Crispy ntsuab zaub xas lav yog ib qho khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau cov tais diav. Yog hais tias dhau los peb tau siv ntau dua zaub ntsuab, tam sim no lub teev ntawm cov zaub nyoos qoob loo loj hlob zuj zus tuaj, thiab lawv nce tshwm ntawm peb cov rooj.
Thiab yog txhua yam paub txog lettuce uas yog lettuce, ib txhia pom nws nyuaj los teb. Qhov tseeb, lettuce yog ib lub ntsiab lus rau lettuce, zaub cog uas tuaj yeem zom rau ntawm koj qhov chaw tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi.
Lettuce: kev piav qhia thiab txheeb raws roj ntsha ntim ntawm lettuce
Lettuce, los yog nyias, - genus ntawm flowering nroj tsuag ntawm Astrovye tsev neeg, uas muaj xws li 147 hom. Ntawm no, cov zaub mov siv lettuce, los yog lettuce, lwm hom yog cov nroj tsuag. Cultivated thoob ntiaj teb.
Qhov no yog ib xyoo, ntxov-ripening nroj tsuag nrog ib tug taproot, sessile nplooj, daj inflorescences-baskets thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo-noob. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom hauv nruab nrog cev (nplooj los yog hau) nyob ntawm ntau hom thiab ntau hom lettuce. Lettuce nplooj tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom thiab xim, qee zaum nrog anthocyanin cov xim.
Siv hauv kev ua zaub mov ua cov vitamin zaub ntsuab rau zaub nyoos, qhaub cij, khoom noj txom ncauj thiab lwm yam tais diav. Lettuce muaj ntau yam khoom siv: pab txoj kev qab los noj mov thiab plab zom mov, muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub cev thaum muaj kev rog, kev xeeb tub, kev qaug, kev tuag. Rau cov zaub mov siv nplooj, cabbages, thickened stems. Cov nplooj yog edible kom txog thaum lub nroj tsim tsim lub qia, tom qab uas lawv poob lawv saj. 
Lettuce yog hu ua zaub, tab sis tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus paub hais tias qhov no nroj tsuag muaj ib tug zoo siv. Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm nplooj tshiab yog siv raws li ib tug sedative, antispasmodic, hypnotic, los ntawm kua txiv hmab txiv ntawm lettuce npaj ib homeopathic tshuaj rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv system.
Koj puas paub? Lub npe ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv hauv Latin (Lactuca) yog muab los ntawm Latin lo lus "mis" ("lac"). Thaum lub stems thiab nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag puas, dawb kua txiv tso tawm, uas ua hauj lwm raws li lub title.
Hom thiab ntau yam ntawm lettuce zaub xam lav
Lettuce yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau ntau yam:
- Lactuca sativa var. secalina - cov nplooj lwg tuaj yeem nrog ntau nplooj, muaj ntau ntau yam, qee yam ntawm lawv yog: Raspberry Ball, Levistro, Constance, Concord, Cov ntaub ntawv, Little Krasny, Anthony, Rubett, Green Coral, Liab Coral, Grenada, Kucheryavets Odessa.
Ukrainian ntau Snowflake yog thaum ntxov maturing (20-25 hnub). Zoo li resistant rau drought, high humidity thiab txias, resistant mus rau cov kab mob. Tsim tau - 1.05-2 kg / sq. Qhov loj loj ib qho hluav taws xob 30-35 cm siab thiab 20-25 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb muaj 12-18 nplooj. Cov nplooj yog tuab, tag nrho, thoob plaws thiab qw, yellowish nyob rau hauv cov xim. Cov nroj tsuag yog zoo nkauj.
Golden Pob - Ukrainian medium thaum ntxov ntau yam (25-30 hnub). Nyob rau hauv ib lub ncauj lus compact nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 22-24 cm muaj 10-14 tag nrho yellowish nplooj ntawm medium tuab, wavy raws tus sawv. Lub zaub xam lav yog zoo nkauj, tag nrho nplooj yog siv raws li dai kom zoo ntawm lub zaub mov.
