Txhua txhua xyoo, ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm breeders, ntau thiab ntau grape ntau yam tshwm.
Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj, txij li niaj hnub kws tshawb fawb yeej ua kom qhov kev ntseeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, tsim kom muaj "super-variety."
Hmoov tsis, tab sis nyob rau hauv haiv neeg rau sustainability, qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsos ntawm pawg, yog feem ntau tso tawm los ntawm kev mloog.
Tsis tas li ntawd, zoo heev qub qub tsis nco qab lawm, uas nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm ib co ntawm lawv cov shortcomings, muaj ntau yam zoo dua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm saj ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nws yog hais txog xws li ib tug me ntsis tsis nco qab txiv hmab, uas muaj lub npe "Rizamat", thiab qhia rau koj nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.
"Nag hmo lub viticulture" - yog ntau yam hu ua Rizamat thiaj li yuav tsum tau txais?
Muaj ntau ntau yam zoo xws li cov kev zoo nkauj no, uas qhov tseeb tsis muaj tag nrho cov cai. Tsuas yog vim li cas qee cov winegrowers pub rau lawv tus kheej xws li kev qhia yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev laziness thiab lawv ntshaw cog ib lub vine thiab tsis nco qab txog nws ua ntej harvesting.
Vim tias qhov tseeb, Grapes "Rizamat" yuav tsum muaj kev saib xyuas, kev saib xyuas zoo thiab kev saib xyuas txhua xyoo. Txawm li ntawd los, rau xws li cov kev dag lub Bush yog npaj los them rov qab siab nrog unreal ntau cov qoob loo los ntawm zoo nkauj grapes thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog delicious berries.
Qhov ntau yam no yog xam rooj-raisin: zoo rau kev noj haus thiab rau cov khoom noj qhuav. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ib tug heev winegrower nrov los ntawm Uzbekistan lub npe Rizamat Musamuhamedov. Nws yog qhov yooj yim twv seb cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab muaj npe tom qab nws. Tau nws, siv ob lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas muaj lub npe "Katta-Kurgan" thiab "Parkent". Txawm li cas los xij, Rizamat ho ua dhau ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv niam txiv hauv qhov zoo thiab saj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Dab tsi ua rau Rizamat cov txiv hmab zoo li cas thiab seb lawv muaj dab tsi?
Qhov kev muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no yog nws cov pawg. Lawv muaj qhov loj loj thiab kev sib haum xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub pawg yog branched, nrog ib tug loj abundance ntawm berries, uas muab tso rau hauv pawg tsis heev tight. Rizamat grapes yog cylindrical nyob rau hauv cov duab. Qhov loj ntawm lub berries ua rau lawv heev hnyav - txog 15 grams. Ib qho txawv feature ntawm ntau yam yog xim ntawm berries: xim ntawm lawv cov tawv nqaij yog liab, tab sis ib sab ntawm cov Berry feem ntau muaj ib qho xim khaus, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kis tau lub hnub.
Nws kuj yog tsim nyog sau cia tias lub thickness ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog tsis siab, nws yog them nrog ib tug nyias waxy lo nyob rau sab saum toj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum noj mov, nws tsis tau muaj kiag li, ib yam li cov pob txha, uas tsis muaj ntau tshaj 4 hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Lub saj ntawm berries "Rizamat" cia li zoo. Cov nqaij muaj lub siab ceev thiab thaum twg koj noj nws ua rau txaj muag. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nqaij yog qab heev: nrog acid acid ntawm tsuas yog 5 g / l, uas yog tau los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm kom loj hlob, theem ntawm qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ncav 23-25%, uas yog ib qho qhia tau heev rau cov txiv hmab.
Ntev npaum li cas lub Rizamat grape ripen thiab dab tsi yog yield yield ntawm no ntau yam?
Grapes "Rizamat" yog hais txog thaum ntxov grape ntau yam. Tag nrho kom loj hlob ntawm nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub yim hli ntuj los yog pib ntawm lub Cuaj Hli. Hauv nruab nrab, nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua, qhov loj hlob rau lub caij ntawm grape Bush ntawm no ntau yam tuaj nyob rau hauv 150 hnub.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas thaum lub sij hawm lawv ripening av noo noo yog ruaj khov, lwm yam berries tau tawg heev ntseeg.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tshem tawm cov pawg ntawm Bush sai li sai tau thaum pib ntawm lawv cov kom loj hlob, txij thaum lawv tsis muaj peev xwm muab khaws cia nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug ntau yam.
Qis ntu ntau dua. Qhov no zoo heev rau qhov zoo kom loj hlob ntawm nws tua. Txog qhov nruab nrab productivity ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog ntawm "Rizamata" nrog thaj tsam ntawm ib hectare muaj peev xwm ntawm xeeb 200-250 centners. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, yog hais tias koj ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai agrotechnical rau kev loj hlob no ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tus sau yuav ntawm high siab zoo ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv tsos thiab nyob rau hauv nws cov saj.
