Sab hauv violet (Saintpaulia) - lub genus ntawm cov paj ntoo thoob plaws sawv cev hauv tsev floriculture, belongs rau Tsev Neeg Gesneriev. Teb - Uzambar roob. Cov chaw muag khoom raug faib cheeb tsam ntawm East Africa, nrog huab cua noo thiab sov. Lwm lub npe yog Neeg Asmeskas violet.
Cov paj no tau muab npe hu ua Uzambara violet vim tias nws zoo ib yam li violu tiag, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yog nyob deb ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm tsev neeg Violet, loj hlob hauv huab cua sov.
Kev piav qhia ntawm Saintpaulia
Lub genus yog sawv cev los ntawm stunted evergreen perennial herbaceous bushes.
Lawv muaj qhov ua hauv paus loj ntawm lub hauv paus fibrous, fleshy qia, yoojyim khaws sau nrawm hauv rosette ntawm lub hauv paus. Cov no yog lawv cov nta tshwj xeeb, tab sis txwv tsis pub cov tsiaj muaj ntau haiv neeg. Txawv:
- Xim: cov duab - limbic (pansies), kev npau suav, cov hnub qub zoo li tus duab puab, chimeras; tej nplaim - yooj yim (5 nplaim), scallop (ntxiv rau 5 qhov yooj yim, muaj cov tsis paub tab ntxiv), ib nrab ob (7-8), ob npaug (ntau dua 10), cloves (ntau dua 10, tab sis loj dua); khoom, ntau yam xim.
- Nplooj: cov duab - puag ncig, oval, elongated, nrog ntug du lossis serrated; xim - los ntawm tsaus ntsuab mus rau lub teeb ntsuab, dawb thiab variegated.
- Qhov hluav taws xob: micromini (diam 8 cm), mini (12-15 cm), ib nrab (me dua 20 cm), tus qauv (20 txog 40 cm).
Hom Saintpaulia (Neeg Asmeskas Dub)
Ntau hom tau muab faib ua hom raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv:
Paj ntawv hom Tej nplaim paj | Qib | Nplooj | Paj ntsaim |
Laj Tsawb Tsib-petalled. Ob qhov me me thiab peb qhov loj dua. | Lienz Pirates Cov Khoom Muaj nqis | Burgundy oval nrog npuas qauv. | Ci ci ntsa iab, raws ntug ntawm cov dav dav raspberry zoo ib yam li ib qho chaw nkaum. |
| Cinderella npau suav | Maim ntsuab wavy. | Lub teeb liab nrog liab-violet corrugated ciam teb. Cov nplaim sab saud yog cov me dua thiab tsaus dua. | |
| Melody Kimi | Nyom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub plawv. | Yooj yim dawb, lub Upper ob lub petals yog xiav, tus so yog me ntsis hmoov nrog cov xim no nyob ib ncig ntawm ntug. | |
Lub Hnub Qub Kev cim, tusyees spaced nyob ib ncig ntawm lub chaw. | Kev Lub Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej | Yooj yim oval taw qhia. Ntsuab, nrog tus liab liab rov qab. | Ordinary thiab semi-ob lub paj yeeb, fuchsia ntug. |
| Vaj- tswv Kev Zoo Nkauj | Ntxawg ntxoov ntxoo. | Terry, liab doog-violet. | |
| Khawv koob kev hlub | Ntsuab muag ntsuab. | Zoo li loj dua ob chav av terry beetroot pompons nrog cov ciam teb dawb. | |
| Tub huabtais dub | Cov kab tho tsaus nrog xim liab sab hauv. | Burgundy loj, zoo ib yam li peony. | |
| Rosemary | Tsaus Jagged. | Corrugated liab nrog xiav txaws. | |
| Marshmallows | Lub teeb ntsuab. | Zoo li cov khoom qab zib ntawm tib lub npe nrog cov cwj nrag liab. | |
| Austins luag | Tsaus oval. | Coral nrog raspberry edging. | |
Tswb Fused ntawm lub hauv paus, tsis txhob qhib siab thiab ua zoo ib yam li cov paj ntawm tib lub npe. | Qhuas | Lub plawv zoo li tus nrog ntshav ciam teb. | Pob kws laim xiav xiav. |
| Ci ntsa nrov | Ntsuab puag ncig. | Xiav npau suav. | |
| Hiav txwv hma | Nqaij tsaus nti. | Xiav Terry. | |
| Chanson | Glossy fwj xim. | Velvety xiav nrog liab doog cwj nrag. | |
| Robs Dandy Lyon | Xim ntawm nyom nrog motley edging. | Cream thiab lub teeb ntsuab. Zoo li nthwv dej daus. | |
