Ib tsob nroj zoo li chard, los yog beet, Nws tseem tsis thoob plaws hauv peb cov latitudes. Meanwhile, nws zoo siab heev rau hauv lub tebchaws Mediterranean. Muaj nws yog noj rau ib tug nrog spinach, vim hais tias nws cov kev pab rau tib neeg lub cev tsis muaj tsawg. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb muab koj lub tswv yim rau cog thiab saib xyuas rau nplooj ntoos beets nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej peb yuav to taub dab tsi yog chard thiab nws noj li cas, yog li hais lus.
Koj puas paub? Mangold yog ib tsob nroj qub. Cov neeg Greek thiab cov Neeg Loos tau koom nrog rau hauv thaj chaw qub. Tsis xav li no kab lis kev cai feem ntau hu ua Roman cabbage. Tom qab ntawd nws tau raug xa mus rau lwm lub tebchaws.
Kev piav qhia ntawm chard thiab nws cov hom
Mangold - Ib tug tshwj xeeb tsi beet, uas, tsis zoo li ib tug txheeb ze dog dig, tau inedible keeb kwm thiab edible nplooj thiab petioles. Qhov no yog cov zaub txhu hauv biennial mus rau tsev neeg ntawm blooming. Cultivation ntawm chard zaub xam lav yog xyaum nyob rau hauv teb chaws USA, Europe, Nyiv, Khej thiab lwm lub teb chaws. Cov nplooj ntawm nplooj ntoos beets - muaj kua, fleshy, 30-40 cm siab Nyob ntawm ntau yam, lawv muaj xim sib txawv - liab, ntsuab, ntsuab-liab, ntsuab-liab doog. Hauv paus no cog tsis tsim txhua. Muaj ob hom chard: qia (petiolate, long-veined) thiab nplooj (shnitt-chard, chard-chisel). Lub qia, nrog rau cov nplooj, yog haum rau cov khoom noj thiab cov petioles. Lawv yog cov dav thiab fleshy, kuj muaj ib qho txawv xim: ntsuab, daj, xim liab.
Koj puas paub? Chard yog khoom noj khoom haus zoo vim tias nws cov nplooj thiab cov petioles muaj ntau cov vitamins (C, B1, B2, A, K), ntsev cov hlau, phosphorus, sodium, calcium. Chard - qis-calorie zaub, 100 g tsuas yog 19 kcal.
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm nplooj ntoos lettuce, uas txawv nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm lub stems, nplooj thiab petioles, raws li tau zoo raws li cov duab ntawm nplooj. Cov kab no kuj muaj los ntawm cov hniav ntau yam nrog petioles ntawm ntau yam xim, curly thiab tsav ntog foliage. Cov no suav nrog, piv txwv, "Yellow-wood", "Red-stalked", "Silver Curly", thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv nrog rau lub vaj teb, lawv muaj peev xwm yuav cog nyob rau hauv txaj thiab mixborders.
Dab tsi chard xav tau kev vam meej kev loj hlob
Chard - ib unpretentious nroj tsuag, nws cultivation thiab kev kho mob tsis muaj tej yam teeb meem thiab yog heev zoo li lub cultivation ntawm liab beet. Hauv qab no koj yuav pom cov tswv yim ntawm cov qoob loo tig ntawm no qoob loo, xaiv qhov chaw, xaiv cov av thiab cov hau kev cog hauv nws qhib hauv pem teb.
Chard Precursors
Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau cog nplooj ntoos beets ntawm qhov chaw uas cov nroj tsuag siv los cog, thaum lawv tau cog, cov organic chiv, xws li dos, cucumbers, qos yaj ywm, tau nkag rau hauv cov av. Yuav kom soj ntsuam cov cai ntawm qoob loo ntawm chard beets, nws tsis yog tsim nyog yuav tau loj hlob nws nyob rau tib qhov chaw txhua xyoo, nws yog zoo dua xa rov qab cov qoob loo rau tib lub av tom qab peb lub xyoos. Nws kuj tsis pom zoo kom muab cog rau hauv thaj chaw uas yav tas los spinach, cabbage, thiab beets raug zus. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua li no thiaj li tiv thaiv nplooj ntoos beets los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag.