- Lactuca sativa var. acephala - Sheet-nplooj zaub xam lav nrog nplooj tag nrho. Qhov no yog hom tsim rau gradual harvesting: lub nplooj nplooj yog txiav, lub puab (cov tub ntxhais hluas) tawm mus rau loj hlob. Cov qib kawm: Lollo Blonda, Lollo Rossa, Lollo bionda, Lollo Gorbi.
Lollo rossa - ib tug nrov nruab nrab-lub caij ntau yam (40-55 hnub), zoo nkauj heev, resistant rau bolting. Cov nplooj yog loj, crispy, curly, lub teeb ntsuab nrog ib tug liab-liab ntug. Variety feem ntau yog siv los decorate paj txaj. Cog phom - 325 g, tawm los - 3.0 kg / sq. m
- Lactuca sativa var. capitata - cov zaub qhwv zaub qhwv nrog sab khaus loj los yog nplooj hlav nplooj. Lub khw yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam Etti, Olzhich, Godard, Loj, Senator, Laravera.
Olzhich - Ukrainian medium lig ntau yam (40-46 hnub) nrog ib tug npawv taub hau, muag heev oily grayish-ntsuab nplooj. Cov tawm los ntawm lettuce - 2.5-3.2 kg / sq. m
- Lactuca sativa var. longifolia - Roman zaub xam lav (romain), thaum yus los ntawm ib lub taub hau lub taub hau thiab ib lub rosette ntawm cov nplooj saum txaj.
Ukrainian ntau yam Skarb tsim los ntawm kev xaiv ntawm Spanish qauv Romana rorogorana thiab Algerian Varte maraihere ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb "Mayak" ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Zaub thiab Melon-zuj zus, National Academy ntawm Agrarian Sciences ntawm Ukraine. Ntau lub cev tuaj mus rau ntuj qhuav heev. Cov zaub xam lav muaj ib lub voj voos loj zoo li lub voj voos, cov nplooj yog cov tuab, vov, muaj suab thaj thiab muaj xim ntsuab hauv xim, nrog rau ntug kev. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub taub hau yog 556.0 g. Lub sij hawm los ntawm cov kabmob loj hlob tuaj yog 48 hnub. Cov tawm los ntawm ntau yam - 3.2 kg / sq. m
- Lactuca sativa var. angustana (asparagina) - Qia (asparagus) lettuce, yog los ntawm ib tug tuab qia thiab ntev, nqaim, tus yoojyim ntawm cov sawv. Txhua xyoo cog nrog ib qhov siab ntawm 60-120 cm Khaus-resistant kab lis kev cai, cov noob ntawm uas pib loj hlob ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 2-5 ° C thiab withstand me ntsis frosts. Sown los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis mus rau Lub Rau Hli. Nyuaj tolerates drought ntawm kev kawm ntawv.
Ntau ntawm Ukrainian xaiv Pogonych Nws muaj siab tawm los thiab zoo heev saj. Qhov ntev ntawm lub qia - 25-40 cm, nplooj - 17 cm, nyob rau hauv lub qhov hluav taws xob 11 nplooj. Cov nplooj yog ntawm medium tuab, grey-ntsuab, oval, erect. Qhov loj ntawm qia - 310 g, rosettes ntawm nplooj - 750 g. Tus tawm los ntawm ntsuab - 5.32 kg / sq. m, stems - 2.18 kg / sq. m
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Niaj hnub nimno kev lag luam thiab cov khoom siv ntawm kev lag luam ntawm ntau yam ntawm lettuce divides lawv mus rau hauv oily thiab crispy cabbage ntau yam, Roman lettuce (Romain), Latin lettuce (nyom), shear thiab qia lettuce.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw thiab av
Lettuce yog tsim rau cultivation nyob rau hauv qhib thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv av.
