Txawm hais tias tom ntej glance, tus txheej txheem ntawm grafting grapes zoo yooj yim txaus, tab sis yog hais tias koj tiag nug txog nws nta - lub taub hau yuav saws.
Ua ntej - nyob rau hauv hom kev txhaj tshuaj, ces - nyob rau ntau theem uas yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej inoculation.
Tab sis feem ntau tseem ceeb, nws yog armed nrog ib tug txoj kev xav, thiab ces txhua yam yuav mus zoo li clockwork. Nws yog hais txog cov nta ntawm grafting grapes thiab yuav tham txog hauv qab no.
Peb yuav sim qhia rau koj kom meej thiab txhawm rau txhua theem ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg caij nplooj ntoos hlav inoculation thiaj li pab koj loj hlob ib qho zoo heev thiab fertile cog ze koj lub tsev.
Yuav ua li cas yog cov hom grape grafting?
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev cog cov txiv hmab ntawm cov kws kho vaj tse thiab cov amateurs. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog controversially zoo, tab sis nws tseem worthwhile mus xaiv lawv nyob rau hauv raws li ib tug lub caij.
- Caij nplooj ntoos hlav txiv hmab txiv ntoo grafting feem ntau underground. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, muaj ntau yam txawv heev ntawm cov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntawm lawv yog cov nram qab no: splitting, peripheral splitting, taub qab thiab taub qab, underground txiv hmab txiv ntoo grafting rau ib qho hauv paus, cov khoom ntawm ib tug neeg laus txiv ntoo hauv lub xyoo ntawm transplanting lossis thaum lub caij hauv paus grafting, grafting los ntawm copulation yooj yim.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lub caij ntuj sov. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xyaw ua ke. Piv txwv li, lignified sprouts yuav ua tau rau hauv grape mus rau grape sprout, uas twb tau tswj kom tawg. Grape petioles feem ntau yog grafted rau otbodkovye saplings. Nws yog ib qho kev paub zoo ntawm lub caij ntuj sov grafting, thaum ib tug ntsuab soj caum los yog ib tug rov qab eeb yog grafted mus rau ib ntsuab grapevine.
- Autumn txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog feem ntau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub grape Bush. Feem ntau, ib lub qub shrub yog cog nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, uas tau sim ceased los tsim loj loo, los yog thaum cultivator tsis haum lub gardener. Siv cov ntoo uas twb txhim tsa thiab nws txoj hauv paus hauv paus ntawm qhov qub ntawm cov laus cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau yooj yim tuaj yeem cog cov cua tshiab.
Nws tsim nyog them nqi rau lwm tus kev faib tawm ntawm grape graftinguas muaj nyob rau hauv lub npe saum toj no:
- Grafting nrog ib tug dub graft mus rau ib tug dub ib. Hom tshuaj txhaj no feem ntau siv thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm nws mus dhau xyoo lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo khiav dim, los yog lub qia, uas yog Tshuag, tseem grafted dhau xyoo twb paub hlob graft - ib tug ntaub thaiv npog nrog ib tug Bud los yog ib tug txiav.
- Grafting "black" graft rau lub "ntsuab" Tshuag. Xws li ib tug graft yuav nqa tawm ob qho tag nrho nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tom qab blooming ntawm grape tua, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Nws lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias xyoo tas los lub "dub" petiole yog grafted mus rau ib qho uas twb tau tawg paj ntsuab "ntsuab" los sis ib tsob ntoo txiv ntoo.
- Rub ib qho ntsuab rau ib qho ntsuab. Hauv qhov no, kev txhaj tshuaj muaj tshwm sim thaum lub caij ntuj sov lossis caij nplooj zeeg. Ib qho uas twb tau tawg paj dawb twb muab coj los rau hauv tib qho ntsuab, uas tseem tsis tau muaj sij hawm mus rau lub caij ntuj no dormancy, lub Tshuag.
Peb yuav qhia rau koj txog lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm grape graft, thaum lub stalk ntawm ib tug ntau yam yog grafted mus rau shtambu ntawm lwm.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog cov nta ntawm cog ntxhais grapes.
Peb phua lub shtambum txiv hmab txiv ntoo nplooj mus ua txhaum
Vim hais tias tag nrho taw tes ntawm xws li ib tug scion yog tias ib tug ntsia hlau loj yog cog hauv ib qho chaw split shtambnws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua kom zoo thiab ua qhov no "splitting". Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob puas Bush, vim hais tias nws yuav nyob ntawm nws cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm grafted grapes.