Koj puas paub? Chard nplooj yog siv los ua zaub nyoos, cabbage qaws, borscht, stewed zaub lauj kaub tais diav. Caviar yog npaj los ntawm stalks, pickled thiab stewed. Nws saj yog reminiscent ntawm spinach thiab sorrel. Cov kua txiv ntawm petioles yog siv rau cov hom phiaj kho mob hauv cov kab mob ntshav.
Teeb pom kev zoo rau chard
Chard yog tsis picky txog teeb pom kev zoo, nws muaj peev xwm loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhib cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub vaj teb thiab nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntxoov ntxoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub hais tias muaj zog thiab ntev shading lettuce nplooj ntoos beets yuav loj hlob qeeb qeeb thiab yuav tsis muab cov nplooj luaj loj li cov teeb pom kev zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv ib tsob nroj uas loj hlob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, muaj peev xwm pom tau tias muaj nitrate ntau ntxiv.
Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum yog cov av rau cog nplooj ntoos beets
Sheet beets tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm cov av, tab sis nws yuav yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cua thiab meaty thaum cog rau hauv ib lub moist thiab fertile av nrog neutral acidity. Tus nroj tsuag tsis zam acidic xau zoo heev. Ua ntej sowing, nws yog ib advisable kom fertilize cov av nrog humus los yog compost (3-4 kg / 1 square meter). Txawm li cas los, qhov no yuav tsum tau ua rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov organic fertilizers yog siv li 12-14 hnub ua ntej sowing.
Koj puas paub? Beetroot tau raws li ib tug ntawm hybridization ntawm chard thiab lwm yam tsiaj qus.
Nta tsuaj chard
Rau cog chard siv cov noob los yog seedlings. Rassadniy txoj kev tsis tshua muaj neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws. Thaum cog chard nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av, nws yuav nyob ntawm seb koj xav sau ntev npaum li cas. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, kev paub gardeners pom zoo kom tsis sowing nws dhau lawm (ua ntej lub Plaub Hlis), kom tsis txhob poob mus rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts. Txawm hais tias tus nroj tsuag yog heev txias-resistant - lub noob yuav germinate nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm + 4-5 ºะก thiab tso siab me ntsis frosts, nws yog zoo dua cog ntawm ntau dua kub. Qhov feem ntau txaus siab rau lawv yuav 18-20 º. Yog hais tias koj lub hom phiaj yog ib tug heev thaum ntxov sau, koj muaj peev xwm siv seedling txoj kev los yog sow nyob rau hauv movie. 
Petiolate ntau yam yuav npaj txhij noj 90-100 hnub tom qab cog, leafy sawv daws 60-70 hnub tom qab. Yuav kom muaj cov zaub ntsuab tshiab ntawm koj lub rooj ntev ntev thiab thaum ntxov, nplooj ntoos qoob loo raug pom zoo muab cog rau hauv peb lub sij hawm: hauv thawj lub lim tiam ntawm lub Tsib Hlis, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Lub Xya Hli (sau yuav nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav) thiab ua ntej lub caij ntuj no. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm cog rau thawj lub sij hawm yuav pib ntawm May. Ua ntej cog chard noob, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau npaj dej rau txhua lub noob. Qhov deb ntawm lub pits yog 25-30 cm ntev, nruab nrab ntawm kab - 35-40 cm (25 cm rau nplooj ntoos ntau yam). Noob tob rau hauv cov av los ntawm 2-2.5 cm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob sow nplooj ntoos beets dhau heev lawm. Heavy plantings yuav ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm fungal kab mob nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas chard sprouts, tau raws li ib tug ntawm cultivation los ntawm cov noob, yuav tsum tshwm nyob rau hauv txog 20 hnub. Ib cov noob muab ntau tua, thiaj li hais tias seedlings yuav tsum tau thinned, tawm hauv khoob ntawm lawv ntawm 40 cm rau petiolate ntau yam thiab 10 cm rau nplooj tshua yus. Ntxiv mus ntxiv koj leaf zaub xam lav, koj tuaj yeem sau cov noob lawv tus kheej. Cov kev paub ntawm cov pob txha yuav raug txiav thiab muab ncua tseg rau kev loj hlob. Cov noob ntawm chard yog tib yam li nyob rau hauv dog dig beets. Lawv yuav tsum muab cia rau hauv hnab ntawv. Germination lawv khaws cia rau peb lub xyoos.