Dab tsi lwm yam ntxwv ntawm Rizamat grapes yuav ntaus nqi rau nws txoj hauj lwm?
Tu siab, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tsuas yog thiab loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub grapes ntawm no ntau yam yog saj thiab volume ntawm qoob loo, uas Bush tau muab nyob rau hauv teb rau kev kho mob zoo thiab tau ceev faj. Ntawm qhov zoo zoo ntawm ntau yam yuav tsum tau tseem tau sau tseg:
• Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo thiab lawv cov kev nthuav qhia zoo.
• Siab tawm los thiab muaj nyob rau ntawm Bush bisexual paj, uas txhawb tsis tsuas zoo, tab sis kuj yog ib tug ruaj sau.
• Lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm kev cog qoob loo, uas yuav pab kom koj loj hlob tsis zoo rau hauv Central Asia, tab sis kuj nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Dub thiab ntau thaj tsam sab qaum teb.
• Cov khoom noj zoo zoo uas tsim los ntawm Rizamat grapes.
Disadvantages ntau yam "Rizamat": dab tsi yuav tsum tau npaj thaum nws loj hlob?
Lub ruaj ntseg ntawm grape Bush thiab lub Rizamat ntau yam, kom muab nws me ntsis, tsis heev. Raws li peb tau hais, grapes tau tawg thaum lub noo noo ntsiab lus ntawm cov av. tab sis dua li ntawd, lawv muaj ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm oidium thiab powdery mildew. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis kam mus rau tsawg kub ntawm ntau yam yog tsawg - nws yuav tsis hloov lub caij ntuj no tsis muaj sheltering.
Yog li, lub cultivation ntawm no ntau yam yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau ntawm kev kho mob rau vine: li niaj zaus spraying ntawm cov kab mob thiab zais rau lub caij ntuj no, xyuas qhov mob ntawm vine.
Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau txau tawm tsam fungal kab mob, kev ntsuas ntxiv feem ntau npaum li cas tawm tsam qoob loo puas los ntawm qhab. Lawv yog cov nyom tshwj xeeb tshaj rau cov nroj tsuag thaum tawg tawg berries tshwm rau nws los yog cuam tshuam los ntawm oidium. Yog li ntawd, rau wasps nws yog tsim nyog los teem tshwj xeeb cuab nrog ib tug heev Sweet syrup thiab tshuaj lom.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab "Rizamat" yuav tsum kuj muaj hais tias nws yog suab tsis yooj yim sua kom propagate nws los ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Es, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom ua tau qhov no, tab sis nws tsis pom zoo vim hais tias tsis ploj compatibility nrog lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam.
Qhov muaj cov kauj ruam ua tau zoo heev rau qhov zoo thiab ntau ntawm cov qoob loo. Yog hais tias lwm cov qoob loo tsim rau lawv, nws yuav tsis muaj zog ntawm lub hauv paus, ua lub ntsiab pawg thiab berries on lawv me. Rau qhov no yog vim li cas, tus menyuam me me ntawm tsob ntoo txiv hmab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
Yuav ua li cas yog hais tias tsis muaj sij hawm los saib xyuas ntawm ib tug grape Bush, tab sis koj xav kom loj hlob no ntau yam?
Tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus paub txog lub neej ntawm ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li "Rizamat", uas muaj ib lub npe zoo li nws - "Rizamat Stable". Nws tsis tsim nyog ntau heev yuav tsum khaws cia ntawm lub npe nws tus kheej, vim qhov txawv ntawm qhov ob hom yog txaus, tab sis muaj qee qhov nta. Ua ntej tshaj, "Rizamat Stable" feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm oidium thiab mildew, nws tolerates frosts thiab cov kev hloov hauv cov pwm txias dua.
Nws tseem ripens sai npaum li lub yooj yim Rizamat - tag nrho 130-135 hnub txij thaum nkag mus rau lub caij cog qoob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub berries nws muaj ntau tshaj nws cov thawj ntawm: txog 18 grams (tab sis cov pawg ntawm cov zoo qub Rizamata yog ntau loj thiab ntau zoo kawg li). Tsis tas li ntawd, txawv xim berries, uas tau nce ntau yam ntawm greenish-liab.
Tab sis tseem, tsis muaj teeb meem li cas refined "Rizamata Sustainable" yog, nws tsis succeed nyob rau hauv ua tiav qhov zoo thiab saj tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm yooj yim Rizamata muaj. Cov txheej txheem qab zib ntawm berries ntawm thawj qib yog tsuas yog 17%, tawm tsam 23% ntawm lub thib ob. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug ntau ruaj txiv hmab muaj tsuas yog poj niam paj, yog li ntawd nws yuav tsum tau cog ib pollinator ntau yam uas blooms nyob rau tib lub sij hawm raws li nws.