Zaub xam lav xav zoo dua rau ntawm qhov chaw tshav ntuj uas tsis muaj cov ntawv sau. Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los cog nws ze zaub siab, uas tsim ntau ntxoov ntxoo.
Rau lub lettuce zoo haum tsim fertile av nrog ib tug nruab nrab los yog me ntsis acid tshuaj tiv thaiv. Fertilizer concentration yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau. Ntsuab lettuce tau noog nitrates, yog li koj tsis tas yuav tsim txom nitrogen chiv.
Koj puas paub? Qhov noj tau ntawm lettuce yog tsawg kawg yog 5 kg rau ib tug neeg hauv ib xyoos twg. Lub British thiab Fabkis tau ntev tshaj li qhov no xam, rau lub xyoo no cov teb chaws tau noj 14 kg thiab 7 kg ib capita, feem.
Npaj ua hauj lwm ua ntej yuav tsaws
Yuav kom nce fertility nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, nws txaus txaus rau scatter tshaj lub cheeb tsam rotten compost los yog manure (1-2 thoob rau ib 1 sq. M). Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nrog nce acidity ntawm cov av yuav tsum tau liming. Ua ntej yuav tsum tau cog cov pob zeb lettuce yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav. Yuav kom ceev li germination thiab nce tawm los, noob yuav ua tiav nrog txoj kev loj hlob stimulants. 
Ancestors thiab zej zog nrog lwm yam nroj tsuag
Taum thiab cereals yog suav tias yog cov zoo cov khoom noj rau nyias. Dos, cabbage, radish thiab radish yuav suav hais tias yog zoo nyob ze cov phooj ywg rau lettuce. Thawj cov nroj tsuag discourages aphids, thiab so yog tseem ceeb rau lub zaub xam lav nws tus kheej, vim nws repels lub ntiaj teb fleas. Koj tuaj yeem cog qoob loo tom qab strawberries, peas, taum, spinach.
Cog ze ntawm taub dag cov qoob loo (cucumbers, zucchini, melons, watermelons) yuav cia cov nroj tsuag loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm sau ntawm lettuce. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj, lettuce yuav cog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam tom qab harvesting carrots, dos thiab qej, thiab thaum ntxov qos yaj ywm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub lettuce yuav ua tau ib tug compactor rau txiv lws suav: cog nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ciam nyob ib ncig ntawm lws suav txaj, qhov no yuav pab txuag qhov chaw thiab muab qhov chaw thaj.
Cog lettuce noob
Zaub xam lav yog qoob loo-resistant qoob loo, nws yog sown nyob rau hauv thawj hnub ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav teb ua hauj lwm, ntxov tshaj radishes thiab carrots. Sprouts muaj peev xwm withstand frosts txog li 2 ° S, thiab paub tab nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm sawv ntsug txog -5 ° C.
Lettuce nplooj ntoos tau sown nyob rau hauv kab los yog tas txuas sowing. Kev cog qoob hauv dej me me yog ua raws li tus qauv ntawm 20 x 20 cm, tag nrho cov qoob - 30 x 30 cm Asparagus lettuce yog cog rau ib lub txaj nrog ib ncua ntawm 25-30 cm ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab 50-60 cm ntawm kab. 
Sowing noob nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av yog ua nyob rau hauv pits nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 0.5 cm. Sowing tus nqi yog 2-3 g / 10 square metres. m. Seeds yuav tsum tau npog lub hauv av yuav luag superficially, nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua - ib me ntsis tob, txog li 1.5 cm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog xav tau ib lub tshiab zaub txhua lub caij ntuj sov, muab zaub nyias los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav mus rau lub caij ntuj sov nrog ob lub lim tiam. Thaum pib ntawm Autumn lub zaub xam lav them rau qhov tsaus ntuj..Siv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub vaj teb los yog vaj teb rationally, lub cultivation ntawm zaub nyoos nyob rau hauv qhib tua yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Thawj hom yog qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov txaj cais. Vim li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub shortest tau lub sij hawm nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom tau txais ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom, thiab nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau mus rau nyias cov nroj tsuag, lub ridges yuav tsum tuab.
Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog tso cov khoom noj ntawm lwm cov nroj tsuag - tshuaj ntsuab los yog zaub (piv txwv, carrots). Ib tug zaub xam lav nrog Roses los yog lwm yam paj yuav saib zoo.
Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm sprouts 3 leaflets, cov qoob loo yog thinned. Re-thinning yuav siv qhov chaw tom qab 2 asthiv. Cov nroj tsuag ntxiv yog noj. 
Koj puas paub? Hauv Scandinavia, 90% ntawm cov qoob loo tuaj zus los ntawm hydroponics - tso cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov dej saum tus nplai tshaj uas cov kev sib tov muaj zog.
Kev kho mob: qhov tsim ntawm ib tug zoo sau
Zaub xam lav yog ib kab lis kev cai uas tsis tau tshwj xeeb ntsuas ntawm cultivation thiab kev kho mob. Yog xav tau ib tug high yield, koj yuav tsum tau raws sij hawm loosen cov av, tau tshem ntawm weeds thiab dej lub lettuce. Watering yog ua ncaw, tab sis copiously. Nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua, koj yuav tsum tau dej ib hnub ib zaug, nyob rau hauv cov huab cua txias - 2-3 zaug ib lub lim tiam. Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws tsis yog ib qho kev ntsuas, vim lettuce yog ib qho khoom noj.
Koj puas paub? European cog ntawm lettuce yog li ntawm 3 lab tons.Lub koom nrog ntau tshaj yog Ltalis, Netherlands, Belgium, Fabkis, Spain. Lub ntsiab exporter yog Spain.
Cov kab mob kis tau thiab kab tsuag ntawm lettuce
Yog hais tias xim av me ntsis nyob rau hauv qis nplooj ntawm lettuce, uas kis tau nyob rau hauv nplooj ntoos axils, ua rotting ntawm lub taub hau, stalks thiab nplooj, lub zaub xam lav tej zaum cuam tshuam. grey rot. 
Dawb rot cov ntaub ntawv teeb watery me ntsis, thawj zaug ntawm nplooj, thiab tom qab ntawd rau ntawm qia. On qhov feem cuam ntawm qhov zaub xam lav yog pom dawb scurf. Qhov cuam tshuam nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob yog kub cev (24-27 ° C) thiab humidity.
Nplooj, stems thiab taub hau ntawm lettuce tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm cia li hloov mus rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. powdery mildewNyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus nroj tsuag slows hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.
Ua kom cov av qis dua provokes txoj kev loj hlob peronosporosis. Lub Upper ib feem ntawm nplooj yog them nrog vague me ntsis ntawm lub teeb ntsuab thiab daj ntxoov, thiab qis ib feem yog them nrog dawb scoria ntawm mycelium. 
Kev muab tshuaj ntau hauv cov av tuaj yeem ua rau ntug hlawv - rot, cuam tshuam tag nrho cov nroj tsuag.
Rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj ntawm cov kab mob, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los soj ntsuam cov qoob loo rotation thiab nroj lettuce nyob rau tib qhov chaw ntawm ib qho kev caij nyoog ntawm 3 xyoos. Cov kab mob kis mob thiab cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum raug muab tshem tawm, thiab tom qab sau qoob loo yuav tsum muab pov tseg. Nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau kho cov zaub ntsuab nrog tshuaj ua ntej cog, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau dej lub ntiaj teb nrog Bordeaux sib tov los yog tooj liab sulphate (5 l / sq. M).
