Muaj ib qho loj loj ntau yam ntawm apples: lub caij ntuj no, lub caij ntuj sov, Autumn, qaub, Sweet. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav pom ib qho ntawm ntau lub caij ntuj sov ntau hom - Silver Hoof apple ntoo, yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam, cov cai rau cog thiab kev tu rau tsob ntoo.
Keeb kwm ntawm kua ntoo "Silver Hoof"
Muaj ntau yam ntawm tsob ntoo ntoo "Silver Hoof" nyob hauv 1988 hauv Sverdlovsk Experimental Station los ntawm breeder Kotov Leonid Andrianovich. Qhov ntau yam yog tau los ntawm kev hla cov ntoo hauv "Snowflake" thiab "Rainbow". Apples yog cov zoo rau cov loj hlob nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thaj tsam, thiab cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm huab cua av. 
Koj puas paub? Silver Hoof apples yog suav hais tias yog tsab ntawm tsab ntawv ntawm "apples magic" los ntawm tus fairy tales peb paub. Lawv muab dov rau ntawm ib tug las ntsev nyiaj kom paub tias yuav tsum muaj txoj hmoo, pom txoj kev, lub zos, tej teb, cov dej, nrhiav tswv yim los yog cov lus teb rau cov lus nug zoo siab.
Kev piav qhia ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Apples ntawm no ntau yam yog hlub los ntawm ntau. Lawv tau loj hlob tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tsev neeg ntiag tug, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo nurseries. Cia peb xav txog vim li cas Silver Hoof kua ntoo thiab ntau yam piav qhia yog li nrov.
Silverhoof kua ntoo muaj ntau yam zoo:
- zoo tawm los;
- tsis kam ua kom poob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- lub sij hawm luv luv ripening apples;
- me ntoo hlob;
- compact crown;
- thaum ntxov ntau yam;
- lub caij ntuj no hardiness;
- zoo nkauj txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm daim ntawv tseeb;
- zoo saj;
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem thauj mus los;
- txiv apples yog tsim rau siv tshiab, thiab rau preservation, ziab, ua noj ua haus compotes, cawu cub.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Muaj suab tsis muaj teeb meem rau ntau yam. Txawm li ntawd los, nrog kev saib xyuas kev tsis zoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua me, lawv cov saj deteriorates. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntoo yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog prone scab thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo rot.
Tsob ntoo piav qhia
Tsob ntoo loj hlob ntawm medium loj. Lub crown yog round, ntom thiab compact nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tsis loj hlob dhau dav. Tsaug rau qhov no, cov ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo yuav cog ze rau txhua tus. Cov ceg yog ncaj, ncaim ntawm lub pob tw yuav luag ntawm txoj cai kaum, nyob ntawm ib sab. Lub bark ntawm lub pob tw yog ib tug xim nplua nuj xim nqaij, qhov tua yog me ntsis sib zog, nrog ib tug yellowish tinge. Bark ceg ntoo, me ntsis glossy.
Lub foliage ntawm Kua ntoo yog lub teeb ntsuab, matte, nws yog ib puag ncig thiab oval nyob rau hauv cov duab, me ntsis taw ntawm lub xaus. Cov npoo ntawm cov ntawv txheeb nrog cov ncauj lus me ntsis nce upwards. Blossoms medium thiab loj cupped inflorescences. Cov nplaum yog loj, kheej kheej thiab kheej. Cov xim ntawm paj thiab buds yog dawb. 
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Txheej
Silver Hoof apples yog heev zoo nkauj: puag ncig, tsis tu ncua zoo, tus nrog lub ci ntsa iab. Cov xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog xim liab feem ntau, qee zaum nrog ib lub txiv kab ntxwv. Feem ntau ntawm qaum xim liab qab, plooj plooj plooj ntawm daj ntseg daj, ua rau xim daj tuaj. Cov tev yog nyias, muaj ib qho zoo nkauj wax lo.
Qhov saj ntawm apples yog Sweet thiab qaub. Cov nqaij yog nplua-grained, ntom thiab heev muaj kua. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib chav tsev txawv ntawm 70 mus rau 90 g. Lub aroma ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog me heev. Noob yog me me, puag ncig, dub thiab xim av. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo zam cov tsheb thauj mus los thiab cia.
Koj puas paub? Silver Hoof kua tsob ntoo, vim nws tus yam ntxwv, yog nrov heev nyob rau hauv yug me nyuam, thiab yog feem ntau siv los yug tshiab ntau yam uas yog resistant mus rau Frost, tus kab mob thiab cov pests.
