Ntau yam ntawm peb nyiam thiab nquag yuav cov noob ntoo noob hnyav, uas hnub no tuaj yeem pom hauv khw. Tab sis yog vim li cas khib nyiaj yog tias sowing sunflower noob yog ua tau rau txhua tus dacha? Qhov no yog ib txoj kev yooj yim, thiab rau nws txoj kev siv nws tsis tas yuav muaj kev txawj tshwj xeeb, kev paub ntau txaus.
Botanical piav qhia ntawm sunflower
Thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xws li ib tug cog nroj tsuag raws li ib tug sunflower tshwm nyob ib ncig ntawm 3000 BC. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb pom ua pov thawj tias cov nroj tsuag no tau ntim ntawm North American Indians, txawm ua ntej cov nplej. Thaum xub thawj, nws ntseeg tias nws keeb kwm tau txuas nrog ob qho chaw sib txawv ib zaug, tab sis sij hawm dhau los, cov noob caj noob ces tuaj rau txoj kev txiav txim siab hais tias feem ntau sab hnub tuaj hauv teb chaws Asmesliskas, uas yog Mississippi River Valley, tseem yog qhov chaw yug ntawm paj noob hlis.
Qhov no txhua xyoo (tsawg dua ib xyoos twg) cog qoob loo ntawm qhov siab txog 2-4 meters thiab muaj ib tug zoo-tsim taproot nrog sib ceg keeb kwm (lawv muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv av mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 2-3 m).
Qhov ntxhib qia yog them nrog cov plaub hau tawv nqaij, thiab sab hauv nws muaj ib tug spongy core. Sunflower nplooj, nyob rau ntev petioles, txawv jagged sawv thiab densely pubescent nplooj plaub mos mos.
Nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub stems yog inflorescences (nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm baskets), uas nws lub cheeb ncav cuag 15-45 cm. Muaj ntau paj nyob rau hauv lub txee rau hauv voj voog. Saib ntawm lub paj noob hlis thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau twv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm seb nws yog ib tug flowering nroj tsuag los yog tsis, vim hais tias ci ci paj yog pom deb deb dhau lub vaj.
Sunflower yog ib hom khaub lig-pollinated nroj tsuag, tus txheej txheem ntawm pollination uas tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm kab. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm achenes nrog ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsho ntawm ib tug woody hom. Hauv cov noob, muaj ib lub keeb, nrog lub plhaub (nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws yog them nrog epidermis thiab pleev xim rau hauv dawb, dub, grey, xim av, dub thiab ntshav thiab lwm yam xim).
Sunflower yog sib npaug resistant rau ob qho tag nrho ib tug txo nyob rau hauv kub thiab drought, thiab lub noob pib germinate twb nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm + 3-4 ° C. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua zam frosts txog -5 ° C, tab sis nyob rau theem kawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag, frosts cia rau -3 ° C muaj peev xwm ua kom puas tsob nroj. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm sunflower yog + 20-30 ° C, uas yog ib qho tseem ntawm cov kab lis kev cai no. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub siab tshaj 30 ° C, tus cog yuav tsis tuaj yeem saib xyuas koj nrog kev noj qab haus huv thiab zoo nkauj. 
Ib txhia gardeners xav nyob rau hauv uas tsev neeg lub sunflower belongs rau, tab sis nws teej tug mus rau asteraceae yog tsis zoo li mus pab nyob rau hauv cultivation. Ua kom tau siab tshaj plaws tawm los, koj yuav tsum paub txog tag nrho cov nta thiab cov khoom cua ntawm cog thiab tu cov kab ke kev cai.