Ua ntej koj pib splitting, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej tsim nyog. Qee qhov, koj yuav tsum muaj lub me me, txaug los yog lub taub hau me ntsis (lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso ntawm qhov sib cais ntawm lub qia kom lawv tsis sibling rov qab), thiab ib tug rauj.
Lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo feem ntau muaj lub qij txha. Yog li ntawd, mus faib nws ua raws li tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, raws li yog hais tias los ntawm lub loj diameter. Ua tib zoo muab peb lub plhaub rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub pob tw thiab ntsiag to, maj mam tsav nrog lub plhaub.
Koj txoj hauj lwm yog kom tsuas phua lub pob tw ntawm ib tug Bush, tab sis nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis tas yuav ua kom sib cais no tob heev. Nws yuav txaus yog tias tus txaug los yog tus ntaus ntsaws nruj heev heev hauv lub qhov. Peb tawm hauv shtam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no thiab pib mus rau cuttings, uas peb yuav siv raws li grafts.
Yog vim li cas thiab yuav ua li cas paraffin grape stalks rau graft?
Nyob rau hauv lub waxing txhais tau hais tias tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tuav cov txiv hmab qoob loo nrog paraffin.
Waxing yog ua kom tau npaj lub qia rau lub caij nplooj zeeg pib zoo thiab thiaj li hais tias nws muaj peev xwm dij lub caij ntuj no zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov tseeb yog tias nyias txheej ntawm paraffin tau tuav qhov tsim nyog yuav ya raws hauv lub qia, tom qab uas nws tsis overdry thiab yog tau khom cia zoo rau ib tug tshiab Tshuag.
Ua ntej koj pib ua siv lub grape petioles, soak ua ntej lawv nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw heteroosein. Cov tshuaj heteroozin yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob, hauv particular, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib lawv cov hlwb. Yog li ntawd, cov petioles soaked nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug daws yuav ntau cuam sai thiab ntau zoo rau noj paus nyob rau Tshuag.
Peb npaj mus rau kev npaj ntawm paraffin, uas yuav tsum tau melted. Ua li no, nyob rau hauv ib lub nkoj me me los yog cov saucepan, sau cov dej me me thiab muab pov npav rau hauv nws. Tom ntej no, muab tso rau hauv hluav taws thiab tos kom txog thaum lub paraffin yog ua tiav hauv dej (nws yuav tsum boil me ntsis). Molten paraffin tsis hnov mob nrog dej thiab tsis sib xyaw nrog nws. Nws tsuas yuav ntab rau ntawm nws qhov chaw.
Waxing cuttings yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo zoo thiab sai sai. Ua ib daim kab xev rau hauv koj txhais tes, koj yuav tsum nrawm nrawm nrog rau koj ob lub qhov muag mus rau hauv cov xim yaj yas (peb feem ntau - ua kom cov pa nchuav ob peb xuab moos xwb, cia li mus rau paraffin them nws) thiab ceev nrooj tawm.
Tom qab, tam sim ntawd txo qis "ploj" petiole rau hauv dej kom thiaj li txias txias. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias zoo rau nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau siv cov petioles qhuav, tsis li ces paraffin yuav lo rau lawv heev (peb twb tau sau tseg tias cov dej repels paraffin).
Cov lus qhia rau qhov txiav qhov tseeb
Nws mus tsis tau hais tias qhov kev npaj tsis ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem siv qeeb hauv ib qho khoom tshiab. Vim li no, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho nws yuav tsum tau txiav kom thiaj li, thawj, tsis txhob puas qhov txiav nws tus kheej, thiab ob zaug, kom tsis txhob puas nws lub qhov muag. Yog li, cov txheej txheem nram qab no yuav tsum raug xam tias:
- Tsuas yog qhov qis dua ntawm kev txiav yog pruned.uas peb yuav clamp nruab nrab ntawm qhov seem ntawm lub qia ntawm ib tug grape Bush.
- Koj yuav tsum txiav txog 2.5-3 centimeters, yog li ntawd koj tau txais ib daim ntaub ntawm tapered.
- Lub txiav ntawm txiav yuav tsum me ntsis hauv qab lub bud nyob ze tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum khiav tawm los ntawm nws kwv yees li 0.5-0.8 centimeters.
- Tom qab ntawd yuav ua li cas chop tawm lub soj caum ntawm ob sab "on the wedge", tawm hauv "hangers" ib ncig.