Lub tais Khaws tas daim ntawv uas muab lub npe rau hom no. | Boo Cov Txiv Neej | Qaim dub tsaus elongated lub voj voog. | Menyuam xiav xiav, qaum xim dawb. |
| Nkauj Hmoob Ming | Laim ntaj motley. | Daus-dawb corrugated nrog tus paj yeeb los yog lilac ciam teb. | |
Khib Sib cais. Ob qho nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlab me, peb - dai lawm elongated. | Lunar Lily Dawb | Quilted lub teeb ntsuab. | Dawb. |
| Zemfira | Nyom pem thiab burgundy hauv qab, xim chaw. | Lilac, xws li daim tiab fluttering. | |
| Lub Satellite | Cais cais. | Liab-violet. |
Cov hom nrov hauv tsev violet hauv qab no yog sawv cev los ntawm cov qauv xim:
| Xim hom | Qib | Nplooj | Paj ntsaim |
| Khoom | Xiav Nkauj Ntsuab Nraug Nab | Rho tawv, qhwv rau hauv hnab. | Xiav. Cov duab ntawm tej nplaim hais txog cov nkawj. |
| Gillian | Vauv suav ntsuab. | Dawb, loj, nyiam ntaub plaub. | |
| Ob-suab | Marie Sylvia | Oval, dawb. | Lub teeb ntsuab nrog cov xim tsaus dua. Yooj Yim. |
| Rum ntaus | Tshauv lub hnub qub liab qab. Semi-terry thiab Terry. | ||
Ob thiab multicolor Txawv hauv lub npoo ntau ntau ntim rau cov xim tseem ceeb. | Dej thooj nyab | Tsaus nrog ib rab ntab ntug. | Bluish nrog sib piv xiav corrugated sawb. |
| Hla lub iav ntsia (Lukin iav) | Nyom nrog cov xim xim av. | Lub teeb liab ntsuab ib nrab ob zaug, ib txoj xov nyias ntawm raspberry-fuchsian Hawj txawm thiab dawb-ntsuab, khiav raws ntug. |
Cov npoo ntawm cov nplaim paj ntawm ntau ntau yam ntawm senpolia tuaj yeem ua laim ntoom, zoo nkauj, xis (limbic).
Koj tuaj yeem hais tawm ntau ntau hom qub uas muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv:
| Hom | Qib | Nplooj | Paj ntsaim |
| Ntug | Cua sawv | Laim ntoom cov xim zoo nkauj. | Paj yeeb daj, rau ntawm ntug cov xim tuab thiab thaum xaus nws ua raspberry, nyob rau qee qhov chaw nrog ntsuab tint, nyiam ntau heev li roses. |
| Natalis Estravagante | Variegated nrog lub teeb xim av stains ntawm cov npoo. | Dawb thiab paj yeeb lace, tus ciam teb yuav tsaus dua rau chocolate. | |
| Zoo nkauj creole | Ntsuab lwg ntawm ib daim phiaj burgundy. | Cov hnub qub tsaus nti uas yooj yim nrog lub daus-dawb nyias edging. | |
| Macho | Yooj yim oval emerald nrog cov plaub me me raws ntug. | Maroon-purple lub hnub qub-puab, framed los ntawm lub teeb sib piv cov hlua. | |
| Niaj Hnub Hais Lus | Lub teeb ntsuab tiaj. | Dawb pansies, ciam teb paj yeeb-violet nrog xiav tawm. | |
| Ntiv tes xim | Ice Crimson (Raspberry Ice) | Ntsuab nrog burgundy petioles. | Pinkish. On peb petals, raspberry-liab strokes. |
| Yav Qab Teb Caij Nplooj Hlav | Dawb nrog qhov chaotic me ntsis ntawm burgundy xim los ntawm lub teeb rau yuav luag dub suab nrov. | ||
Chimeras Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv kab txaij diverging los ntawm lub chaw raws cov nplaim paj. | Saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv | Tsaus ntsuab nrog burgundy stems. | Paj yeeb nrog cov lilac ribbons los ntawm qhov chaw thiab sib nrug nrog tib xim. |
| Huab tais Sabrina | Ntshav nrog cov neeg coob ntawm cov nplaim paj, cov kab txaij ntshav sawv tawm hauv nruab nrab. | ||
Kev npau suav Kev tha xim nrog kev tawm tsam thiab cov xim ntawm cov xim sib txawv. | Chimpanzee | Laim ntas kab tho. | Paj yeeb nrog cov npoo dawb thiab xiav txaws. |
| Liv Waye | Ntsuab yooj yim. | Lub hnub qub Coral nrog cov sib faib tawg xiav-violet. | |
