Feem ntau, thaum yuav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog hauv khw, peb tsis txawm xav tias peb tuaj yeem loj hlob zoo ib yam ntawm peb tus kheej lub ntsiab lus.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug loj zoo dua ntawm pib xyaum ua, es tsis muaj industrial, viticulture yog qhov ntau intensive kev loj hlob ntawm bushes, thiab nrog lawv pawg, vim hais tias Bush feem ntau muaj ntau chav rau kev loj hlob thiab zoo dua kev kho mob.
Yog li, yog tias koj ua ib qho txaus siab ntawm kev siv zog, koj tuaj yeem tsis yog tsuas yog winegrower zoo, tab sis kuj los tsim koj tus kheej muag ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Hnub no peb xav qhia rau koj hauv kev nthuav dav txog ib qho ntawm cov lag luam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas tuaj yeem muab zom zom rau txhua tsev neeg lossis lub caij ntuj sov tsev.
Acquaintance nrog ib qib ntawm txiv hmab "Valentine" thiab nws cov ntsiab zoo
Qhov no grape yog tiag yog daim ntawv foosNws tshwm sim raws li ib tug ntawm cov hauj lwm ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab breeders.
Qhov no txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau txais vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas nrov heev: "Delight" nrog "Arcadia", thiab daim ntawv tau txais los ntawm lawv nrog "Summer Muscat". Qhov tshwm sim yog ib tug heev ruaj khov, tsim rau tag nrho cov hom cultivation thiab rau ntau cheeb tsam climatic.
Nws yog qhov newest hybrid daim ntawv ntawm lub rooj grapes nrog heev high tawm los. Niaj hnub no, "Valentine" tsuas yog ua tau raws li nws qhov chaw ntawm kiv cua.
Peb qhia txog txhuam ntawm cov txiv hmab "Valentine" thiab txog nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ob qho tag nrho cov tub txawg thiab cov amateurs, thaum ntsib nrog ntau yam, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov them mloog mus rau nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub grapes "Valentine" tsis muaj ib tug yuav nyob tsis txaus siab, vim hais tias nws ob txhais tes yog unusually loj. Qhov ntev ntawm ib pawg tej zaum kuj tuaj txog 40 centimeters, uas tsis yog li ntawd ntau ntawm cov qoob loo no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias qhov no grape yuav zus nyob tsis sov sov climatic mob.
Raws li, qhov loj ntawm cov berries kuj ncav cuag tseem ceeb qhia - nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm 1 mus rau 1.5 kilograms, tab sis nyob rau hauv pib xyaum ua nws yog ntau ntau. Lawv muaj ib hom cylindrical, heev elongated mus rau hauv qab. Tus qauv ntawm berries ntawm cov pawg ua rau lawv me ntsis compacted los yog me ntsis xoob.
Hais txog qhov zoo ntawm cov berries, Valentine ntau yam yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug heev theem. Lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg heev, tsis muaj ntev li 3.7-4.4 centimeters, thiab widths - 2.3-2.6 centimeters.
Raws li cov lus piav qhia no, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus xaus uas lub berries yog me ntsis elongated, tab sis nws yog nqi them sai sai rau tshwj xeeb feature ntawm Valentina txiv hmab: cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsis txawm, tab sis me ntsis curved rau hauv qab.
Ib qho txawv txav kuj yog qhov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas yog sawv cev los ntawm ib lub xim daj, uas muaj peev xwm sawv los ua xim tshav ntuj los ntawm tshav ntuj zoo nkauj (lub xeem kos yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo piav thiab tsis pom muaj lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam).
Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog rau lub teeb meem loj heev ntawm lub berries los ntawm lub hnub, ib tug Tan ntawm ib lub xim brownish xim tshwm sim ntawm ib sab.
Tab sis qhov no zoo tshaj grapes "Valentine" tsis xaus muaj, vim hais tias peb tseem tsis tau tham txog nws saj. Feem ntau, nws saj yog harmonious, tsis zoo li lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tab sis qhov saj ntawm berries yog txawv txawv, muaj ib tug zoo xws li nrog sage.
Winegrowers leej twg koom rau hauv cov cultivation ntawm no grape daim ntawv uas nyob rau hauv ib txhia xyoo, nrog tag nrho thiab tag nrho cov ripening ntawm cov berries, ib tug kaj thiab tsis zoo qab ntxiag aftertaste ntawm nutmeg tshwm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub saj yog zoo complemented los ntawm ib tug heev kev sib tw thiab qab ntxiag nqaij, thaum noj uas muab lub tswv yim tias nws tsuas melts nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Peel yog tseem noj, nws cov saj tsis cuam tshuam rau lub dav thoob ntawm grapes.