Pollination ntawm Kua ntoo "Silver Hoof"
Apple silver hoof muaj ib yam khoom hauv lub cultivation. Qhov ntau yam yog tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej-pollination. Yog li no, cov tshuaj tsw qab yuav tsum loj hlob ntawm nws. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Apple yog suav "Anis Sverdlovsk". "Dawb filling", "Zhigulevskoe", "Cowberry" yog zoo heev. Koj muaj peev xwm cog lwm yam ntau yam.
Txoj cai loj tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau xaiv cov kev xaiv ntawm tus pollinator yog tias ntau yam yuav tsum tawg thiab dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo tib lub sij hawm raws li Silver Hoof. Qhov deb ntawm lub tsob ntoo kua thiab tus pollinator yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ib mais. 
Yuav ua li cas xaiv kua seedlings thaum yuav
Yuav kom loj hlob ib qho muaj zog, tsim tsob ntoo, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom cog yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Yog hais tias koj xav ua ib puas feem pua ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv lub "purity" ntawm ntau yam thiab zoo zoo ntawm seedling, nws yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws yuav nyob rau hauv hoob zov me nyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsob ntoo yuav tsum sau nrog lub npe ntawm ntau yam, lub tuam txhab thiab nws cov hauj lwm.
Thaum xaiv ib tsob ntoo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau lub zwj ceeb ntawm keeb kwm thiab nplooj. Lub hauv paus system yuav tsum zoo tsim, branched, thiab lub keeb kwm zoo nyob. On lub keeb kwm yuav tsum tsis muaj cov cim qhia ntawm kev puas tsuaj, kev puas tsuaj rau hauv paus rot, cancer thiab lwm yam kab mob. Tsis txhob yuav seedlings nrog qaug zog, qhuav, drooping keeb kwm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum kuaj lub hauv paus system, nco ntsoov seb cov keeb kwm tuav earthy lumps. Yog hais tias lub ntiaj teb tsis tuav mus rau lawv, ces lub keeb kwm yog qaug zog los yog mob heev.
Koj kuj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam daim ntawv phaj saum toj no thiab hauv qab. Nws yuav tsum ntom, xim uas muaj xim, tsis muaj qhov, qhov quav thiab lwm yam cim qhia ntawm kab mob los yog kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kab tsuag.
Cov nplooj ntawm cov tsob ntoo kua "Silver Hoof" yog dull, lub teeb ntsuab. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ci ntsa iab, dawb Bloom, dub dots qhia tias yeej ntawm ib tug seedling nrog fungal kab mob los yog aphids. Nco ntsoov saib nyob rau hauv lub foliage - muaj peev xwm zais aphid. Tsis txhob yuav seedlings nrog qhuav, twisted, drooping nplooj ntoos. 
Cov kev cai rau cog cov noob ntoo "Silver hoof" rau ntawm qhov chaw
Yog hais tias koj muab Silver Hoof mus rau lub tsob ntoo ntoo nrog kom haum thiab kev saib xyuas, thawj zaug sau tau yuav tsum tau plaub xyoo. Thiab nyob rau hauv thib tsib los yog thib rau lub xyoo mus sau ib tug tag nrho-fledged loj qoob loo loj, zoo nkauj thiab delicious apples. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw rau kev cog thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov kev cai rau cog seedlings yuav tsum tau approached responsibly.
Cov hnub yuav tsaws thiab xaiv qhov chaw
Kua seedlings yuav cog ob qho tag nrho nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Plaub Hlis, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg - los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Cuaj hlis mus rau nruab nrab-Lub kaum hli ntuj Txawm li ntawd los, feem ntau gardeners xav feem ntau dej siab Autumn cog.
Qhov chaw rau kev tsaws yuav tsum zoo lit. Nws yog ntshaw tias qhov av theem li tob li sai tau, yog li ntawd hauv paus system ntawm tsob ntoo tsis cuam tshuam. Qhov ntau yam tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau nyob rau hauv av, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias nws yog qhov xoob thiab zoo drained. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom oxygen permeability rau hauv paus system, tiv thaiv stagnation ntawm tshaj dej thiab cov tsos ntawm fungal kab mob. Kua ntoo tsis nyiam dhau qaub av.
Koj puas paub? Yuav kom cov av ntau xoob, vaj teb, uas yuav sprinkle lub keeb kwm, muaj peev xwm yuav tov nrog sawdust los yog peat.
Nws yog pom zoo kom cog ib tug seedling sai li sai tau tom qab yuav khoom, raws li ib lub xeem kev ua si - nyob rau hauv ob peb hnub. 