Peb cog Rizamat grapes: dab tsi yog cov nta thiab cov cai ntawm cog no ntau yam?
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav, cog ntawm no grape ntau yam yog tsis sib txawv los ntawm tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm cog grapes. tab sis tseem, muaj ntau yam nuances. Hauv particular, cov no yog:
• Rizamat txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws propagated by cog seedlings, txij li thaum grafting nws on ib tug txawv Tshuag tsis muab zoo tshwm sim thiab thiaj li ciaj sia taus.
• Bush ntawm no ntau yam yog muaj zog-zus, tau muaj nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw loj heev. Qhov no yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum xaiv ib qho chaw tsaws chaw. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum Bush yuav heev thickened, raws li qhov no yuav ua rau fungal kab mob.
• Ib qho cog qoob loo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov sib txuam no, vim nws yog ib qho tseem tsis tau txaus kom cia nws interlacing nrog lwm yam. Yog hais tias koj txiav txim siab cog "Rizamat" nyob ze lwm hom, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom nws huab ua ke, thaum ncaim ntawm lwm yam kev kub nyhiab rau tsawg kawg rau rau hli.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog qhov ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm EG Pavlovsky
Dab tsi lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau lub rooj yuav tsum tau xav?
Tsaj thiab stagnation ntawm huab cua txias yog heev teeb meem rau tej txiv hmab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog zoo dua cog qoob loo no qhov twg ntawm huab cua yog zoo ventilated, tab sis lub vine yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ncaj qha sab qaum teb cua. Yog li, sab qab teb lossis southwestern ntawm lub tsev, los yog lwm cov vaj tse tiaj tus, zoo tshaj plaws haum. Koj tuaj yeem cog "Rizamat" nyob ze lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tiam sis, koj tseem yuav tau tsim kev txhawb zog ntxiv rau lub hav txwv yeem. Los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev thaum cog ib lub hav zoov koj yuav tsum rov qab tawm yam tsawg ib lub 'meter'.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm grapes yog cov av nyob rau hauv uas nws yog cog. Nws yuav tsum yog lub teeb thiab fertile los xyuas kom meej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hauv paus system thiab mus nqa cov Bush nrog cov tshuaj nws xav tau.
Lub caij twg yog lub caij nyoog ntau txaus siab rau cog Rizamat grapes?
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cog grapes yuav txawv, vim cog no qoob loo yuav ua tau ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, muaj ob qho pluses thiab minuses.
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog ntawm grape seedlings yog nqa tawm los ntawm kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis mus txog thaum pib ntawm thawj lub caij ntuj sov. txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm seb yam sapling koj muas: zus rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab qhia tshwj xeeb uas muab tag nrho lub caij ntuj no mus txog caij nplooj ntoos hlav, los yog cog hauv lub caij ntuj no los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog hauv cov av. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, lub grapes yuav tsum tau cog li ntxov li sai tau, tab sis tom qab qhov pib ntawm thawj kub.
Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - tsuas yog kawg ntawm May, txij thaum ntsuab tua ntawm seedling tau puas los ntawm Frost. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tom qab cog lub grapes yuav tsum tau ntau ntawm noo noo thiab kev tiv thaiv, kom txog thaum nws adapts thiab pib kom paus hauv ib qho chaw tshiab. Ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau cog rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum lub caij hlob thawj zaug yuav muaj peev xwm loj hlob zoo thiab me ntsis tsim nws lub hauv paus system, uas yuav ua rau nws ntau resistant rau lub caij ntuj no frosts (tab sis nws tsis tsim nyog tsis kam nkaum lub Rizamat grape nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev).
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee cov nuances uas cog cov txiv hmab hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv kev, qhov no yog qhov muaj nyob rau hauv cov nurseries ntawm ib tug lossis loj xaiv ntawm ntau yam ntawm seedlings, uas nce koj lub caij nyoog mus nrhiav tau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yam xav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov av yog ntau hydrated nyob rau hauv Autumn, tsis yuav tsum tau xws li ib qho kev nplua mais ntawm dej xws li nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tsis tas li, Autumn cog yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib txoj kev ntawm khaws cia grape seedling kom txog rau thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, txij thaum nws tsis loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no.
Nrog ib tug zoo vaj tse, lub sapling tsis puas thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlob zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los cog lub grapes nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub kaum hli ntuj, thaum lub seedling twb dhau mus rau hauv lub dormant lub sij hawm, tab sis muaj tseem tsis Frost thiab txias.
