg qhov chaw" tsis tau siv dav.

Kev piav qhia thiab yam ntxwv ntawm raspberries Vera

Ntau yam thaum ntxov ripening. Raspberries tawg nyob rau hauv ob xyoo caum ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj, cov berries pib siav txog li ib hlis tom qab pib tawg, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli.

Lub hav zoov muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev loj hlob lub zog, ib nrab kis. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tua qhov siab yog 1.8 m. Cov kav tau tsa nrog cov ntug nkhaus, yoog raws, yooj yim khoov rau hauv av yam tsis muaj kev tawg. Cov ntaub ntawv xoos yog densely them nrog nplooj thiab ntau nyias thiab muag spikes ntawm nruab nrab ntev. Muaj peev xwm mus tua cov tsim muaj ntsis.

Raspberry bushes Vera ntawm nruab nrab qhov siab, ib nrab kis nrog erect, densely them nrog nplooj stems

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog me me thiab nruab nrab - hnyav 1.8-2.7 grams liab doog. Lawv daim ntawv no yog qhov ruam. Qhov ua plaub ua rau drupes yog qhov tsis yooj yim, uas ua rau qhov kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov txiv ntoo hauv lub sijhawm sau thiab caij tsheb. Cov khoom lag luam tsiv mus tsis tau zoo.

Cov txiv ntoo ntawm raspberry Vera yog cov khoom nruab nrab - 1.8-2.7 grams, blunt, liab doog

Lub saj yog qab zib thiab qaub, zoo tib yam, tsis muaj lub suab qab zib, tau txais tus saj ntawm qhov qhab nia ntawm 3.5 lub ntsiab lus. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom lag luam yog khoom siv.

Kev ua tau zoo yog siab (89-129 kg / his) thiab ruaj khov; 1.6-2.0 kg txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem muab tshem tawm los ntawm ib lub hav txwv yeem nrog kev saib xyuas zoo. Lub ripening ntawm berries ua rau nws muaj peev xwm sau txog kwv yees li 70% ntawm cov qoob loo thaum thawj sau.

Kev tsim tawm ntawm raspberry Vera yog siab, txog li ob phaus ib Bush, cov berries siav ua ke

Te te tsis kam yog qis, tua khov thiab xav tau vaj tse. Qhov ntau yam tsis yog drought siab ntev.

Kev ntseeg tsis ruaj khov rau xim paj yeeb. Txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau lwm cov kab mob hauv cov lus piav qhia tsis tau hais los. Kev tawm tsam tua cov kab tsib midge yog qhov loj ntxiv ntawm ntau yam, vim tias cov kab no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau rau raspberries.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam

Raspberry Vera muaj ntau qhov zoo, xws li:

• thaum ntxov ripening;
• siab tsim;
• berries tsis poob tawm ntawm bushes;
• nyias thiab mos spikes (tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog sau);
• cov yub yooj yim uas yooj yim rau qaij rau vaj tse rau lub caij ntuj no;
• tsis kam tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm tua gall midge.

Hom kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo, ntawm no yog cov npe ntawm lawv:

• tsis tshua muaj te tiv taus, fab yuav tsum muaj chaw rau lub caij ntuj no;
• tsis tiav kev kub ntxhov;
• tsis txaus siab saj zoo ntawm cov ntoo rau cov tau tshiab;
• lub cev tsis muaj zog drupes;
• tsheb thauj khoom tsis zoo;
• instability rau liab doog spotting.

Qhov tshwj xeeb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Vera raspberry yog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab thaum ntxov ua tiav, tab sis nws muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, xws li kev ua lag luam qis ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab kev tiv thaiv tsis txaus, ua Vera tsis nyiam rau cov neeg ua teb. Tej zaum lawv yuav tsis pom tias yog vim li cas los muab tso nrog nws cov shortcomings rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov zoo uas twb muaj lawm.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev cog thiab loj hlob

Raspberry Vera tsis tas yuav muaj cov cuab yeej technology tshwj xeeb thiab tau loj hlob zoo ib yam li feem ntau ntawm cov vaj txiv ntoo raspberries ntawm kev xaiv hauv tsev. Muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb thaum kev cog cov ntau yam no, tab sis koj yuav tsum paub txog lawv.

Tsaws

Thaum cog Vera ntau yam, lawv ua tau raws li cov qauv xav tau, xws li rau lwm yam raspberry. Xaiv qhov chaw tshav ntuj qhib. Cov av zoo tshaj yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig lossis lub teeb ci nrog huab cua - thiab dej-permeable qauv. Raspberries yuav tsis loj hlob ntawm acidic thiab swampy xau.