Stepwise tsaws txheej txheem
Tam sim no xav li cas cog ib tsob ntoo kua, nyob rau hauv tag nrho kev nthuav dav. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum khawb ib lub qhov. Qhov dav dav yuav tsum tso cai rau tso lub seedling nrog straightened keeb kwm yam uas tsis muaj teeb meem, thiab qhov tob raws hauv paus caj dab ntawm tsob ntoo.
Nws yog pom zoo kom muab ib txheej ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm 4 kg ntawm humus, 40 g ntawm superphosphate, 20 g ntawm poov tshuaj thiab urea nyob rau hauv qab ntawm aub tsiv. Cov sib tov saum toj yog them nrog ib txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiaj li hais tias hauv paus system tsis tau txais hlawv. Lub seedling yog muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm aub tsiv thiab sprinkled nrog av on lub hauv paus caj dab. Ces cov av yog watered.
Yuav kom lub seedling tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lub cua, nws yog pom zoo rau nruab ib peg-txhawb ze nws thiab khi ib tsob ntoo rau nws.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ziab ntawm lub keeb kwm, nws yog pom zoo kom me ntsis soak lawv nrog dej. Puas thiab ntev ntev keeb kwm yuav tsum tau txiav tawm, sprinkling dub thee ntsiav tshuaj nrog hmoov.
Cov cai ntawm kev saib xyuas lub caij rau cov ntoo hauv "Silver Hoof"
Lub Kua ntoo Cov nyiaj nyiaj nrog txoj kev tu xyuas zoo thiab kev tu ncua cov sij hawm muab rau ib qho bountiful sau ntawm loj txiv apples. Kev tu rau tsob ntoo yog yooj yim, tab sis yog tias koj ua txhaum nws cov kev cai yooj yim, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum me me thiab tsis heev six, thiab lub seedling yuav ua rau ntau tus sus mob mus rau tus kab mob.
Tag nrho cov kev saib xyuas yog ob peb qho kev ua:
- raws caij dej;
- kev kho kab mob thiab kab tsuag;
- loosening cov av thiab tshem cov nroj;
- periodic fertilizer;
- pruning ceg.
Kab tsuag thiab kab mob kev kho mob
Silverhoof kua ntoo tsob ntoo yog yam ntxwv ntawm nruab nrab theem ntawm kev ua hauj rau fungal kab mob thiab kab tsuag. Qhov no ntau tshaj plaws yog feem ntau raug rau cov kab mob xws li kab xau thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Scab feem ntau nws cuam tshuam tsob ntoo vim ntau dhau noo lossis acidity ntawm cov av, dhau heev crown, ntau daim ntawv thov ntawm nitrogen chiv. Tus kab mob yog manifested los ntawm tsim ntawm xim av-ntsuab me ntsis rau ntawm nplooj, buds thiab ovaries. Thaum paub cov cim thawj zaug ntawm kev mob, tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau muab txau nrog fungicides. 
Yuav kom tiv thaiv scab, nws yog pom zoo kom tsis tu ncua cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo, luas lub mom hauv lub sij hawm thiab nphoo cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cev ntoo nrog ntoo tshauv. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg mus tsuag tshuaj tsuag nrog 7% kua txiv kab ntxwv.
Koj puas paub? Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev ntawm kev soj ntsuam nrog scab on cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo yog lawv kev kho mob nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav nrog 3% Bordeaux kua.
Yog tias lub qhov tshuaj tsis txav tawm, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum cov nplooj ntoo pib tawg, lub tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau muab cov tshuaj "Skor" tov nrog (1 lub taub hau 10 liters dej). Tom qab lub tsob ntoo kua muaj faded, nws yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib 1% daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Rot muaj peev xwm hla tau cov tsob ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo vim ntau cov av noo noo, crown thickening, kev puas tsuaj rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov noog los yog lawg. Brown me ntsis yog tsim rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cuam tshuam, uas nrog kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob cuam tshuam rau tag nrho fetus. Tsis tas li ntawd, nplooj thiab ceg ntawm ntoo tshuam muaj peev xwm pib rot. 
Thaum paub cov cim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nplooj thiab ceg yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, thiab tsob ntoo kho nrog 1% tooj liab sulfate los yog siv yeeb siv tshuaj "Kartotsid", "HOM".
Tawm tsam aphids, ib tsob ntoo kua muaj peev xwm yuav txau nrog cov txhais tau hais tias "Fitoverm". From strollers txuag kev kho mob "Karbofos", uas yog nqa tawm sai sai tom qab flowering ntawm tsob ntoo. Tiv thaiv cov caterpillars, "Biotoxibacillin" yog qhov zoo, lawv tau txau tom qab lub tsob ntoo muaj kua.