- Nco ntsoov tias qhov txiav qhov txiav yuav tsum ua kom zoo heev, yog li tsis txiav kom ntau dhau. Nws yog zoo dua mus nqa tawm pruning maj, ob peb zaug, txhua lub sij hawm nce tus txiav.
- Nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob kov qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev txiav, maj mam tuav lub txiav los ntawm "hangers".
- Tom qab pruning yog tseem ceeb heev rau muab tso rau soj caum hauv dej. Yog li, nws yuav tsis muaj lub sijhawm rau oxidize ua ntej lub sij hawm ntawm nws direct graft mus rau grape octopus, thiab tej zaum yuav pib bloom nyob rau hauv dej.
Peb tab tom npaj ib qho khoom qab zib rau cov khoom cog
Peb twb qhia saum toj ntawd ua ntej grafting rau soj caum yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nyob hauv dej. Heev feem ntau nws yog nyob rau hauv cov dej nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, kom txog thaum ntsuab nplooj tshwm rau nws. Qhov no yuav qhia tias qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev txiav rau qhov khoom siv. Yog hais tias nws tsis yaj hauv dej, ntxiv manipulations nrog nws yuav tsis siv, txij li ib qho kev txiav yog 100% qhuav los yog puas.
Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb heev muab txiav rau hauv kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb, uas yuav tsim kev tsim tawm ntawm keeb kwm thiab cell division ntawm graft, yog li, kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm engraftment ntawm qia mus rau qia. Cov tshuaj no yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua "Humate".
Rau dipping lub cuttings nyob rau hauv 1 liter dej koj yuav tsum tau drip ib tug tag nrho ntawm 10 tee ntawm no siv tshuaj yaj yeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv tus account tias tsuas yog qhov feem ntawm kev txiav uas yav tas los txiav los ntawm peb yog txo qis rau hauv qhov kev daws teeb meem. Khaws cov kua txig hauv qhov tshuaj yuav tsum tsis pub ntev tshaj 7-10 seconds. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov kev npaj ntawm qia thiab ua ib qho kev txiav rau nws.
Peb tab tom npaj ib tsob ntoo txiv hmab rau kev siv tshuaj ntsuab - cov tswv yim thiab cov lus qhia
Ua ntej qhov grafting, lub underground grape Bush yuav tsum me ntsis av. Sab saum toj-av yog qhov ntxim nyiam. Lub taub hau ntawm Bush kuj xav tau kev txiav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov chaw ntawm kev txiav yuav tsum yog tus ncaj, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ua sideways.
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas qhov txiav yog perpendicular mus rau kev loj hlob kev coj ntawm lub pob tw. Yog li, peb tau txais penechki grape Bush, uas tseem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov chaw nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom zoo thiab ua tib zoo. Rau qhov no zoo dua mus siv ib tug ntse vaj riam, yuav kom tsis txhob ua ntxiv rau kev puas tsuaj rau qhov tawg.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tshem tawm qhov chaw txiav tawm ntawm txhua qhov kev ntxhib. Qhov no yuav txo qhov yuav ua tau ntawm ntau cov kab mob, yam ntxwv vineyards. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog serrations uas ua qhov chaw rau txoj kev tshawb fungal kab mob rau mus tas li nyob. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob siv lub sij hawm los ua qhov saum npoo ntawm vineyard qia yuav luag zoo kawg nkaus tus.
Ib qho tseem ceeb heev: nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub Bush yuav tsum tau npaj kom txhij rau qhov ua tsis raws cai, nrog kev pab ntawm ib daim ntaub ntub, koj yuav tsum tshem tag nrho cov hmoov av thiab av. Kev huv yuav tsum yog zoo meej, qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav vam khom rau nws. Txawm hais tias koj nqa ob peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv koj lub vev xaib, ces tshem txhua lub raj ntxiv tom ntej txawm tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv tshuaj ntxuav tes hauv qhov tshuaj.
Cov txheej txheem rau qhov muab txuas kom grapes
Autumn grapes yuav tsum tau muab ua ke nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, huab cua sov yuav tsum sov so txaus, tsis qis dua 15ºС. Cov av kub thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis txhob poob qis tshaj 10 ° C. Thaum ua ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Autumn, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws uas muaj cov cim me me ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov ntawm lub kov. Txwv tsis pub, lub scape yuav tsis ciaj sia.
Peb npaj mus ncaj qha kev txawb ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo grape. Peb muab peb cov txiav thiab muab ntxig rau hauv qhov kev txiav ntawm lub pob tw, tshem qhov txaug ntawm nws. Nws yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cuttings lub soj caum ncaj qha kov lub pob tw nws tus kheej, thiab cov cim tsis muaj quav hnyiab tseem nyob hauv lub cev.