Lovers ntawm Sweet berries, daim ntawv no kuj yuav thov, vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug zoo qab zib cia peev. Nyob rau hauv kev, thaum lub ntsuas ntawm acidity theem ntawm pulp yog tsuas yog 5-6 g / l, qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ncav 16-19%.
Cov kws tshwj xeeb uas koom nrog qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab thiab ntau hom, txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov txiv hmab "Valentine" tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Hauv particular, lawv cov qhab nia yog sib npaug rau 8.6 cov ntsiab lus.
Yuav ua li cas ripen txiv hmab txiv ntoo grusters ntawm "Valentina" thiab thaum twg koj pib sau lawv?
Ntawm cov hoob kawm, hais tias xws li ib tug zoo nkauj hybrid daim ntawv ntawm grapes tsis tau xav tias tej yam tsis zoo siab txog fruiting.
Tom qab tag nrho, qhov tseeb, "Valentina" yog suav tias yog high-yielding., thiab tseem muaj nuj nqis rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm fruiting.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj rau koj txhawj xeeb txog qhov tseeb tias lub shrub ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau piav qhia sai sai heev rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm fruiting.
Qhov no kuj yog qhov zoo heev los ntawm cov xeeb ceem kev loj hlob thiab kev muaj peev xwm loj hlob heev.
Nyob rau ntawm thawj fruiting, tawm los yuav tsis siab heev, tab sis nrog txhua tom ntej loj hlob rau lub caij nws yuav nce los ntawm 1.5-2 lub sij hawm.
Nyob rau hauv relation rau fruiting, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau nco ntsoov zoo qhov zoo ntawm tua (los ntawm ¾ los yog tag nrho ntev). Kuj, feem ntau ntawm cov tua ntawm Bush yog fruitful, txij li thaum lub qhov taw qhia ntawm no yam ntxwv yog 60-75%.
On ib tug tua feem ntau 1-2 pawg yog tsim, lub coefficient ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim tau ntawm ib tug Bush - 1.1-1.2. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib feem me me ntawm cov sau yuav tsim nyob rau ntawm stepchildren.
Harvesting daim ntawv piav qhia ntawm grapes pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub sij hawm, ib ncig ntawm lub kawg ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, thawj hnub ntawm lub Cuaj Hli.
Qhov nruab nrab, cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub caij nyoog ntawm ib tug Bush tag nrho nyob rau hauv 130-140 hnub, thaum lub sij hawm uas berries tag nrho paub tab, txawm nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm loj loj ntawm bunches. Vim li no, cov qoob loo muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm peev xwm ripening thaum loj hlob bushes nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Russia.
Qhov zoo ntawm "Valentina": dab tsi cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txiv hmab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws?
Qhov zoo ntawm no grape yog ntau. Cia peb sim piav qhia lawv thiab qhia txog yam tseem ceeb tsis tau hais tseg:
- Qhov loj loj ntawm ob qho tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries, thiab raws li qhov txawv cov duab thiab tsuas yog saj ntawm yav tas.
- Hla ntawm pea berries on pawg, thiab raws li tag nrho-scale pollination ntawm Bush, uas yuav siv qhov chaw ua tsaug rau lub paj bisexual.
- Cov pawg muaj kev lag luam zoo heev, nrog rau lawv txoj kev tsim nyog rau kev mus los ntev.
- Txawm tias muaj loj loj thiab elongation ntawm pawg, nws cov berries ripen tiag raws nws tag nrho ntev. Coob leej ntseeg tias feem ntau ntawm cov pawg yuav tsum tau muab txiav tawm, tab sis thaum muaj ntau yam piav, qhov no yuav ua rau koj tus kheej raug mob.
- Berries yog ib tug zoo kev xaiv rau lovers ntawm Sweet, vim hais tias lawv rau cov rooj ntaub ntawv.
- Nws yog tsi ntsees los ntawm complex stability, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tau tawm tsam mus rau mildew, oidium thiab grey rot.
- Vine tsis kam mus rau Frost yog siab heev, mus txog-24 ° C. Txawm li cas los, ntawm no kub, lub raum, uas muaj peev xwm ntawm tolerating tsuas yog ib tug kub ntawm -22 ° С, muaj peev xwm raug kev txom nyem significantly.
- Nws yog ib cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrov heev uas txhawb cov kiv cua kom loj hlob "Valentine" tsis yog rau lawv tus kheej, tab sis kuj yog muag.
Puas muaj tej yam shortcomings hauv no ntau yam: dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau them sai sai thaum loj hlob bushes "Valentina"?
Berries ntawm piav qhia ntawm grapes muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm kua txiv. Nyob rau hauv heev rainy xyoo, qhov no tau plays ib tug siab phem dag nrog lawv, vim lawv yuav tawg. Hmoov tsis, tib neeg tsis tau kawm txog qhov yuav ua li cas nrog tej yam zoo li cas, yog li koj yuav tsum tau npaj rau qhov tseeb tias vim li no ib feem me ntawm cov txiv hmab qoob loo yuav poob.
