Thaum koj tau txiav txim siab los cog cov av nrog rye, koj tsis tau yuam kev. Qhov no yog ib qho kev yeej-yeej xaiv, yog tias tsuas yog vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov kev cai agronomy yog dav siv raws li ib tug ntsuab fertilizer thiab ib cov tshuaj ntawm cov av. Tus tua tau qoob loo tseem yuav siv - muaj ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus thiab noj zaub mov, qhov loj hauv cov khoom nplej, bran thiab rye txha. Peb tau tswj los ua cov tswv yim tswv yim los ntawm cov kws paub txog kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws txog kev npaj cov kev npaj, cog thiab cog qoob loo.
Koj puas paub? Cov rye muaj liaj teb nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho Northern Hemisphere ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov loj tshaj plaws manufacturers yog lub teb chaws Yelemees, Poland, Russia, Suav teb. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, li 640 tons tau sau txhua xyoo.
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab caij ntuj no rye: kev piav qhia
Yuav pib nrog, peb txhais tau tias dab tsi rye yog, dab tsi yog nws cov nta thiab txawv.
Rau cov hom phiaj rau kev ua tiav loj hlob ntawm cov qoob cog qoob loo, tau txais hauv cov txheej txheem kev hla cov tsiaj qus thiab cog qoob loo. Tsis tshua ntsib. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine, ntau yam "Tatyanka" thiab "Vesnyanka" yog nrov, thiab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb - "Odessa perennial".
Yuav kom tau raws li zaub mov xav tau thiab raws li ib qho ntsuab manure, rye yog siv, uas loj hlob rau ib xyoos. Feem ntau, pawg no yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom diploid ("Amanda", "Struggle", "Bohuslavka"), uas yog cov ua tsis taus pa thiab ua kom pom teeb meem. Lawv kuj yog unpretentious mus rau tej yam kev mob loj hlob. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntev thiab kev sim ntawm cov neeg cog khoom ntawm creded nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tetraploid rye, piv txwv li, "Puhovchanka", cov cim cov cim uas muaj kev ruaj siab rau chaw stems thiab loj grain.
Haib lub hauv paus system txawv txhua xyoo rye ntau yam. Lub spongy keeb kwm deepens los ntawm 1.5 - 2 meters thiab tsis nyob ntawm dej. Ntxiv mus, lawv muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov khoom noj. Nrog sib sib zog nqus cog ntawm noob, Bush nodes raug tso rau ob theem: Upper thiab qis. Qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ib qho nyob rau hauv txheej txheej hauv av. Nyob rau hauv dej siab mob, ntau tshaj 50 tua tau loj hlob los ntawm ib cov noob. Productivity nyob rau hauv 20 - 40 c / hectare.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas txhua txhua xyoo thiab herbaceous herbaceous ntawm tsev neeg ntawm cereals raug muab faib ua ob genus: caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj no. Tsis hais txog ntawm kev faib tawm, rye belongs rau resistant aggressive nroj tsuag thiab raws li qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov yam ntxwv tshaj prevails hla lub hom qoob mog. Firstly, nws yog tsawg dua xav tau kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv, ob zaug, tsuas yog phytosanitary thaj chaw yog xam qhov hauv nws, thiab thirdly, cov nroj tsuag resists kab mob thiab pests zoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias muaj me ntsis poov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov av, rye nplooj yuav tsim tsis zoo, kev siv ntawm Bushiness thiab qhov chaw ua hauj siab tsis kam yuav txo. Nrog ib tug tsis muaj phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj, cov nroj tsuag ua rhiab rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv kub.
Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, lub caij ntuj no cov qoob loo yog sown ntau tshaj (Niva, Khakada, Drevlyanskaya). Lawv paib ntau dua los ntawm cov neeg pluag xuab zeb xau, cia siab rau acidity ntawm cov av, caij nplooj ntoos hlav droughts thiab ntsia hlau ntsia thaum lub caij daus snow vinters. Yog tsis muaj npog yuav muaj sia nyob 25 degrees ntawm Frost. Lub caij ntuj no rye yog txawv los ntawm kev lom nta thiab muab thawj tua ntawm 1 - 2 ° S, thiab nyob rau hauv 12 ° C zaub tag kom tighten qhov chaw thiab sai sai Bush. Qhov nruab nrab, qhov loj hlob rau lub caij pib ntawm 270 mus rau 350 hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov kab lis kev cai tseem ceeb heev rau siab kub, yuav thicken thaum thickening, thiab thaum siv raws li ib nrab nroj tsuag nws dries cov av heev ntau. Cog rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov zaub yuav tsum tau muab ywg dej kom huv si. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog sown nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, mus rau ntau dua nyob hauv thaj av Carpathian thiab thaj tsam mountainous ntawm Carpathians. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus thiab sab qaum teb thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine, nws yog feem ntau zus raws li ib qho ntawv kho mob tawm tsam khov ntawm lub caij ntuj no cov qoob loo, thiab raws li nyob rau hauv pub mixtures. Nrov ntau yam yog "Onokhoy", "Tulunskaya", "Kabarda". Lawv peculiarity yog qhov yuav tsum tau nce lub seeding tus nqi vim phem tillering. Txawm tias muaj qhov txawv ntawm txhua xyoo txhua hom tsiaj cog qoob loo, cov nplej cog qoob loo nyob hauv kev ua liaj ua teb.
Nta ntawm cog rye
Sowing rye on ib zaub vaj, koj tiv thaiv nws los ntawm erosion thiab enrich nws nrog nitrogen, poov tshuaj, organic tshuaj uas ua rau kom loosening thiab huab cua permeability ntawm cov av. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tau tshem ntawm meem txom pests thiab weeds. Txawm perennials zoo li wheatgrass thiab knotting yuav tsis sawv ntsug.
Nws yog xav tau rau lub caij ntuj no rye los npaj lub tsev kawm ntawv ua ntej thiab npaj nws cov sowing tom qab lig cov qoob loo. Nws kuj siv tau ua ib qho kev ua rau cov tuag thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lossis los ua ib qho nruab nrab. Tsis xav tias agronomists hu rye ntsuab fertilizer, uas yog tsis inferior nyob rau hauv nws zoo mus rau humus thiab pob zeb hauv av complexes. Rau lub hom phiaj no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xam lub sowing thiaj li interstices ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej siderat yuav tsim ua ntej caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Nyob rau hauv lub off-season, thaum feem ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov zaub flora tsis tau tag nrho tsim, lub keeb kwm ntawm rye loosen cov av, thiab nrog lub pib ntawm ib tug thaw, lawv germinate, uas sai sai nce biomass. Lub germination ntawm tua yuav accelerated los ntawm harrowing lub txaj nrog ib tug rake. Hthiab ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej cog cov qoob loo loj, cov qoob loos tau txiav, yog tias lawv qhov siab nce mus txog 60 cm, thiab lawv muab faus los ntawm 3-5 cm hauv av, yog li ntawd qhov loj yog tangled thiab earthworms raug mob nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau nruab nrab, txog 5 kg ntawm ntsuab yuav tsum yog ib square meter. Qos yaj ywm, zucchini, txiv lws suav, taub dag, cabbage, cucumbers yuav sai sai rau xws li ib thaj av.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws tsis pom zoo cog qoob loo thiab sorrel tom qab rye, thiab ib tug rye txaj tsis tau tsim nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm perennial legumes.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom sow lub cereal tom qab lupine, oats, perennial grasses nrog ib txiav, flax, silage pob kws, qos yaj ywm. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog tom qab no paus qoob loo uas cov av yog mob nrog nematodes thiab yog nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm rehabilitation, rau uas rye yog xav tau.
Yuav ua li cas npaj lub av rau rye
Nyob ntawm cov thawj ntawm cov av thiab cov huab cua thiab cov huab cua puag, lub ntsiab thiab qhov npaj tillage yog nqa tawm. Npaj pib ib lub hlis ua ntej sowing. Kom pib plowing sab saum toj txheej nrog los yog tsis muaj rab khais. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm lub site qhov twg rye yuav loj hlob, tom qab thaum ntxov ripening nroj tsuag, lub ntsiab tillage yog nqa tawm raws li semi-steamed. Nws yog ib qho los yog ob daim di ncauj thiab plowshare, plowing plough mus rau ib qhov tob ntawm 22 - 25 cm thiab ob-peb cultivations, thiab txhua lub sij hawm txo qhov tob los ntawm ob peb centimeters.
Thaum cog qoob tom qab taum flax, qos yaj ywm, lub vaj teb yog huv ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab kho nrog tiaj tiaj-cutters nrog ib tug tob ntawm 10 - 12 cm Nyob rau hauv littered txaj, lawv tob mus rau 20 - 22 cm.