Feem ntau, cov quav caws qis rau hauv qhov sib cais thiaj li cia li txiav qhov qis ntawm nws tso rau hauv pob tw. Txawm li cas los, nws yog ib qho ua tau kom txo qis hauv qab lub split los ntawm 0.5 centimeters thiaj li tias cov qis tshaj plaws tsuas yog protrudes saum lub pob tw.
Lawm, tom qab lub pob khoom, me me cov khoob khoob uas yuav tsum tau muab kaw. Yuav kom ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov vine txiv hmab, nrog rau cov ntaub so plab tso quav. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub crevices yog kom zoo zoo thiab heev kom zoo zoo kaw, ntau li ntau tau ua tawm tsis muaj khoob.
Thiaj li rau peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom zoo, thiab lub zog ntawm compression nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm scion thiab tawg nce, nws xav tau heev nquag qhwv nrog cov yas suab, uas yog - paj rwb ntaub. Kev siv hom kab mob hauv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj no yog vim muaj qhov tseeb tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub sij hawm dhau los. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub, koj yuav siv tau twine. Yog li, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm tag engraftment ntawm txiav mus rau Tshuag, cov ntaub yuav ploj thiab lub vine yuav pib nkag mus rau tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob.
Muaj ib lub tswv yim tias qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab qhwv nrog polyethylene. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tom qab ceev nrooj winding ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm txhaj tshuaj nrog ib tug film zaub mov, dej yuav tsum tshwm nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub pob tw, uas yuav qhia qhov tseeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, raws li ntau tus kws kho mob hauv daim teb no, cellophane thiab polyethylene tuaj yeem tiv thaiv peb cov khoom los ntawm tshav kub.
Tab sis tseem, nws yog zoo dua mus rau resort mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm ntau dua ib txwm gardeners, uas ntseeg hais tias xws li khoom neeg tsim films, tsis muaj ploj lawm cov huab cua, yuav ua mob qhov graft, vim hais tias rau ib tug zoo tshwm sim ntawm grafting thiab ciaj ntawm txiav tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov loj ntawm oxygen.
Yuav ua li cas pab tau lub caij ntuj no lub grapes tom qab Autumn inoculation?
Tom qab grafting ntawm grape rootstock, rootstock yuav tsum tau dej thiab shrouded nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb (tab sis tsis txhob sau nws nrog qhov chaw ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog tias koj tsis smear nws nrog av nplaum ua ntej).
Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cev kuj tuaj yeem mulched tau. Vim qhov no, lub voj nyob rau hauv cov av yuav zoo dua khaws cia thiab lub ntiaj teb yuav tsis khov los ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Ua ntej qhov pib ntawm Frost grapes muaj nqis vaj tse zoo heev. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv quav nyab los yog quav nyab, thiab los saum toj no los npog ib yam dab tsi hnyav dua - nrog rau cov ceg ntoo, piv txwv.
Lwm txoj kev los mus pab tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj peb tus cab scion frostbite yog kom muab ntoo ntoo tsis muaj hauv qab ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw. Nws yuav tsum tau them nrog av kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lub graft thiab qhov kov yuav tsis ntshai ntawm tej Frost.
Kom peb lub cuttings los ntawm ziab tawm, ib qho chaw hauv qhov kev lag luam tseem raug pom zoo kom muab coated nrog ntub av nplaum.. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis nws tsis to taub siab tshaj qhov txiav nws tus kheej. Vim yog av noo noo thiab lub caij ntuj no, cov av nplaum yuav tsum ntub tas li thiab yuav muab ya raws kom txiav.
Tseem ceeb cov tswv yim rau kev siv tshuaj tsuag thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg
- Cov quav tsis tas yuav raug txiav ntev heev. Nws yuav txaus 1-2 qhov.
- Yog hais tias tus Tshuag uas koj yuav cog ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog heev tuab, koj muaj peev xwm cog ob los yog peb cuttings rau nws. Yog li, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tuag ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv, koj tseem tau txais ib grape Bush.
- Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub vine vine yuav tsum tau loosened kom saturate cov av nrog rau tsim nyog npaum li cas ntawm oxygen. Thaum lub sij hawm thawj ob xyoos ntawm loj hlob grapes nws yuav khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug dub steam.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob cia lub cuttings rau paus lawv tus kheej, tsis los ntawm cov Tshuag. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm lawv cov keeb kwm, uas protrude los ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.