Txij li thaum lub multiplication ntawm nplooj ntoos lettuce nrog kev pab los ntawm seedlings yog tsis yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsuas luv luv hais li cas cog chard nrog seedlings. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yuav zoo li hais tias nyob rau hauv no txoj kev nws yog ua tau los ua ib qho kev pib ua ntej. Koj muaj peev xwm sow nroj tsuag rau seedlings nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Ua ntej sowing cov noob rau seedlings, lawv yuav tsum tau soaked rau ib hnub.
Txij li thaum lub hauv paus system ntawm chard yog tsim heev, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xaiv ib tug tob ntim los yog ib tug neeg pots rau seedlings. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov qoob loo yuav tsum yog 25-30 cm. Nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av, seedlings yog cog thaum nws ncav lub hnub nyoog ntawm 3.5-4.5 lub lim piam thiab ib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm 8-9 cm, nyob rau hauv thaum pib los yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm May. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav cog nruj nreem - kev ua kom khov ntawm 15-20 cm nruab nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag By sau, tus qoob loo yuav npaj rau txog ib lub hlis thaum cov nplooj ncav cuag qhov siab txog 25 cm.
Yuav ua li cas saib xyuas chard sab nraum zoov
Txawm hais tias lub cultivation ntawm chard nyob rau hauv qhib tua tsis ua rau tej teeb meem, tsis tau mus ua kom tau ib tug zoo sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm loj, succulent nplooj, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los saib xyuas ntawm seedlings. Kev kho mob yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub caij ua xoob xoob ntawm cov av, tshuaj, pub thiab tshem tawm ntawm peduncles.
Av xyuas thiab dej ywg nroj tsuag
Cov av nyob rau hauv chard yuav tsum tau ib ntus cov nroj tsuag thiaj li ua kom puas tsuaj thiab pab kom nkag tau ntawm cov pa oxygen mus rau cov hauv paus hniav. Zej Zog lub plab yuav tsum yog tom qab ntub dej thiab los nag kom tsis muaj ntaub ua kua. Ntawv beets li noo noo (tab sis tsis stagnant), yog li ntawd nws yuav tsum tau watered abundantly, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm qhuav zaus. Qhov dej ntau zaus yuav nyob ntawm huab cua, tab sis nws zoo dua yog tias tsawg kawg ib zaug ib lub lim tiam.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib qho kev tshaj ntawm noo noo yuav ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm powdery mildew rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Yuav ua li cas fertilize chard
Cov zaub nyoos zoo zoo rau saum khaub ncaws hnav. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ua tiav txoj kev ua no, koj yuav tsum paub qhov kev ntsuas, vim tias muaj ntau tshaj ntawm cov chiv tuaj yeem ua rau cov nyhuv txawv - ua mob rau cov nroj tsuag. Ntev li ntawm pub mis nyiag tso pov tseg ntawm nitrates nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Pub lub chard yog tsim nyog tom qab txhua txiav ntawm nplooj los yog petioles. Ua li no, siv ib tug daws ntawm urea (10 g / 10 l dej), mullein (1: 5), kua herbal fertilizer.