Yog hais tias pob kws rye thiab herbaceous perennials muaj precursors ntawm lub caij ntuj no rye, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm disc harrows mus rau ib qhov tob ntawm 12 cm thiab plough 25 cm down lub plough.Cia tseem ceeb av tillage nrog neej coj tuaj iav units - 2.5 los yog tiaj-txiav nrog harrows, hopper rollers.
Tom qab grain, lub cheeb tsam yog peeled thiab plowed mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 16-18 cm nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine thiab 20-22 cm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus central-yav qab teb. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nqa tawm dov thiab harrowing. Xav txog, yog hais tias muaj tsawg heev sij hawm sab laug ua ntej sowing rye, nws yog zoo dua ua nrog rau qhov kev kho mob saum npoo ntawm disc shells.
Lupine, zus rau fertilizer, yog faus rau hauv av los ntawm 25 cm, thaum grayish me peas raug tsim rau nws. Lub teb chaws yog plowed mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 18 - 20 cm.
Yog li ntawd hais tias npaj cheeb tsam yog tsis overgrown nrog weeds ua ntej sowing, nws yog periodically cultivated thiab harrowed. Ua ntej sowing, cultivator yog ib zaug dua kho mus rau ib tug tob ntawm txo lub grain. Qee cov agronomists pom zoo kom muaj lwm txoj kev sib sau ua ke ntawm hom RVK - 3.6, RVK - 5.4.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm pathological microbes, noob yog sown ua ntej sowing nrog Fundazole (2.5-3 kg / ton), Tranozan (1 kg / ton), Baytan (2 kg / ton). Nyuaj tsis pom zoo rau cog tshiab, tsis yog piled li grain, vim hais tias lawv tsis tau npaj txhij rau germination.
Lub sij hawm zoo sowing lub sij hawm
Lub sij hawm thaum rye yog sown ua ntej lub caij ntuj no nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam, climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm thaj av, av noo noo, lub precursor thiab huab cua. Piv txwv li, diploid tsiaj thiab rye nrog pluag yav dhau los vaj txaj yuav tsum tau thaum ntxov sowing. Los tsim ib qho dej siab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab tiv thaiv overgrowth ntawm cov qoob loo, txo nws Frost tsis kam, lub caij ntuj no cov qoob loo yuav tsum tau sown nyob rau hauv ob ib nrab ntawm lub sij hawm pom zoo. Vim li ntawd, cov qauv qis tshaj plaws yuav muaj sij hawm tsim kom muaj kev txhim kho ntxiv.
Nyob rau hauv Ukrainian ua liaj ua teb Enterprises ntawm Western ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws thiab cov Forest-Steppe rau ib tug muaj kev nyab xeeb wintering, lawv sown nyob rau hauv ob xyoo caum ntawm Cuaj hlis, nyob rau hauv Polesie - nyob rau hauv thawj, nyob rau hauv lub Steppe - nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - thib peb xyoo caum.
Paub hais tias ceev ceev rye hlob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob nco lub sijhawm. Qhov nruab nrab, sowing yuav tsum tshwm sim 50 hnub ua ntej kub dauv tsis tu ncua (4 - 5 ° S). Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tus tua yuav tuaj yeem muaj zog thiab nce siab ntxiv 25 cm Yog tias koj tau cog ntxov lossis lig dhau lawm, kev coj noj coj ua tsis tau lub caij ntuj no.
Lub caij ntuj no ntau yam yuav sown nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tab sis lub qoob loo yuav tsum tsis suav. Hauv kev txiav txim rau cov kab lis kev cai kom muaj sijhawm, lawv nqa nws cov vernalization - cov noob qom mus rau ib millimeter yog hmoov nrog ntub dej substrate thiab xa rau ib lub hlis hauv lub cub tawg. Tom qab nqa tawm manipulations yog sown. Muaj ib lub tswv yim tias thaum lub rye zus los ntawm no txoj kev yog harvested, nws tawm los nce.
Sowing tshuab (txoj kev)
Nws muaj peb txoj hauv kev ntawm sowing:
- qhov niaj zaus ntiag tug nrog tramlines (qhov zoo tshaj plaws, raws li nws tso cai rau koj kom sib npaug muab faib lub noob);
- nqaim;
- hla.
Lub caij ntuj no rye nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm sowing thiab cov kev nyob ze rau hom qoob mog. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov tob rau hauv cov av dub nrog ib qho chaw txaus ntawm 3-4 cm, ntawm lub teeb xau yog 5-6 cm, thiab nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua 7-8 cm Tsis txhob hnov qab tias lub tillering ntawm rye yog ze rau cov hauv paus hniav, yog li ntawd ib qho kev nyuaj siab tsis txawv .