Ntaus loj hlob paj noob hlis, qhov twg hnub poob paj zoo tshaj plaws
Sunflower noob yog sown nyob rau hauv av sai li sai tau nws warms li + 13-16 ° C, xaiv rau qhov chaw uas yuav zoo tshaj plaws tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm cov kab lis kev cai. Hauv qhov teeb meem no, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ua si los ntawm kev teeb pom kev zoo, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua ntsawj thiab lub hauv paus ntawm cov av, uas yuav muab tham ntxiv.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm teeb rau loj hlob sunflower
Lub paj noob hlis yog ib lub tshav puam tsuaj heev (raws li nws lub npe siv tau), tab sis tib lub sij hawm nws tsis ua kom muaj zog cua. Yog li ntawd, xaiv ib qho chaw rau cog, nws yog qhov zoo dua mus saib nyob rau sab qaum teb ib feem ntawm koj lub vaj. Nws kuj tseem raug pom zoo kom muab cov noob nroj hauv qab hauv lub laj kab, lub tsev lossis cov ntoo khov khov kho, uas lawv yuav tsis khi lwm yam nroj tsuag, tab sis tib lub sij hawm yuav muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau lub hnub lub hnub ci.
Koj puas paub? Lub paj noob hlis muaj ib qho tseem ceeb heev: nws lub taub hau, qia thiab cov nplooj yog tig mus rau lub hnub txhua hnub. Ib tug zoo xws li tshwm sim tau hu ua helionation, tab sis tom qab kawg ntawm lub flowering lub sij hawm, qhov no muaj peev xwm ploj.
Cov av rau sunflower
Lub paj noob hlis kuj ua rau nws xav tau nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ntawm cov av nyob rau hauv uas nws yog sown. Yog li, yuav kom sau qoob loos zoo, koj yuav tsum tau cov av av, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov av zoo tshaj plaws rau thaj av nrog nruab nrab ntawm cov av nplaum hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov khoom txaus hauv qab. Nws yog zoo dua tsis cog paj noob hlis ntawm acidic, swampy thiab dhau salty av. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cog cov qoob loo hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov khoom noj (peas, taum pauv los yog taum), txiv lws suav los yog qab zib beet twb tau cog qoob loo, tab sis cov av tom qab cov qoob loo thiab cov pob ze yuav haum zoo nkaus li.
Tsis txhob cog paj noob hlis ob xyoo rau tib qhov chaw, raws li cov nroj tsuag hauv ib xyoo sucks cov nyiaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam tsim nyog cov zaub mov hauv av, uas txhais tau hais tias lwm xyoo lwm cov noob qoob loo yuav tsis txais lawv. Lub sij hawm qib siab ntawm ib so yog 3-4 xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li "respite" yuav tau tshem ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob ntawm sunflower, lub pathogens ntawm uas zoo khaws cai nyob rau hauv hauv av tag nrho cov caij ntuj no.
Ib cov kua dej zoo ntawm cov av yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj kev sib koom hauv qhov chaw xaiv, vim hais tias txawm tias cov paj noob hlis yog cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj zog, tsuas yog qhov uas yuav ua rau lawv raug dej nyab. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem tsim ib qho yooj yim los yog tsa ceg ntoo, ua ntawm plaub caws plaub txhiab boards.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Muab piv rau lwm hom ntoo, cedar planks yog cov ntau dua, vim lawv tsis rot thaum sib txuas nrog dej.
Cov kev cai rau cog paj noob hlis hauv lub vaj
Ntxiv rau qhov kev xaiv qhov chaw rau kev loj hlob paj noob hlis, ib qho tseem ceeb sib luag ntawm kev lag luam yog ua si los ntawm kev npaj thiab cog cov noob hauv av. Muaj tseeb txhua tus vaj ntxwv siv nws txoj kev tshwj xeeb los ua qhov kev ua no, tiam sis peb yuav qhia koj txog qhov feem ntau.
Noob npaj rau cog
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw twg qhov twg paj noob qes yog zus, nws cov noob yog pre-pickled thiab txhim kho. Yuav kom khaws tau lub noob zoo, koj yuav tsum muaj kev pabcuam pejxeem zoo, uas yuav luag 100% guarantee, yuav tshem tau cov kabmob phem.