Kom cog cov txiv hmab "Rizamat": dab tsi yog qhov secrets qab nws?
Cov pub leejtwg ntawm qhov tseeb cog ntawm Rizamat grapes lies nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua ntej ntawm aub tsiv rau yav tom ntej Bush. Tom qab tag nrho, rau ib tug zoo kev loj hlob ntawm Bush, nws yuav tsum tau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm chiv, uas yog thov mus rau hauv qab ntawm aub tsiv thaum lub sij hawm nws npaj. Qee qhov, cov kev ua hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua:
• Tsawg kawg yog 2 lub lim piam (yog tias koj npaj yuav cog rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tom qab ntawd lub caij nplooj zeeg) koj yuav tsum khawb ib txog li 80 centimeters sib sib zog nqus thiab nrog qhov dav.
• A 5 cm txheej ntawm crushed pob zeb yog pw rau nws qab.
• Tom qab lub rubble, muaj 10 centimeters ntawm fertile av, 2-3 thoob ntawm humus, thiab dua 10 centimeters ntawm av.
• Tag nrho cov "ncuav mog qab zib" no yog tov xyaw (tsuas yog pob zeb tsis chwv).
• Lub resulting txheej ntawm fertilizer yog them nrog lwm txheej ntawm av thiaj li hais tias keeb kwm ntawm seedling tsis hlawv nrog fertilizer.
• Qhov pit yog ua ntej cog, thiaj li hais tias lub fertilizer nyob rau hauv nws yog zoo subsided.
Nyob rau hauv lub interval, thaum cov av nyob rau hauv aub tsiv sags, koj yuav tsum tau saib rau lub Desired seedling. Thaum xaiv nws, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo mloog cov hauv paus: lawv yuav tsum dawb thiab tsis puas. Nyob rau hauv ib tug noj qab haus huv seedling, qhov txiav yog ntsuab.
Ua ntej cog, ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo seedling yuav tsum tau tuav rau ob peb hnub nyob rau hauv dej, uas yuav muaj txiaj ntsim cuam tshuam rau tsim ntawm keeb kwm.
Qhov ncaj cog cog ntawm grapes lies nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias lub seedling muab tso rau hauv lub qhov los mus rau theem ntawm lawv cov hauv paus ntseg tsho yog maj them nrog av kom txog rau thaum qhov aub tsiv yog ua kom them. Tom qab ntawd ib tug kev txhawb nqa yog tsav nyob rau hauv ze lub grapes, nws yog watered heev abundantly, thiab cov av nyob ib ncig nws nws them nrog ntau ntawm mulch. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub Bush yog them nrog xuab zeb, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nws yog them nrog ib tug thawv ntawv nrog ib tug slot rau sab saum toj ntawm lub seedling.
Kev tu kab txhuam txiv hmab txiv ntoo - ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyog uas yuav pab tau qhov nce ntxiv
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov dej txiv hmab, vim hais tias cov av nyob rau hauv nws yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias qhov hloov ntawm cov av noo. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb los ua li no ua ntej flowering ntawm Bush thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm grapes nyob rau pawg. Pouring dej ncaj qha nyob rau hauv Bush ntawm no ntau yam tsis yog nqi nws. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los khawb tawm cov dej khov dej tshwj xeeb, los yog ua rau cov tawv nqaij hauv cov av, uas yog faus thiab mulched tom qab ntub dej. Raws li mulch yog zoo dua mus siv moss los yog darkened sawdust. Qhov siab txheej ntawm mulch yog 3 centimeters.
Top-hnav khaub ncaws ntawm grapes yog lub hauv paus rau raising lub kev loj hlob ntawm Bush, thiaj li mus hais txog ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Grapes yog tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm poov tshuaj-phosphate chiv thiab organic teeb meem. Koj yuav tsum ua kom lawv los yog thaum digging, los yog thaum ywg dej.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntau yam txiv ntoo Bush "Rizamat" tsis tu ncua pruned thiab muab tshem tawm stepchildren. Vim li no, lub Bush yuav thinned tawm thiab zoo dua ventilated, uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm fungal kab mob ntawm lub vineyard. Tsis tas li ntawd Qhov no ntau yam pom zoo chasing tua thiab txiav tawm nplooj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lawv muaj zog tsub zuj zuj. Pruning vigorous shrub yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsis muaj pity rau shrub: txhua tua yog txiav tsawg kawg 6 buds kk.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv lub Bush los ntawm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm mildew thiab oidium, lub Bush yog prophylactically kho nrog tshuaj preparations 3 zaug ib lub caij. Nws yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm xws li ib tug txheej txheem 2 lub sij hawm ua ntej flowering ntawm Bush thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm peas on inflorescences. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv tshuaj yog Bordeaux sib tov, Kuproskat thiab Strobe npaj.