Inter-kab chaw yog ua los ntawm 15 - 20 cm.
Koj puas paub? 100 g ntawm rye grain muaj 8.8 g ntawm proteins; 60.7 g ntawm carbohydrates; 1.7 g rog; 13.7 g dej; 13.2 g ntawm kev noj haus fiber; 1.9 g ntawm cov tshuaj minerals, as Well as insignificant cov nqi ntawm cov vitamins ntawm pawg B, PP, E thiab fiber.
Rye: cov cai ntawm kev saib xyuas (nroj, kab tua kab, tillage, to top hnav khaub ncaws)
By thiab loj, tu rau txuag rye, piv rau cov nplej, yog yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua. Qhov kev tshab txhais txog qhov no yog qhov ua tiav ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau cov cab thiab cov qog. Ua ntej yuav loj hlob rye, qhia rau peb paub txog nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, ntxeem tau lawv los ntawm cov caij nyoog.
Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim tej yam kev mob rau zoo germination, rooting, tillering thiab pouring ntawm cereals. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, lub cheeb tsam sown yog dov nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm hnyav xau. Txwv tsis pub, koj khiav txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm compacting loj nplej thiab av, txais ib lub zog ntom, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau nyem qhov tua.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub vaj teb txaj yuav tsum zoo dua yuav kho nrog ib phosphorus-potassium sib tov, uas yuav ntxiv dag zog thiab txhawb lub hardening ntawm rye. Rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tua, nitrogen-muaj chiv tsis tau qhia tsis tau - lawv yuav rhuav tshem cov peev xwm-txias-resistant ntawm ntau yam.
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, koj yuav tsum tau pab cov nyom kom kov yeej cov khaub thuas, ua rau cov dej khov ua si thiab lwm yam teeb meem loj tuaj. Yuav khaws khaws cia cov qoob loo thiab nce nws cov qoob loo yuav pab tau tuav tseg ntawm daus. Hauv cov liaj teb loj, nws yog siv los ntawm cov menyuam yaus, thiab tom tsev nws muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub hnav cov txhuam hniav lossis ntaub thaiv shields.
Ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj mus rau lub Peb Hlis Ntuj, tus tswv tsev muaj kev loj hlob mus kuaj rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov kev ntsuas kom paub ntxiv.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav koj yuav tsum ua kom paub tseeb tias daim teb tsis muaj dej. Yog tias nws sawv ntau tshaj 10 hnub hauv lub teb, txhua yam yuav ploj mus. On sandy av, uas tas li muaj peev xwm los ntawm ib tug tsis muaj noo noo, muaj ib tug xav tau kom khaws thawed ntws. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm ib tug ntse ntxov ntxov thaw, yob nyob rau hauv ib tug roller kom snow cover cover rau nws. Cov txheej txheem yuav pab rye kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ciaj sia nyob tom ntej no frosts. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob condense tag nrho ib ncig, tawm hauv aisle.
Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm tshav kub, ob peb hnub tom qab lub ntiaj teb pob tseg ua ke, siv harrowing mus ua puas lub qwj sab thiab tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag uas tau tshwm sim. Rye aggressively displaces lwm cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub site, yog li ntawd herbicides yog tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv ntau heev littered qhov chaw.
Koj puas paub? Rye ntaus lub teb zoo li ib tug nroj tsuag. Thaum xub thawj lawv tau ntsib nrog nws, thiab Asians txaus siab rau nws txoj kev ntshaw thiab pib cog nws. Qhov kawg cog qoob loo ua cov Slavs.
Tsis ntev nws yuav tsim nyog los pub lub sprouts uas ciaj tom qab lub caij ntuj no. Agronomists pom zoo kom thov pob zeb hauv av chiv ob: nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab tillage nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Cov qhab nia raug muab xam rau qis qis dua lub caij ntuj no, vim tias ntau npaum li cas ua rau muaj kev ywj pheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, rye absorbs muab kev pab cuam txawm los ntawm tsis muaj av av depths ntau ntau intensively. Hauv nruab nrab, 45 mus rau 90 kg ntawm nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium yog siv ib hectare. Kev hloov kho ua kom ntseg xau. Tus nqi nce thaum lub prursors muaj stubble, thiab thaum loj hlob tetraploid rye hom. Tab sis tom qab pob kws nws yog worthwhile kom nce ntawm tus nqi ntawm nitrogen, thiab, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, kom txo tau tom qab peas, perennial nroj tsuag nroj tsuag.