| Yeeb Yaj | Ramblin Dots | Cov xim daj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nyom. | Lub hnub qub lavender nrog lub teeb liab zoo nkauj ua qauv zoo nkauj. |
| Folin los daus | Me me, taw ntsej muag kab npoo, yooj yim. | Ntau ntau me me daus-dawb, nkhaus-puab. | |
| Variegated | Pauline Viardot | Lub teeb liab npoo ntawm ntau qhov dav. | Semi-Terry caw xim nrog xim dawb. |
Cov lus qhia rau xaiv chav violet thiab nws yoog
Thaum muas lub senpolia, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no:
- Tus nroj tsuag yuav tsum cog rau hauv huab cua hauv cheeb tsam, tsis pub dhau ib xyoos.
- Tus soj caum yog ywj, cov ntawv ci ntawm cov xim uas muaj xim, tsis muaj yellowing thiab cov kab ntawm ntog.
- Qhov ua kom sib haum thiab qhov ntuag ntawm qhov hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb.
- Cov av yam tsis muaj whitish deposit.
Txhawm rau ua kom zoo dua qub, cov nroj tsuag hauv chav tsev ua raws li txoj cai:
- Nws yog kho nrog fungicide (Maxim). Txau, tawm rau 20 feeb thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam ntxuav nrog ib daim txhuam cev damp. Lub khob dej qis yog dej nrog tshuaj tua kab (Actara).
- Lawv muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw deb ntawm lwm cov nroj tsuag rau ib nrab lub hlis. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws yog lub thoob dej ntses thoob dej, uas tau them nrog cov khoom siv pob tshab (iav, zaj duab xis). So cov roj av kom qhuav txhua hnub.
- Tom qab quarantine, hloov cov nroj tsuag.
Senpolia zov hauv tsev
Yuav luag txhua hom ntawm Saintpaulia yuav tsum muaj tib qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev raug kaw, tshwj tsis yog ntawm fantasy violets thiab chimeras.
Cog thiab loj hlob lawv yog qhov nyuaj heev.
| Qhov Ntsuas | Nroj tsuag lub sijhawm | Lub caij ntuj no |
| Qhov chaw / teeb pom kev zoo | Hnub poob lossis sab hnub tuaj qhov rai. Rau ib qho ntau txawm tias faib tawm ntawm lub teeb, lub paj yog tas li tig, ntxiv illumination yog siv. Cov ntawv txias thiab lub hnub ncaj qha yog qhov tsis lees txais. | |
| Ntsig Kub | + 20 ... +22 ° C, tsis txhob tso tee. | Tsis qis dua +15 ° C. |
| Vaum | Tsis pub tsawg tshaj 50%. Txhawm rau txhawm rau, lawv tau muab txau nrog cov tshuaj tsuag kom zoo, muab tso rau hauv lub tais ntim nrog lub pob zeb ntub los yog muab tso nrog lwm cov xim. | 50 %. |
| Dej Tshoob Tawm | Tom qab cov av dries los ntawm saum toj no, nws yuav tsum tau noo noo, tab sis tsis muaj stagnation ntawm dej. | Txwv. |
| Thov cov lim dej hauv chav sov, ua tib zoo tsis txhob ntog ntawm nplooj. | ||
| Kev hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus | Ib zaug txhua 2 lub lis piam nrog ua cov chiv ua chiv. | Tsis siv. |
| Cov Av | Senpoly av los yog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg: nplooj, dej qab zib, coniferous thiab peat av (3: 2: 1: 1), ntxiv - vermiculite, perlite, ntxhib dej xuab zeb thiab txhoov moss (1). | |
| Lauj kaub | Lawv siv 3 zaug tsawg violets, txij li cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag me me thiab ntau cov av tsis xav tau. | |
| Hloov Mus | Raws li txoj cai, tsim txhua 3 xyoos. Lub paj nws muaj lub hauv paus hauv siab, yog li nws tsis zoo siv los cuam tshuam nws. | |
Paj tawg twj
Nrog kev saib xyuas tsis txaus ntseeg, lub violet tsis tawg, qhov no tshwm sim hauv rooj plaub ntawm:
- tsis tshua muaj teeb;
- tsis muaj khoom noj khoom haus;
dej tsis tsim nyog; - av ntom;
- ib lub lauj kaub loj loj;
- kis tau los ntawm kab mob lossis kab tsuag.
