Muaj ntau pab nroj tsuag, tau zoo zus zom hauv tej cheeb tsam thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv ntau lub lag luam, nyob tsis paub thiab tsis pom los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov neeg.
Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav tham txog hws, tham txog Yuav ua li cas yog no nroj tsuag, dab tsi yog nws cov kev pab thiab nta.
Safflower: kev piav qhia thiab txheeb raws roj ntsha
Safflower yog ib tsob nroj ntawm Asteraceae los yog Aster tsev neeg, feem ntau yog cov nroj tsuag txhua xyoo, safflower los yog cov tsiaj qus saffron zus hauv kev coj noj coj ua, raws li nws yog hu ua. Safflower hlob mus txog ib thiab ib nrab meters, lub nroj tsuag muaj ib tug ncaj, branched, glossy qia. Yoo oblong, teem caij, nyob rau ntawm ntug ntawm nplooj ntoos phaj - spikes. Lub paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog saturated txiv kab ntxwv los yog liab, tubular, tom qab flowering daim ntawv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-noob ntawm dawb.
Safflower yog ib qho roj zom, cov roj noob tsis zoo rau sunflower roj. Cov roj ntawm qib thib ib yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, cov qib thib ob yog siv rau kev tsim cov roj, cov roj ntsha, cov roj ntsha, cov roj ntsha. Hauv kev lag luam ua noj, cov nroj tsuag kuj yog siv los ua ib yam dab tsi zoo rau tib neeg lub cev, nrog rau kev tsim ua cov margarine thiab confectionery; cov xim yog siv hauv kev lag luam textile, rau dyeing fabrics, ua cov pua ntaub pua tsev.
Safflower yog siv hauv tshuaj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce. Zoo siv txhua feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog cov tseem ceeb. Safflower kuj yog paj ntoo. Zib ntab ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog cov khoom siv me me ua ntej. Nws muaj cov vitamins B, E, C, A, PP; enzymes thiab organic acids; proteins thiab dextrins. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm zib mu los ntawm safflower muaj xws li yuav luag tag nrho cov loj heev-thiab microelements tsim nyog rau kev ua si tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Nrog xws li ib tug loj ntawm kev nruab thiab zoo, safflower yog kiag li uncaprizable nyob rau hauv cultivation. Noob germination ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ua tau nyob rau hauv ob degrees ntawm tshav kub, cov tub ntxhais hluas tua withstand Frost txog rau degrees, uas yog, cog ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn.
Safflower ntau yam
Nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm ob peb ntau yam tsim rau loj hlob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txoj kab. Xav txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv.
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog "Tshav ntuj" - cov nroj tsuag tolerates ib lub caij qhuav zoo. Cov nroj tsuag yog 127 hnub. Nws loj tuaj mus txog 85 cm Cov paj nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm peb mus rau peb centimeters muaj ntau cov noob, tag nrho tawm ntawm ib hectare yog ib thiab ib nrab tons. Tus nqi ntawm roj cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov noob - 34%. Qhov ntau yam yog zus nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws, xws li Kazakhstan, Russia thiab Ukraine.
Safflower ntau yam "Ahram" txawv abbreviated zaub sij hawm - los ntawm 90 mus rau 120 hnub. Cov nroj tsuag yog tsawg piv rau "Sunny" safflower - 60 cm, branched, leafy, nrog ntau paj (txog li rau kaum pob baskets on ib inflorescence). Tus nroj tsuag yog lig ripening, tawm los ntawm ntau yam yog 15 centners ib hectare. Cov roj cov ntsiab lus hauv cov noob yog 35%, qhov ntau yam yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua cov roj, ntawm ib hectare tau txais txog li 300 kg ntawm roj.