Ua rau nws, noj dos tev thiab qej (li 100 g), ces hla lub tom kawg ntawm ib tug nqaij grinder thiab sib tov cov gruel nrog lwm muaj. Qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau nchuav dua li ob lub khob ntawm cov dej npau npau thiab sab laug mus rau infuse rau 24 teev. Tom qab lub sij hawm no, lub Txoj kev lis ntshav yog lim los ntawm cheesecloth thiab sunflower noob raug muab tso rau hauv nws, tawm hauv nws dhau ib hmo. Hnub tom qab, qhov kho cov noob yuav cog tau hauv av.
Xws li cov noob khoom ua ntej cog thaum xub thawj yuav thim tawm nas thiab lwm yam kab tsuag uas tsis muaj averse noj cov noob.
Ib txhia gardeners tsis cia siab rau cov neeg txhais tau tias, tso siab ntau rau cov txiaj ntsim ntawm kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no. Tab sis yuav ua li cas xa paj noob hlis ua ntej sowing nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no? Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov fungicides, thiab cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab muaj xws li "Maxim KS" thiab "Apron Gold", uas tiv thaiv cov noob los ntawm ntau cov kab mob (kev kho ntxiv yuav tsuas yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab tua kab). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm av kis los ntawm pests, insecticides, xws li Kruiser thiab Force SC, yog zoo tagnrho rau kev kho cov noob.
Sowing cog khoom
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov zoo npaj ntawm cov noob rau cog, koj yuav tsum tau to taub li cas zoo tshaj plaws los mus sow sunflower. Ua ntej tshaj, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov nroj tsuag tau piav txog kev nyiam ua tawg thiab lub teeb lub ntiaj tebthiab, yog li ntawd, ua rau cov av nyob hauv ib lub paj noob hlis yuav ua kom nws loosening nrog ib pob zeb los yog tes.
Tom qab ua tiav txoj kev no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau khawb qhov ob peb centimeters sib sib zog nqus, ua kom nrug ntawm 10-45 cm ntawm lawv (cov nuj nqis pes tsawg seb nyob ntawm hom paj noob hlis). Koj tuaj yeem ua ib qhov nyob hauv av nrog koj ob txhais tes, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo uas siv lub tshuab raj me me rau qhov laj thawj no. 
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum nroj tsuag yog cog nyob rau hauv ib kab, qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsawg tshaj li 30 cm, vim hais tias rau ib tug zoo thiab ceev kev loj hlob ntawm sunflowers lawv xav tau ntau ntawm qhov chaw.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum cog cov nroj tsuag loj loj, koj yuav tsum tawm txog 45 cm ntawm cov noob, 30 cm yuav txaus rau nruab nrab sunflowers.Nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw pw tawm ob peb noob, tom qab uas lawv them nrog lub ntiaj teb. Koj tuaj yeem tau cog cov noob qoob loo sib txawv ntawm ob peb lub lis piam, uas yuav cia koj tau qoob loo rau ntau lub caij ntuj sov. Txij thaum paj noob hlis yog txhua xyoo cov nroj tsuag thiab tsuas yog Bloom ib xyoos ib zaug, li no koj tuaj yeem ntev lub sijhawm no.
Tom qab cog noob nyob rau hauv hauv av nws yog tseem ceeb los ntxiv ib me me txheej ntawm fertilizer. Rau qhov no, organic teeb meem yog zoo haum, uas yog tsuas yog tawg thoob plaws hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav pab tau thiab ib txheej ntawm mulch, uas yuav pab kom lub av drained thiab txuag nws los ntawm cov dej nkag.
Tom qab fertilizer daim ntawv thov thiab mulching ntawm cov av, tag nrho cov uas tseem yog kom huv si tag nrho cov dej thiab kom paub tseeb tias cov noob tseem tsis submerged.
Nta ntawm sunflower kev kho mob nyob rau hauv lub vaj
Thaum lub technology ntawm kev npaj cov noob thiab sowing sunflower yog twb meej, peb muaj peev xwm tham txog kev saib xyuas ntxiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom them nyiaj rau dej, fertilizing thiab tillage thaum tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.