Txhawm rau txhawb nqa cov nroj tsuag, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tshem tawm txhua qhov yuam kev: hloov mus rau hauv cov thawv ze zog, hloov pauv chaw, pub mis, kho nrog fungicide thiab tshuaj tua kab.
Chaw Yug Me Nyuam Chav senpolia
Propagate lub violet nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev: los ntawm txiav, nplooj thiab noob.
Noob
Cov txheej txheem kev mob siab tshaj plaws, tab sis tso cai rau koj kom tau ntau tsob ntoo:
- Siv ib lub thoob qis qis nrog cov av xoob, ya raws.
- Cov noob muab faib rau saum npoo tsis muaj cov noob.
- Zaj duab xis lossis daim ntawv dawb yog rub rau hauv lub thawv.
- Tso rau ntawm + 17 ... +21 ° C, tsis tu ncua kev tshem tawm tsev.
- Tom qab ib nrab ntawm ib hlis, thaum thawj cov ntawv txheeb tseeb tshwm sim, lawv dhia rau hauv ib lub taub ntim siab, npog nrog khob.
- Thaum cov nroj tsuag loj tuaj, lawv cog rau hauv lwm cov lauj kaub.
Nplooj
Yooj yim rau kev xaiv. Nplooj tawm cov qib tawm ib kauj ruam:
- Hauv nruab nrab kab, ib daim nplooj nrog 5 cm petiole yog txiav.
- Rooting yog ua tiav hauv dej thiab av.
- Ceg nplooj cutleon siv paus sai sai. 3-4 yub tau txais los ntawm ib qho.
Dej
Lub paj paws nrog nplooj poob qis qis rau hauv lub taub ntim dej. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv cov hniav lwj, cov pa roj carbon activated yog ploj nyob rau ntawd. Qee lub sijhawm, cov kua dej raug hloov pauv. Thaum cov hauv paus hniav tshwm (txij li 2 lub lis piam mus rau 1.5 hli - nyob ntawm ntau yam), lawv muab hloov rau hauv av.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo: koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem thiab ua mus rau theem tom ntej rau lub sijhawm (lub thawv ntim pob tshab yog qhov xav tau).
Cov Av
Cov ntawv yog muab tso rau hauv av sai sai. Qhov zoo: Nws yuav siv sijhawm tsawg dua, vim tias cov nroj tsuag tsis tas yuav ua kom haum rau cov kev mob sib txawv (dej, ces av).
Kev txiav tawm
Hom no suav nrog kev nthuav tawm los ntawm tus ntxhais cov hlua uas hlob hauv lub axils ntawm nplooj. Los ntawm lawv, cov hav txwv ua tsis zoo thiab, raws li txoj cai, lawv tau muab tshem tawm. Tab sis yog tias koj de saum toj rau lawv, cov nplooj ntawv tau tsim, tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem yog ua tib zoo txiav tawm thiab muab tso rau hauv av.