Ntau cov ntse ntse winegrowers tej zaum kuj xa mus rau cov flaws thiab muaj 2-3 noob nyob rau hauv lub berries, uas feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov tswv yim ntawm kev saj ntawm berries.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tsis yog txhua tus txaus siab "caulk" ntawm cov berries, tej zaum perceiving nws raws li ib co hom ntawm tsis paub hais tias tus kab mob. Tab sis, peb xav hais tias peb tau paub koj nrog cov txiv hmab hauv qhov kev nthuav dav thiab ob lub caij nyoog kawg yuav tsis mislead koj.
Yuav ua li cas yooj yim yog nws cog "Valentine" grapes? Kawm thiab xyaum
Kev cog cov txiv hmab pib nrog kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw uas nws yuav zoo tshaj rau nws kom loj hlob thiab dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no kab lis kev cai muaj qee cov nyiam, uas yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv koj tus account.
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho nws yog illumination, vim grapes yog ib lub kiv cua loj ntawm tshav ntuj. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv shaded chaw, muaj tsis txawm cia rau ib tug zoo kev loj hlob ntawm Bush. Vim li no, nws yuav zoo tshaj plaws los cog tsob ntoo ntawm sab qab teb sab ntawm lub vev xaib, yog li ntawm sab qaum teb nws tseem tiv thaiv los ntawm vaj tse los yog ntoo los ntawm cua los ntawm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum coj los rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov ciav dej thiab av. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj zaug, me tagnrho siab yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj, vim tias huab cua txias feem ntau stagnates nyob rau hauv cov lowlands, ua rau fungal kab mob ntawm lub vineyard.
Raws li rau cov av, feem ntau, cov ntawv piav qhia thiab cov kab lis kev cai feem ntau tsis muaj kev nyiam nyob rau hauv no hais txog. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cog bushes nyob rau hauv fertile thiab lub teeb av, qhov zoo tagnrho uas yog dub av.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis txaus fertility ntawm cov av, nws muaj peev xwm yuav fertilized ntawm nws tus kheej, uas yuav tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm Bush thiab nws fruiting.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus as khauj ntawm qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau muab lub pob zeb thiaj li tsis cog cov nroj tsuag heev. Txij li thaum lub "Valentina" Bush muaj ib qho kev loj hlob muaj zog, nws yog ib qho zoo tswvyim 4 x 6 meters. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ob qho tib si hauv paus system thiab tua yuav muaj txaus qhov chaw rau kev loj hlob thiab kom tau cov khoom tsim nyog.
Tab sis muaj lwm qhov tseem ceeb - qhov tob ntawm av. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias keeb kwm ntawm grapes feem ntau mus tob heev rau hauv lub depths, thiab yuav ntxuav los ntawm cov dej. Yog li, yog tias cov av hauv lub nce siab siab tshaj 3 meters rau cov av nto, nco ntsoov khawb tawm ntawm koj qhov chaw kua dej.
Yuav ua li cas kwv yees nrog lub sij yawm ntawm cog vines?
Nrog lub sij hawm koj tsis tas yuav twv, tab sis kom paub meej tias thaum twg thiab seb hom khoom cog cog. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib nqi hais tias grapes yog cog ob qho tag nrho nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab nyob rau hauv Autumn. Tib lub sij hawm, kev xaiv ntawm ib lub caij los yog lwm qhov tsis txawv, vim txhua tus muaj nws txoj hauj lwm zoo.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cog cov hnub yog heev ncab, tab sis ntawm no koj tuaj yeem mus rau txoj kev ntawm cog.
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov springtime, seedlings yog cog los yog cuttings yog cog, uas tau raug fwm kom txog thaum lub sij hawm no txij li thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, koj muaj peev xwm ua rau ceg, los yog tseem yuav cog seedlings. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lig caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab txawm nyob rau hauv thawj hnub ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, koj muaj peev xwm cog ntsuab seedlings.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, kev xaiv nrog txoj kev tsaws zis yog txawv ntau, txij li lub sijhawm no ntawm lub xyoo nws tseem tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv dormant xwb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsuas yog coj mus rau hauv tus account hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ntxov dhau, thiaj li hais tias lub grapes tsis pib loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub frosts, tab sis koj tsis tau cog grapes nyob rau hauv cov huab cua txias txawm. Yog li ntawd, lub sij hawm tsim nyog tshaj plaws yuav yog nruab nrab-Lub Kaum Hlis.
Peb cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo nplooj: dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis nco qab?