Tus txheej txheem cog qoob loo rau Vera yog xaiv nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm qhov raspberry. Yog tias cog ib qho kev cog qoob loo, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem hav zoov, muab cov ntoo tso kom deb ntawm 1-1.5 meters. Ntawm thaj chaw loj, koj tuaj yeem siv kab xev txheej txheem (60-70x1.5 m).

Hauv thaj chaw loj, txhuv nplej siab Vera cog hauv kab raws cov qauv 60-70x1,5 m

Raspberries tuaj yeem cog rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg. Cog pits yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 40x40x40 cm, lawv yog cov caij nyoog nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm humus lossis nplooj lwg nrog potassium-phosphorus chiv. Cov av puv nrog av tom qab cog yog mulched nrog cov ntaub ntawv organic.

Saib xyuas

Kev txiav ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb tua, tshem tawm ntawm qhov tua thiab garter ntawm bushes yog nqa tawm raws li niaj zaus rau raspberries, uas Dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau ob-xyoo-laus tua. Txij li thaum Vera tsis tiv taus huab cua thiab khov, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum them rau nws lub tsev rau lub caij ntuj no. Nws muaj ob peb txoj cai uas koj yuav tsum tau ua raws thaum npaj raspberries rau lub caij ntuj no:

• Cov qov tau khoov ua ntej, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho lub Cuaj Hli. Yog tias koj ua qhov no tsuas yog ua ntej te, cov yub tuaj yeem tsoo.
• Ua ntej npaj cov raspberries rau lub caij ntuj no, tag nrho cov nplooj seem uas nyob ntawm lawv yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov tua.
• Nqa ib pawg ntawm cov kav (koj tuaj yeem khi lawv) thiab khi lub pob zeb uas hnyav li tsawg 1 kg lossis lwm yam kev thauj khoom. Lwm qhov kev xaiv rau kho cov yub tuaj yeem pinning lawv nrog hooks rau hauv av lossis khi rau saum ntawm tua mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov ceg ntoo uas nyob ib sab nrog loops.
  

  Muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev los kho qhov khoov tua ntawm raspberries: khi saum cov qia mus rau hauv paus ntawm cov hav zoov sib ze lossis tus pin lawv nrog hooks rau hauv av
• Thaum loj hlob raspberries on ib trellis, koj tuaj yeem khi nws mus rau qis qis xaim, thaum qhov siab ntawm qhov nyom yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 25 cm.
• Yog hais tias winters tsis snowy, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los npog npaj tua nrog agrofibre. Ua kom zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem siv ntoo thauv lossis hlau thav duab.

Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog me ntsis snow winters, npaj bushes yog them nrog agrofiber siv thav ntawv

Raspberry Vera tsis tiv taus qhov ntuj qhuav heev thiab yuav tsum muaj cov dej noo txaus thaum lub caij cog qoob loo. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau dej rau tsob ntoo thaum lub sijhawm teeb thiab berry txhaws. Kev ywg dej tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev so dej (los ntawm qhov tso dej tawm), nrog rau pluab lossis los ntawm txoj kev txia dej. Thaum siv cov txheej txheem dej ntws los ua kua, dej xa ncaj qha rau hauv qab cov hauv paus hniav, thiab cov qia thiab cov txiv hauv lub cev qhuav. Qhov no tso cai rau koj tswj cov av uas tsim nyog noo noo thiab tib lub sijhawm zam kev tsim ib puag ncig zoo rau kev txhim kho cov kab mob fungal. Ua ntej qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias, dej npaj ua ntej lub caij ntuj no yuav tsum tau ua.

Thaum raspberries raug dej nrog ib txoj kev poob, dej nkag ncaj qha rau hauv qab keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag

Txhawm rau kom ua tau zoo, Vera yog kev lig kev cai pub 2-3 zaug hauv ib lub caij. Zoo li lwm yam raspberry, Vera xav tau nitrogen feem ntau (tab sis tsuas yog hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov). Cov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws tau pom los ntawm kev siv kua tshuaj ua kua organic nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nqaij qaib quav infusions (1 liter diluted nyob rau hauv 20 liv dej) los yog nyuj quav (1 liv ib 10 liv dej). Ua 3-5 l ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kev daws rau ib 1 m²Cov. Thaum tsis muaj cov organic chiv, urea tuaj yeem siv rau kev hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus. Thiab tseem nyob rau lub sijhawm txiav txim siab noj, potash thiab phosphorus chiv ntxiv.