Tsis hais txog ntawm txoj kev, lub lauj kaub nrog lub hau loj zuj zus yog nrog polyethylene nrog qhov thiab qee yam kev mob yog tsim:
- vaum - 50%;
- kub - + 22 ... +25 ° C;
- cov sij hawm nruab hnub - tsawg kawg 12 teev (tsis muaj lub hnub ncaj qha);
- xoob hauv qab nrog cov huab cua zoo sib pauv;
- ywg dej nrog lim dej sov kom zoo li cov av dries.
Cov kab mob sib kis thiab Kab Tsuag rau Uzambara Violet
Yog tias muaj kev ua txhaum hauv kev saib xyuas, lub senpolia raug rau ntau yam kab mob thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kab uas muaj kev puas tsuaj.
| Neej Neeg | Vim li cas | Kev kho kom haum |
| Kev lwj ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nplooj poob. | Chaw Txom Nyem | Tshem cov khoom puas. Lawv raug kho nrog Fundazol. |
| Cov quav hniav dawb, nplooj daj. | Powdery mildew | Siv Benlat, yog tias qhov kev tshwm sim nyob twj ywm tom qab ob lub lis piam, cov txheej txheem rov ua dua. |
| Rotting ntawm caj dab ntawm keeb kwm, browning ntawm nplooj. | Blight lig | Tus nroj tsuag tau pov tseg. |
| Cov tsos ntawm fluffy xim av txheej. | Tsaus grey | Tshem tawm cov mob muaj kab mob. Txau nrog Fitosporin lossis lwm yam tshuaj fungicidal. |
| Cov ntawv liab liab ntawm nplooj ntoo nrog cov noob kab mob. | Xeb | Siv cov kua Bordeaux thiab cov hmoov av sulfur. |
| Tuag ntawm cov nplooj. | Vascular bacteriosis | Muaj txheej txheem nrog Zircon, Fundazol. |
| Cov tsos ntawm cobwebs, drilling thiab deformation ntawm cov nplooj. | Kab laug sab mite | Txau nrog acaricides (Actellic). |
| Cov nplaum xwb. | Yaj thaiv | Siv agravertine |
| Browning ntawm nplooj, qhov nyob rau hauv paj, tuag ntawm stamens. | Xab thoj | Txhaum tawm ntawm qhov kis mob. Lawv raug kho nrog tshuaj tua kab (Inta-Vir). |
| Pom cov cua nab rau ntawm cov kab mob o tuaj, muaj ntsej muag daj thiab nplooj hlav. | Nematodes | Tshem tawm qhov chaw mob tawm. Tom qab ua tiav, hloov pauv. Txau nrog Nematicide Vidat. |
| Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov paj, lawv cov ntaub thaiv, cov tawv nqaij tawv. | Aphids | Nws raug kho nrog xab npum dej yog tias qhov teeb meem tseem Mospilan, Actellik. |
| Qaub tsw, qhov tsim ntawm qog dawb ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. | Cag cab | Hloov pauv. Siv Actara rau kev coj ua. |
| Rotting ntawm tus neeg thaj chaw, qhov pom ntawm ya kab. | Miv thiab yoov | Txau cov av nrog Karbofos. |
| Kev tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej dub ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws, ua kom pom cov nplooj ntoo, ncua kev loj hlob. | Npauj npaim | Siv tshuaj tua kab thiab acaricides (Actellik, Actara). |
Thaum txoj kev kho mob tau pib raws sijhawm, kev kho mob ib txwm muaj, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tau nqa tawm, kev rov ua dua ntawm cov teeb meem yuav tsawg heev.
Mr. Lub caij ntuj sov neeg nyob hauv ceeb toom: violet senpolia - lub vampire paj
Tus nroj tsuag thim lub zog los ntawm cov neeg hauv npau suav. Nws tsis tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv chav pw, txwv tsis pub mob taub hau thiab malaise. Tab sis muaj cov lus qhia yooj yooj yim rau qhov no. Zoo li txhua lub paj hauv nruab hnub, nws ua pa, thiab thaum hmo ntuj nws nqus nws tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide.
Tab sis violet tuaj yeem nqa cov txiaj ntsig, nws kho cov kab tsis zoo (kab laum, ntsaum). Yog li ntawd, qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau nws yog chav ua noj.