Ntau yam "Beauty Stupinskaya" - ib qho cog nrog tus ceg ntoo ntawm cov ceg ntoo tsis muaj ntug; nrog lub zog taproot loj hlob txog li 20 cm tob, ces tus pas nrig ua thinner thiab nyob rau hauv dej siab mob (nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb) muaj peev xwm ncav cuag ib lub tob ntawm ob meters. Cov nplooj ntawm no ntau yam yog oval-elliptical nyob rau hauv cov duab, nrog ib tug serrated ntug thiab qaug zog spines. Lub vegetative lub sij hawm ntawm ib tug nroj tsuag yog los ntawm 105 mus rau 130 hnub. Ib qho me nyuam yaus tuaj yeem nqa mus rau nees nkaum pob tw ntawm cov paj taub nrog cov kab uas muaj txog li ntawm 3.5 cm Cov nplaum yog tubular, daj lossis txiv kab ntxwv hauv xim. Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo: dawb cov noob nrog ntom ntom, noob hnyav nce txog 51 gram. Nws yog yam ntxwv uas lub noob tsis crumble thaum ripe.
Qhov chaw nyob hauv kev sib hloov
Cultivation technology rau safflower precursors yog tilled cov qoob loo, lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav qoob loo, txhom tsoob, pob kws, pob zeb. Ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm xws li ib tug qoob loo tig cov av foom loj stocks ntawm noo noo, nws phytosanitary keeb kwm zoo dua.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob cog safflower tom qab sunflower, qab zib beet thiab fodder beet, sorghum. Cov nroj tsuag no rub tawm tag nrho cov dej noo los ntawm cov av.
Nws tsis tsim nyog yuav cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw li ob peb xyoos ua ke; ib qho rov qab tuaj rau qhov chaw zaum dhau los yog qhov tsawg kawg yog plaub xyoos tom qab. Safflower yog ib qho zoo ua ntej rau cov qoob loo lis, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj no barley thiab nplej (nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg huab cua zoo).
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev cog qoob loo yuav yog qhov chaw kawm ntawm safflower ntawm lub noob qoob-tom ntej-rau-kawg qoob loo, piv txwv li, khov - lub caij ntuj no nplej - safflower - barley; los yog ncu - lub caij ntuj no nplej - chickpea - caij nplooj ntoos hlav nplej - safflower - barley.
Av kho
Zoo kawg nkaus ua kom cov qoob loo ntawm safflower undemanding mus rau lub composition ntawm cov av. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau nws yog chernozems thiab chestnut lands, xoob sandy loams los yog loams, thaum nws tsis ntshai saline thiab cov neeg pluag av.
Rau safflower, tob tillage yog ib qho tseem ceeb, qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov cim ntawm kev sau yog tsim thaum sowing nyob rau hauv ib tug tob plowed teb. Cultivate arable thiab subsurface av txheej. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias lub tswm ciab tsis yog ntshai ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua ntej sowing sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ua tiav. Thaum sown tom qab cereals, nws yog qhov zoo rau safflower yog hais tias tom qab harvesting tus thawj, straw thiab chaff tawg nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias txheej yog sab laug nyob rau hauv lub field.
Sowing txoj kev thiab seeding nqi
Sowing safflower yuav nqa tawm ib txhij nrog grain caij nplooj ntoos hlav nroj tsuag, vim hais tias cov noob tau germinate ntawm tsawg kub. Nyob rau hauv lig sowing, noo noo theem nyob rau hauv lub Upper av txheej yuav tsis txaus rau zoo germination.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv tawm tsam tus kab mob thiab nce tawm los, noob yog pickled nyob rau hauv npaj. "Tshaj Lij" los yog "Cardon", muab cov stimulants rau cov hauv paus kev loj hlob.
Sowing yog nqa tawm ntawm ib lub tob ntawm rau 6 rau yim centimeters, nruab nrab ntawm kab tawm mus txog rau 60 cm Lub seeding nqi ntawm safflower noob yog 30-40 kg / Ha. Tus nqi yog txiav txim los ntawm tej yam kev mob ntawm cov av noo noo, nyob rau hauv cov dej siab zoo, sowing yog nqa tawm los ntawm tus siab tshaj plaws tus nqi, nrog zuj zus yam - qhov txo nqi.
Koj puas paub? Rov qab nyob rau hauv 1061, Suav tau kho lub plawv thiab cov kab mob ntshav nrog safflower. Nyob rau lub sij hawm qub, tshuab raj saus kuj tau siv los cuam tshuam cov neeg tsis muaj mob, yog li ntawd cov poj niam uas tab tom yuav ib tug me nyuam mos yuav tsum tso cov khoom kom zoo dua.