Kab Tsuag thiab kab mob kev tswj ntawm chard
Cov kab mob Mangold tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob thiab cov cab, feem ntau yog vim kev tsis zoo thiab kev saib xyuas. Feem ntau cov nplooj ntoos lettuce yog raug powdery mildew. Nyiam tej yam kev mob rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no yog lub caij nyoog dej nag thiab stagnant noo noo, as well as kev puas tsuaj los ntawm parasites. Lub plawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob no yog ib qho dawb mealy txheej ntawm nplooj. Raws li kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas nyob rau hauv no ailment, pollination nrog ib tug daws ntawm sulfur, nitrogenous thiab phosphorus-potassium tshuaj yog pom zoo. Nrog swb ntawm powdery mildew, diseased nroj tsuag raug muab tshem tawm, Txau yog nqa tawm nrog kev tso cai npaj.
Tsis tas li nyob rau nplooj ntoos beets muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug fungus uas ua rau tus kab mob "dub ceg". Cov tsos mob - lub nplooj wither, lub stems tig dub, lub keeb kwm wither. Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub, kev tuag yuav tshwm sim sai heev - tsuas yog rau hnub tom qab pib qhov mob. Yuav kom tiv thaiv lub chard los ntawm dub ceg, nws yuav tsum tau cog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub txaj kom zoo zoo ntxuav nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau soj ntsuam lub sim hom dej.
Corneal, beet aphid, beetroot, wireworm yog teeb meem rau nplooj lettuce. Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam parasites, tiv thaiv kev ntsuas, kev ua tiav ntawm cov kev cai ntawm qoob loo rotation thiab agricultural engineering tuaj mus rau lub ntej. Txij thaum siv cov zaub mov saum toj no los siv rau kev noj zaub haus, kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab yog tsis tsim nyog. Lawv yuav tsum tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau zaus thiab nrog qhov loj distribution ntawm parasites. Thaum xaiv cov yeeb tshuaj, qhov yuav tsum tau muab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau cov tib neeg thiab thaj chaw.
Chard: Ntxawm
Yoojyim ntawm chard, cog nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis-Tsib Hlis, tuaj yeem txiav los ntawm lub rau hli ntuj mus txog lig Autumn raws li xav tau. Lawv ua txhaum nrog nrog tus nplais ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov ntau feem ntau mus txiav lub nplooj ntawv, qhov ntau tshaj lawv yuav loj hlob. Hauv nruab nrab, los ntawm 1 square. m nroj tsuag rau ib lub caij, koj muaj peev xwm sau 1 kg ntawm ntsuab.
Koj puas paub? Rau ib tsev neeg ntawm peb los yog plaub tus neeg, nws txaus rau cog ob los yog peb nplooj ntoos beet bushes.
Nyob rau hauv stalked ntau yam, tsuas yog cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj yog noj. Ntau tshaj li lwm cov zaub mov tsis haum. Nws yog ntshaw kom noj torn nplooj ntoos beets rau hnub ntawm sau. Ntev nws yuav raug muab, cov kev pab cuam tsawg dua nws yuav nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws sai sai. Hauv lub tub yees, ntxuav qhov khoom yog cia hauv ib lub hnab yas ntev tshaj ob hnub.
Txawm hais tias chard nplooj ntoos beet yog ib tug perennial nroj tsuag, nws yog customary kom loj hlob nws raws li ib xyoo nyob rau hauv lub chav ua noj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj paub tseeb tias nws tuaj yeem siv tau lub caij ntuj no, uas tau them nws zoo, koj tuaj yeem xyuas kom meej tias cov zaub ntsuab pib tshwm nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntxov tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, cov nroj tsuag raug txiav ntawm hauv paus thiab them nrog ib tug txheej ntawm av, peat, sawdust, nplooj. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm harvesting chard nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, koj muaj peev xwm maj nroj nplooj ntoos lettuce.
Mangold ua qhov nrov nyob rau hauv peb cheeb tsam, mas vim tias cov zaub no yog tsis ua tiav hauv nws cov txij nkawm, txias-resistant thiab muaj ib qho loj npaum li cas cov tshuaj pab rau tib neeg lub cev. Yog tias nws zoo thiab nyob rau theem pib thaum cog nws, ces koj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo tias nws yuav yog thawj vitamin zaub ntsuab uas yuav nyob hauv koj chav ua noj tom qab lub caij ntuj no avitaminosis.