Ib koob tshuaj ntawm cov kua tshuaj chiv, 80% ntawm phosphorus koob yog siv thaum tilling, ntxiv 20 - 15% ntawm phosphorus - thaum sowing. Raws li kev xaiv, nyuaj-rau-decompose phosphate hmoov tov nrog manure thiab peat yog xam. On pluag substrates, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog rau daim ntawv fertilizer nrog nitrogen (30 kg / Ha).
Rau ntxiv pub rau ntsuab loj, 30-60 kg / ha ntawm nitrogen yog tswvcuab hauv theem peb ntawm organogenesis, thiab 30 kg / his ntawm plaub theem. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw acidic, thaum lub pH yog tsawg tshaj li 5, lub caij ntuj no cov qoob loo tsis muaj txaus txiv qaub (3-5 t / his), thiab nyob rau hauv ntsev marshes - gypsum (3-5 t / ha).
Los ntawm cov organic chiv rau rye, manure yog ib qho tseem ceeb, compost mixtures ntawm peat thiab manure, phosphate pob zeb nrog txiv qaub.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, tsis muaj kev xav tau rau tillage, txawm li cas los, kev kho mob tsis nres. Tam sim no los txog lub sij hawm los tiv thaiv kab tsuag, kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kev ntsuas. Txawm tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm rye, vim muaj qee qhov xwm txheej, nws yog qhov ua tau hais tias lub caij ntuj no cov qoob loo muaj tus kab mob nrog ib tug daus. Nws caterpillars tuag nyob rau hauv tus ntawm insecticides. Cov nroj tsuag yog hlub los ntawm weevils, grain beetles, yoov, turuns, thiab cross-footed. Lawv lwj lub stems thiab grain. Ntsuam xyuas txhua lub sij hawm saib xyuas lub vaj thiab ua rau nws nyob hauv cov huab cua ntsiag to nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Pests yuav ploj los ntawm cov av, yog hais tias tus raws sij hawm harvesting ntawm lub caij ntuj no rye thiab straw thiab kom npaj cov av. Seeding yuav tsim nyog.
Tsis txhob hnov qab pluck tsawg yam nroj. Ua kom tsis txhob muaj chaw pw, lawv tau siv nrog Kampazon 50% (3-4 l / ha) los yog Kampazon tus sib xyaw (1, 5-2 l / ha) thiab TURA (3 l / ha) hauv cov txheej txheem khau raj. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub xeem tshuaj muaj peev xwm yuav tov nrog herbicides, yog hais tias muaj ib tug xav tau rau lawv kev taw qhia.
Koj puas paub? Rye yog siv los ua hmoov nplej, hmoov nplej, malt, haus dej cawv, kvass, qhob cij, raws li tshuaj thiab khoom siv rau kev vov ru tsev. Nws muaj expectorant, laxative, immunostimulating, kev noj haus cov khoom. Kev siv tau rau ntawm lub plawv thiab leeg tshav mob, cov kab mob hauv lub cev, ua rau cov metabolism hauv kev txhim kho.
Yuav ua li cas kom zoo ntxuav rye
Cov rye ripens thaum lub lis piam zoo nyob rau hauv lub spikelet thiab tsis crumble, txawm li ntawd los, cov tshuaj qhuav cease nkag mus rau nws. Harvesting grain loj pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm siv quav ciab ripeness, tiv thaiv kev poob ntawm noob thiab chaw pw nrog. Txoj kev no yog nqa tawm thawj zaug siv cov thooj ntawv nrog ib qho kev pom tuab ntawm 20 cm, 15 cm - nrog ib tug tshaj ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab 25 cm - nrog drought. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub ua ke tsis hloov cov lus qhia, pob ntseg ntawm grain yog pub rau hauv lub header. Lub caij ntuj no rye nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm sau ripens sai dua nplej rau 7 - 8 hnub. 
Lub resulting grain yog thawj zaug ntxuav, txheeb, thiab tom qab ntawd ces mus rau qhov ziab thiab cia.
Tev plhaw hauv lub vaj thiab plowing cov av mus rau qhov tob ntawm 20 cm Rau yav tom ntej, kev siv cov tshuab ib nrab siv thiab peb lub sij hawm cog qoob yuav tsis cuam tshuam. Cov kev ntsuas no yuav ceeb toom cov kab lis kev cai yav tom ntej los ntawm cov cab thiab fungi.