Safflower Care
Kev saib xyuas rau safflower yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov av: loosening sab saum toj txheej, thinning thiab weeding los ntawm weeds.
Mloog zoo! Clogging safflower nrog safflower yuav nce cov qoob loo los ntawm xya caum feem pua.
Safflower yuav ua tau yam tsis muaj dej rau ntev ua tsaug rau lub hauv paus universal system, loj hlob nyob deb hauv dej. Watering yog nqa tawm raws li xav tau, tsuas yog nrog ib tug ntev ntev ntawm nag lossis daus thiab ua kom ziab ntawm txheej qaum ntawm cov av.
Thaum cog qoob loo ntawm fertile xau, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txhawj txog fertilizing; yog hais tias tus av yog cov neeg pluag, nws yog zoo dua rau fertilize lawv nrog organic los yog pob zeb hauv av fertilizers, nitrogen-phosphorus-poov tshuaj chiv. Koj muaj peev xwm ua ua ntej flowering lub sij hawm, kev paub growers qhia kom fertilize cov av thaum lub sij hawm ua ua ntej sowing.
Loj hlob safflower los ntawm noob yog yooj yim, kev saib xyuas tsis yog burdensome. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog nqa tawm sowing dov, harrowing kom txog thaum thawj zaug pib tshwm thiab thaum ob los yog peb muaj zog nplooj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tua, crust yog puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv cov av saum npoo. Nroj tsuag kev kho mob tiav thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm buds.
Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab mob thiab pests ntawm safflower
Safflower tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob nram no: fusarium, xeb, septoria thiab broomrape. Qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai tus kab mob rau safflower uas tau ua puas cov qoob loo yog xeb. Tus kab mob yog fungal nyob rau hauv qhov, cuam tshuam cov tua thiab foliage roundish formations - xim av pustules. Nrog swb ntawm cov kab mob, cov qoob loo raug kho los ntawm tshuaj lom neeg txhais tau tias: Altazol, Alto Super, Acanto Plus, Alpari, Atlas.
Pests uas tawm tsam cov qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog safflower ya, weevil, aphid thiab ognevka. Kab thiab lawv cov larvae kuj tseem txaus ntshai. Cov neeg laus gnaw ntses thiab foliage, nteg qe, ntawm uas lub larvae hatch, nqus cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tsis tsuas. Safflower ya lays offspring nyob rau hauv safflower buds, lub larvae tshwm tom qab noj cov noob. Rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm kab tsuag uas siv tshuaj tua kab: "Konfidor-Maxi", "Kruiser", "Puma Super-100". Raws li ib tug tiv thaiv rau safflower, ua ntej cog, noob raug kho nrog ntau yam dressings.
Nthuav Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ntawm cov thaav Iyiv, archaeologists tau pom tias cov neeg Egyptians ancient dyed nrog mummification dressings nrog cov xim ua los ntawm cov nplaum cua daj cua dub. Raws li ntau cov lus pov thawj, cov beauties ntawm Arab lub teb chaws siv pounded petals li blush thiab mem pleev di ncauj.
Harvesting
Harvesting safflower tsis ua teeb meem, txij thaum lub noob tsis crumble thaum ripe. Lawv tuaj yeem crumble tsuas yog thaum tsis tuaj yeem tawm ntawm kev tawm ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov ntsug. Safflower harvesting pib nyob rau hauv tag nrho ripeness, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm yellow baskets thiab yellowed stems. Nyob rau tom teb, harvesting yog nqa tawm los ntawm combines thiaj li hais tias stems ntawm nroj tsuag tsis mob on lub nruas, txiav qhov siab yog nce. Noob noo thaum sau qoob yuav tsum txog 12%. Tom qab harvesting, lub noob uas ntxuav los ntawm chaff thiab qhuav.
Safflower yog ib txoj kab ke zoo nkauj tsim nyog rau kev ua lag luam. Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov chaw ntawm kev siv (tshuaj, textile thiab zaub mov kev lag luam, xim thiab cov kua roj vanish ntau lawm) safflower tseem zus tuaj yeem ua cov qoob loo, raws li cov xim ntsuab rau cov tsiaj nyeg loj thiab me.