Watering ntoo
Kua ntoo tsis nyiam ib yam nkaus thiab moist av. Thawj tshaj dej watering tas nqa tawm tom qab cog lub seedling. Tom qab ntawd tsob ntoo yog dej tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm ntev heev ntawm drought. Nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj li niaj zaus tus nqi ntawm noo noo lub nroj xav tau thaum lub sij hawm flowering thiab fruiting. Tom qab sau yog sau, watering yog txo kom tsawg li.
Fertilization
Thawj fertilization yog nqa tawm thaum cog lub seedling. Tom qab ntawd pub mis yog pom zoo rau qhov thib ob lub xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo. Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis, ib qho ntawm cov chiv yog thov mus rau av:
- 0, 5 kg ntawm urea;
- 30 g ntawm ammonium nitrate;
- humus thoob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Chiv yuav tsum tsis txhob hos ze ntawm lub cev, tab sis raws li cov yas ntawm lub kaum tsev.
Thaum lub sij hawm flowering, Kua ntoo yog pub nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm 100 g ntawm superphosphate thiab 60 g ntawm poov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab Autumn nws yog tseem ceeb rau noj apples nrog ntsev thiab potash chiv. Qhov no yuav txhim kho lawv lub zog mus rau lub caij ntuj no Frost. Koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim thaum thov nitrogen chiv raws li cov ntoo hauv cov ntoo. Cov sib tov yuav tsum zoo diluted nrog dej thiaj li tsis mus hlawv lub keeb kwm. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau pub mis tshaj.
Av mulching
Mulching yuav muab tso rau ntawm qhov saum npoo ntawm cov av sawdust, bark, straw, qhuav foliage. Mulching retain moisture nyob rau hauv cov av, tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm weeds, paus paus paus kev puas tsuaj, tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm los ntawm overheating los yog khov.
Cov av yog mulched nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn tom qab uas tau raug muab tshem tawm, cov av tau raug loosened thiab chiv thov. Mulch yog pw tawm ntawm lub pob tw mus rau lub dav ntawm crown nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntawm 10 cm. Mulch av yog watered tsawg, tab sis ntau tshaj.
Qhuav nplooj yuav tsum tau mulched heev kom zoo zoo. Xyuas kom lawv tsis kis tus kab mob. Yog hais tias tsis ntseeg, nws yog pom zoo kom kho lub mulch nrog urea.
Pruning
Cov ceg yog pruned nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog Autumn, tom qab tsob ntoo muaj tag otlodoneos thiab pov tawm foliage. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau tshem tag nrho cov cuam tshuam, puas ceg. Los txhim kho fruiting, nws yog pom zoo kom prune kua ntoo raws li lub Bush qauv: tawm ob peb lub ntsiab tua thiab sab ceg. Lub crown nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug Bush yuav ua rau kom nkag mus ntawm ntau npaum li cas ntawm tshav ntuj thiab zoo qhov cua. 
Yuav kom tsis txhob puas tsob ntoo, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas rau lub tsob ntoo kua. Txiav ntawm ib lub kaum los ntawm pob tw los yog ceg ntoo loj. Yog hais tias tus txheej txheem yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj, pruning yog ua tau tsuas yog ua ntej lub sij hawm ntawm active txav ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog qia. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo yuav tsum tau pruned ntau zaus thiab ntau dua. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws daim ntawv rau lawv yog sparse crown thiab ob peb tiers ntawm ceg.
Koj puas paub? Yog hais tias koj ntub cov chaw ntawm cov kev txiav ntawm cov ceg loj nrog mastic rau teb, nws yuav tiv thaiv cov tawm ntawm kua txiv thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb los ntawm cov ceg. Xws li ib tsob ntoo yuav rov qab los ntawm txoj kab kom zoo dua.
Harvesting thiab cia ntawm cov qoob loo
Apples pib ripen nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-lig Lub yim hli ntuj, nyob ntawm seb climatic mob. Yog hais tias koj overdo lawv nyob rau ceg, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog poured ntau, tab sis lawv saj deteriorates. Nrog khaws cia, apples khaws saj rau txog 2-3 lub hlis.
Qhov kev cia siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev nyab xeeb:
- 90-95% av noo;
- kub ntawm 0 mus rau -2 ° C;
- kev siv ntoo ntim;
- Khaws rau hauv qhov chaw zoo.