Qia Salad Aphid inhabits feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua rau cov nroj tsuag kom tsis txhob loj hlob, tawm curl thiab discolor. Rau spraying lub Cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau npaj ib decoction. Ib liter dej, noj 0.5 kg ntawm crushed lws suav nplooj, insist 5 teev, ces boil on tsawg cua sov rau 3 xuab moos. Tom ntej no, lub kua yuav tsum tau drained thiab txias, ntxiv 5 g ntawm xab npum, dilute 2 liv dej ua ntej spraying. Kev ua yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua tav su. 
Los tua cov kab ntawm lub txaj, ntxiab ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom vov tsev thiab cov txaj raug muab tawm, kab tsuag nkag hauv lawv, thiab lawv tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke. Obstacles rau slugs yog me me mounds ntawm burnt txiv qaub raws tus sawv ntawm lub txaj.
Yog tias ntawm qhov chaw loj hlob ntawm lettuce tau pom wireworms, ob lub lim piam ua ntej cog, qoob loo cov qoob loo xws li qos yaj ywm, beets, los yog zaub yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv cov av. Thaum cov kab tsuag nce hauv cov zaub, lawv tuaj yeem muab tshem tawm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qee cov kev cai, qee lub npe hu ua zaub nyoos, tsis txhob ntim cov noob txiv lettuce: arugula, watercress, chicory salad, spinach. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lettuce tsis yog cais cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov zaub xam lav. Iceberg, Oak nplooj thiab Batavia yog nws hom.
Harvesting thiab cia ntawm greenery
Tus sau ntawm thaum ntxov ripe ntau yam yog harvested 40-50 hnub tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm sprouts, nruab nrab-lub caij ntau yam - tom qab 50-60 hnub, lig-ripening - tom qab 70-80 hnub.
Nws yog tawm tswv yim kom tshem tawm cov lettuce thaum sawv ntxov thaum lub zaub xam lav yog tshiab thiab chilled. Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua li no tom qab watering, vim tias ntawm noo noo lub zaub xam lav yuav rot. Lub taub hau lettuce huv si raws li ripening, selectively. Los txiav txim siab seb lub lettuce tau loj hlob, nias lub hauv paus nrog tus ntiv tes: yog nws yog tuab, koj tuaj yeem txiav nws. 
Los ntawm lettuce, txiav tawm tus neeg nplooj los yog tshem tawm tag nrho Bush nrog hauv paus, nws nyob ntawm ntau yam. Ntxuav cov nroj tsuag, yog tias tsis npaj rau kev siv tam sim ntawd, tsis tsim nyog nws.
Cov khoom noj sai sai loses freshness, yog li koj yuav tsum xa nws mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cia sai li sai tau. Nyob rau hauv ib lub khob ntim kaw nruj kaw los yog yas thawv, cov zaub xam lav muab khaws cia rau hauv lub tub yees kom txog li 2 vasthiv. Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub khob ntim koj tuaj yeem nteg tau ntaub so tes los yog ntawv phuam, koj yuav tsum tau npog cov zaub ntsuab rau saum toj.
Cabbage lettuce yog muab tso rau hauv 2 txheej: txheej hauv qab - nrog puag, sab saum toj - nrog lub hauv paus li.
Nyob rau hauv lettuce, qhov loj tshaj tus nqi ntawm nitrogenous sib txuas yog pom nyob rau hauv lub stems thiab nplooj ntoos stalks. Ua ntej siv, lawv yuav tsum tau soaked hauv dej. Qhov no yuav pab ntxuav txog 20% ntawm nitrates.
Yog hais tias qoob loo qoob loo tsis tau noj tam sim ntawd, cov nroj tsuag yog dug tawm nrog ib tug lump ntawm av thiab khaws cia.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, muaj kev cog qoob loo ntawm lettuce yog siv nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv New York, greenhouses nrog zaub nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm industrial thiab warehouse cov chaw.Lauj kaub tais diav yog cov ua liaj ua teb yooj yim. Los ntawm kev muab rau nws nrog kev mob siab, koj tau txais ib qho kev zoo rau kev sim ua noj los yog kev muag khoom.