Ua ntej cog lub seedling, nyob rau hauv 2-3 lub lim piam nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los npaj lub aub tsiv. Qhov no yog ua li ntawd thaum ntxov rau yog vim li cas hais tias aub tsiv yog sau nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm fertilizer thiab fertile av, uas yuav tsum tau sift ua ntej ncaj qha cog ntawm ib tug grape Bush.
Siv ua chiv poov tshuaj ntsev, humus, nitrogen thiab superphosphates. Yuav kom tsis txhob puas lub keeb kwm nrog ib tug loj concentration ntawm lawv, ib txheej ntawm av uas tsis muaj chiv yuav tsum tau poured tshaj.
Kev npaj ib tug seedling yuav siv sij hawm tsis ntau lub sij hawm, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog xaiv ib tug zoo thiab tsis puas seedling. Nyob rau hauv kev, them sai sai rau hauv paus system, lub keeb kwm ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo yuav tsum dawb.
Ua ntej yuav tsaws paus system yog immersed nyob rau hauv dej rau ob peb hnub kom nws loj hlob. Koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov kev daws teeb meem uas yuav tsim kev tsim cov hauv paus hniav.
Txiav lub seedling rau hauv aub tsiv tsis nco qab tias nws caj dab hauv paus yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua ntawm cov av, thiab txawm ntau li ntawd, nws tau sau nrog nws. Bury lub qhov yuav tsum ua tib zoo thiab maj mam, sim kom tsis txhob puas lub hauv paus system, tab sis tsis txhob tawm khoob nrog cua.
Vim li no, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem piav qhia, 10 liters dej muab nchuav rau hauv lub qhov taub. Dej kuj xav tau ntxiv thaum tiav ntawm cog ntawm ib tug txiv hmab hauv hav txwv yeem thiaj li tau dej kom ntau. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov kev txhawb nqa rau lub hav txwv yeem thiab cov mulching ntawm cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm nws.
Nws tseem yog nyiam kom nyeem txog cov txiv hmab thaum ntxov
Grafting txiv hmab txiv ntoo cuttings: cas yooj yim yog nws?
Yuav kom loj hlob ib grapevine los ntawm lub qub Tshuag thiab varietal txiav "Valentina" koj xav tau:
- Los npaj ib tug soj caum nrog ib tug ntev ntawm 2-3 peepholes.
- Txiav qhov qis dua ntawm ob sab thiab txo nws mus rau hauv dej kom txog rau thaum lub caij nyoog ntawm kev txawb.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lub stalk yuav waxed, uas yuav nce nws stability thiab endurance.
- Kev npaj ntawm lub Tshuag ua ntej suav nrog tshem cov qub Bush, tom qab uas nws yuav txaus kom tawm ib lub stump ntawm 10 centimeters.
- Qhov ntuag ntub yuav tsum tau du, nws kuj yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav ntxiv kom zoo zoo.
- Yog xav tau ib daim ntawv nplaum, koj yuav tsum ua kom sib sib zog nqus hauv nws nrog ib lub ntse me me.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub txiav yog muab tso rau hauv lub cais. Koj yuav tsum tob zuj zus tsuas yog qhov uas yav tas los txiav tawm. Los tsim ib qho kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv, cov Tshuag yog tightly tightened thiab tseem coated nrog av nplaum. Tom qab ntawd - tag nrho cov tib yam kev ua uas tau ua thaum cog grapes nrog ib sapling: kev khawb hauv ib qho kev txhawb nqa, watering thiab mulching cov av.
Kev saib xyuas rau cov txiv hmab "Valentine": uas tseem ceeb tshaj yuav tsum tsis nco qab?
- Grapes hlub noo thiab kev pub mis. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau dej thiab fertilize lub bushes uas twb tau bearing txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, los ntawm heev heev ntawm lub caij loj hlob ntawm Bush, los yog txawm ntxov. Nitrogen thiab poov tshuaj phosphate chiv, kuj organic, muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm on grapes.
- Tom qab txhua tus watering, cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub stump ntawm ib tug Bush txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau them nrog mulch - Moss los yog sawdust.
- Yuav kom tsim kho lub tsim ntawm loj pawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau prune lub Bush txhua txhua lub caij nplooj zeeg. Txawm li ntawd los, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub hais tias cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia ntawm grapes yog pom zoo luv luv los yog medium pruning.
- "Valentina" hais txog npog los yog ib nrab ntawm daim ntaub npog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob nco qab thaum lub caij ntuj no frosts tau nce.
- Yuav kom tiv thaiv lub Bush los ntawm cov kab mob, nws yog ib txwm sprayed nrog herbicides rau kev tiv thaiv. Xws li kev kho mob yog nqa tawm ob zaug ua ntej flowering ntawm Bush thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm peas on grape inflorescences.