Watering
Sunflower yuav tsum tau watered txhua txhua hnub, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias nws paus system yog heev tsim thiab absorbs ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm noo noo. Feem ntau, cov nroj tsuag no tau ywg dej ib zaug ib hnub, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhuav lub caij, cov naj npawb ntawm cov kua txhua hnub yog nce mus rau ob los yog peb zaug. Yog hais tias huab cua kub tshaj + 30 ° C, ces cov nroj tsuag muaj dej zoo li cov kua qaub tshaj. Tib lub sijhawm, dej stagnation yog tsis tsim nyog.
Tsis tu ncua thiab txaus watering nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm sunflower cov qoob loo yuav ua rau lawv ntau flowering nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov.
Fertilizer
Raws li rau fertilizing nroj tsuag, lub sunflower yog ntau tsim fertilizers, uas muaj phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj. Nws yog undesirable mus pub lub seedlings nrog manure, raws li nyob rau hauv organics muaj ntau ntawm nitrogen. Cov tshuaj no tsis zoo li ob lub paj noob hlis lawv tus kheej thiab cov bees pollinating lub paj. Cov kab mob ua haujlwm zoo dua tuaj rau cov kab mob potassium-phosphate compounds, thiab qhov zoo dua cov nroj tsuag muaj pollinated, qhov ntau tshaj qhov koj yuav tsum tau txais kom muaj kev sib txig. Thawj fertilizer rau sunflower yog thov thaum sowing, thiab so yog ua tom qab watering los yog weeding lub seedlings.
Koj puas paub? Yuav kom sau ib tuj ntawm qoob loo, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau txog 60 kg ntawm nitrogen, 27 kg ntawm phosphorus thiab 150 kg ntawm poov tshuaj.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom to taub hais tias cov noob daim ntawv thov ntawm chiv nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm sunflower plays ib tug tseem ceeb heev lub luag hauj lwm thiab cuam tshuam nws ntxiv kev loj hlob.
Ua kom tiav chiv (nitroammofosku) nyob rau hauv qhov ratio ntawm 1 kg / Ha ntawm lub cev loj feem ntau siv raws li tsim nyog chiv. Txawm li cas los, chiv tsis tau thov ncaj qha mus rau qhov dej los yog lub txaj, txij li thaum lawv cov me me koob tshuaj yuav txo tau cov noob germination (nws yog qhov zoo dua rau tawg tawm ntawm lub sab). Ua ntej sowing sunflower, ib qho me me ntawm ammophos los yog superphosphate (1 kg / ha ntawm muaj khoom xyaw) tuaj yeem siv rau cov av.
Av kho
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev kho mob ntawm cov av ua ntej sowing sunflower. Txij li thaum cov nroj tsuag hlob zoo dua nyob rau hauv xoob av, cov av yuav tsum tau npaj kom zoo tom qab cov neeg tuav khoom. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev ntawm cultivation nyob ntawm nws hom, qhov ratio ntawm cov qoob loo nyob rau hauv cov qoob loo tig, huab cua puag thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cheeb tsam, thiab raws li lub prevailing daim ntawv ntawm cov organic chiv. Xav txog tej yam zoo li no, ob qho tib si kev kho pa av nrog ib lub plough thiab preservative kev kho tsis muaj plow, tab sis nrog loosening, yuav ua tau.
Tsim kom muaj kev pom av av rau cov paj noob hlis sowing pib rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab muab rau kev ua tiav ntawm lub pob zeb ntawm nws tus thawj ntawm. Tag nrho cov uas tseem tshuav tom qab sau qoob loo dhau los (straw thiab stubble), yuav tsum tau zoo crushed thiab kos rau hauv av mus rau ib qhov tob ntawm 5-10 cm, uas yuav muab tag nrho cov kev mob rau decomposition ntawm no seem ua ntej pib lub caij ntuj no.
Tom qab sowing qoob loo nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub txaj nrog sunflowers yuav tsum tau weeded tsis tu ncua, txuag lawv los ntawm hnyav weedy zej zog. Hilling ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis yog yuav tsum tau.