Daim vis dis aus: lub tsev raspberry rau lub caij ntuj no

Kab Mob thiab Kab Tsuag

Cov lus piav qhia ntau yam tsis qhia txog qhov hnyav ntawm nws cov kev tawm tsam rau kab mob thiab kab tsuag. Yog li, feem ntau yuav ua tiav, muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntawm kev tawm tsam raspberries Vera feem ntau cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm liab doog spotting thiab lwm qhov chaw mob

Qhov ntau yam yog tus cwj pwm tsis raug rau cov xim ntshav, yog li nws tsim nyog xaiv tus kab mob no hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv. Ntshav liab vog yog ib hom mob fungal tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob hu ua Didymella applanata Sacc., Yog li tus kab mob no muaj lub npe thib ob - didimella. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tshwm sim nyob rau txhua xyoo tua ntawm cov chaw ntawm kev txuas ntawm nplooj hauv daim ntawv ntawm lilac-xim av me ntsis, uas tom qab ntawd loj hlob thiab nplhaib tag nrho cov qia. Necrosis tshwm rau ntawm nplooj, cov ceg me thiab cov txiv ntoo, uas ua rau kom ziab ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm raspberry muaj mob nrog liab doog spotting (didimella), lilac-xim av me ntsis tshwm nyob rau txhua xyoo tua

Agrotechnical tswj kev ntsuas kub npau npau kom rhuav tshem cov kab mob rhuav tshem cov nroj tsuag, kev cog qoob loo raws sij hawm, kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam. Ntawm cov tshuaj muaj kuab, txau nrog 1% Bordeaux kua hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Tom qab cov hlav ncav 20 cm, ua ntej pib tawg paj thiab tam sim ntawd tom qab nws, tooj liab chloride (3-4 g / l) lossis kua Bordeaux yog siv rau kev ua cov khoom coj ua.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis mob nrog lwm cov kab mob, cov kev coj ua hauv qab no yuav tuaj yeem txaus raws sijhawm:

• Kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub hauv paus system los ntawm kev kho tshuab kev puas tsuaj (koj tsis tuaj yeem khawb qhov tob thiab lo av hauv av).
• Loj hlob raspberries nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tsis ntau tshaj 7 xyoo. Rov qab mus rau thaj chaw qub tsis pub dhau 3-4 xyoos.
• Kev ncua sij hawm txiav thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm sterilized, puas thiab tawg tua.
• Nroj tswj.
• Siv rau kev luam dua tshiab tsuas yog cov khoom siv cog qoob loo xwb.
• Siv sijhawm tiv thaiv aphids uas xa cov kis kab mob.
• Tsis txhob cia noo noo nyob rau hauv raspberries.
• Txau cov nroj tsuag nrog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj (1% Bordeaux kua, tooj liab chloride, Khom, Abiga-ncov) thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, ua ntej pib tawg paj thiab tom qab sau.

Yees duab: yuav ua li cas nrog cov ntshav doog

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam, nws tsis kam xwb rau tua gall midge yog qhia. Feem ntau yuav, cov kab tsuag ntxiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem cuam tshuam hauv qab kev mob. Yog li, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom paub cov neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws ua ntej.

Cov lus: Cov kab tsim ua haujlwm ntawm Raspberry Vera

Cov Duab Txuas Duab: Cov Kab Yeeb Ntau Tshaj

Raspberry Vera tsis tau tham txog ntawm kev sib tham hauv lub vaj, tsis muaj kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej txog nws. Qhov ntau yog nyob deb ntawm tus qauv thiab, tej zaum, rau qhov laj thawj no tsis nrov. Tam sim no, ntau ntau yam tshiab uas tau ua kom zoo dua qub lawm bred. Tej zaum, raspberry Vera tsis tiv qhov kev sib tw nrog lawv thiab yog maj mam raug tawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab raspberry. Vera yog ib lub vaj zoo nkauj. Cov ntau yam yog cov muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw nws nyob qhov twg zoned, nws tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv txaus, nws yuav tsum tau siv zog ntau thaum kev loj hlob thiab tsis txawv hauv cov khoom lag luam zoo. Yog li no, feem ntau yuav ua, raspberry Vera twb yog keeb kwm ntawm kev xaiv hauv tsev.