Cov kab mob loj thiab kab tsuag ntawm sunflower
Thaum loj hlob paj hnub poob koj yuav tau muaj ntsej muag zoo li tsis kaj siab zoo li kab thiab nroj tsuag kab mob. Txawm tias muaj qhov tseeb tias cov paj ntoo tsis yog rau cov nyiam kab lis kev cai ntawm cov pests, lub npauj txho feem ntau txaus qe qe rau lawv. Txhawm rau tshem ntawm no teeb meem, nws yog txaus kom tshem tawm me me worms los ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Lub cottonworm tseem yog ib qho txaus ntshai rau lub hnub poob, uas, pub rau nws cov kua txiv, tsis tsuas yog inhibits qhov kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai, tab sis kuj ua nws yooj yim mus rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis nco qab txog qhov raug tua nroj tsuag nrog sunflower moth, tso qe ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub baskets ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub caterpillars uas tau tawm los ntawm lawv raug coj mus noj qhov chaw ntawm lub paj thiab, gnawing los ntawm lub tsho tiv no cov noob, noj lawv tawm ntawm sab hauv.
Ntawm cov feem ntau cov kab mob ntawm sunflower xav tau xaiv dawb thiab grey rot. 
Hauv thawj rooj plaub, sai sai kis cov kab ntub tsaus nti pom nyob rau sab hauv lub baskets, thiab nyob rau hauv ob rooj plaub chaw xim av tiv thaiv nrog grayish Bloom tshwm rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws kuj tsis tuaj yeem tsis pom zoo fomopsis - ib hom kab mob uas tsaus nti los yog grayish me ntsis nrog lub teeb ci tshwm rau ntawm nplooj qis thiab cov phom plhaw mildew (muaj cov cim zoo ntawm cov kab mob hu ua fungus ua rau sab hauv qab ntawm qhov nplooj, thaum greenish tints tshwm rau sab sauv ).
Tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov teeb meem no yuav pab tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lwm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb, kom paub tias hnub no tsis yog qhov teeb meem.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov kab tsim kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim ntawm cov av qis thiab sov huab cua, thiab kab tsuag kis thaum cov qoob loo tseem nyob tom teb tom qab sau qoob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov cai ntawm pre-sowing tillage thiab qoob loo kev saib xyuas.
Sunflower: sau
Ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau cultivation ntawm sunflower, cov sau ntawm nws cov noob yog lub feem ntau nyuaj thiab lub sij hawm-siv tus txheej txheem, vim hais tias tsis yooj yim li cas no qoob loo yuav zoo li, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob yuav tsuas crumble.
Kev pib thaum pib tag nrho cov qoob loo tsis muaj ntau tshaj 12-15% sunflowers nrog cov xim daj daj los sis daj daj, thaum tus so yog xim av thiab ziab. Nroj tsuag yuav tsum ua kom tiav 6-7 hnub ua ntej cov noob ncav cuag 7-8% noo noo. 
Qhuav thiab darkened noob raug txiav nrog lub taub hau nrog ib tug ntse riam. Yuav kom qhuav lub sunflower, nws yog txiav mus rau hauv ob qhov chaw thiab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug qhuav, zoo-ventilated chav, tom qab uas koj muaj peev xwm xaiv noob los ntawm baskets. Ua kom cov noob txawm tastier, cia li muab lawv rau hmo dhau los hauv cov ntsev dej, ces qhuav thiab kib hauv qhov cub ntawm qhov kub tsis txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab hle cov noob los ntawm cov baskets, koj tuaj yeem qhuav lawv, nthuav tawm lawv tawm hauv ib txheej thiab tawm hauv lawv cia rau 8-10 hnub (lawv cov av noo yuav tsis pub tshaj 10%). Khaws cov noob yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw txias thiab qhuav, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav pib saj cov ntsim.
Feem ntau, lub paj noob hlis yog ib qho yooj yim-rau-loj hlob qoob loo, thiab muab qhov kev piav qhia ntawm nws cov tsos, xws li "paj ntawm lub hnub" yuav tsis tsuas thov koj nrog cua noob, tab sis kuj decorate lub vaj.
