Xav kom tau cov tsiaj txhu noj qab nyob zoo, tus tswv yuav xav tau cov lus qhia txog cov tsiaj txhu ntau li ntau tau. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm qhov khoom yog qhov hnyav ntawm horned nyuj, txij thaum nws muaj ib tug ncaj kev cai ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus nyuj, bull los yog calf, thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav cuam tshuam lawv cov khoom tsim tau thiab nqaij tawm.
Qhov hnyav nruab nrab
Qhov hnyav ntawm nyuj (nyuj) nqa ntau cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog li, paub txog lub cev qhov hnyav ntawm tus tsiaj, nws tuaj yeem hais tau txog nws lub cev, thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. 
Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov ntau npaum li cas ib lub pob los yog ib lub nyhav nyhav yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ntsuas thiab npaj khoom noj, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Koj puas paub? Tus hnyuv ntawm ib tug nyuj yog 30% ntawm nws qhov hnyav.
Tus qauv hnyav ntawm nyuj yog cuam tshuam los ntawm nws.:
- hnub nyoog;
- yug menyuam;
- hauv pem teb
Nyob rau hauv tsiaj husbandry, nws yog customary kom paub qhov txawv cov nram qab no nyuj pawg pawg:
- xim - qhov hnyav yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 450-500 kg;
- qib ib - hnyav li 450 kg;
- qib thib ob - qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov nyuj yog li ntawm 400 kg;
- qib peb - 300 kg.
Yog hais tias qhov nruab nrab qhov ntsuas ntawm tus tsiaj yog txawv txav nrog kev tso cai yuam kev ntawm 30 kg rau ib tug laus neeg, qhov no tej zaum yuav qhia ib qho tsis ncaj ncees noj haus thiab kev noj haus, thiab muaj cov kab mob.
Phaw
Qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm ib tug nyuj yuav tsum yog ib nrab thiab ib nrab ntawm qhov loj ntawm ib tug nyuj, uas yog kwv yees li ntawm 700-800 kg, thaum nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus nyuj ntawm ib tug loj nqaij yug, qhov ntsuas no tuaj yeem ncav ib tuj thiab ntau tshaj li tus nqi no, kwv yees 1200 kg. 
Nyuj
Ib qho hnoos qis nruab nrab tuaj yauv luj txog 350 kg, tab sis tsis tsawg, yog tias nws tsis siv rau pob zeb me me.
Nqaij nyuj yuav hnyav 700 kg, yog tias lawv muaj ntau tshaj li ob xyoos thiab lawv tau nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob zoo.
Tshawb xyuas cov tsiaj nyeg: Simmental, Dutch, Holstein, Ayrshire, Tsho, Aberdeen-Angus, Dub-thiab-Dawb, Loj Steppe, Kalmyk, Kakhakh, Highland, Yaroslavl, Brown Latvian, Shorthorn thiab Holmogory.
Calf
Thaum yug tus menyuam, lub cev nyhav yuav tsum tsawg dua 10% ntawm leej niam lub cev qhov hnyav, uas yog nruab nrab ntawm 40 kg. Nws tuaj yeem sib txawv thiab nyob ntawm qhov hnyav thiab yug menyuam ntawm niam txiv.
Cov me nyuj pheej loj zuj zus, lawv, zoo li cov me nyuam mos, yuav tsum muaj kev tu ncua kom tu ncua kom nkag siab ntau npaum li cas, txawm hais tias txhua yam muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab seb puas yuav tsum tau qhia cov kev hloov ntawm cov khoom noj ntawm cov nyuj nyuj los yog nyuj. 
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1 lub hlis, qhov nyuj qhov nyhav yuav tsum nce li 10 kg, ntawm qhov nruab nrab, lawv nce txog 30 kg, uas yog, lawv muab lawv cov nqi yug me nyuam. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog rau rau lub hlis, nws tau xa mus rau cov neeg laus noj, thiab tsawg dua, tiam sis ib zaug ib hlis ib zaug, lawv ntsuas qhov hnyav.
Yuav ua li cas nyuj luj sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov yug
Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb koom tes hauv cov tsiaj nyeg thiab lawv xaiv, faib txog ib txhiab breeds ntawm nyuj thoob qab ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txhua tus tau muab faib ua peb hom loj, raws li lawv lub hom phiaj ntawm kev lag luam:
- khoom noj khoom haus;
- nqaij;
- nqaij thiab chaw yuj nyuj.
Mis los
Ib qho kev txawv txav ntawm cov khoom noj siv mis nyuj yuav hu ua:
- mis rog mis;
- tsawg dua cov nqaij.
Ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg ntawm hom no cov nyiam tuaj breeds hauv peb thaj av no yog:
- Liab steppe. Nyob rau hauv qhov ceeb thawj, ib tug nyuj ncav cuag 400-500 kg, thiab raws li rau gobies, lawv yog cov tag nrho 900 kg;
- Dub thiab dawb. On nruab nrab, nws draws ib nrab ib tuj, thiab bulls - 800 kg;
- Kholmogorskaya. Qhov nruab nrab pawg ntawm cov nyuj yuav 500 kg, tab sis cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no yug yuav dai tag nrho 800 kg;
- Golshtinsky. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev soj ntsuam me me ntawm tsiaj txhu, txij li ib tug nyuj ntawm no yug muaj ib tug loj ntawm 650 kg, thaum ib tug nyuj tuaj yeem tau txais ib pawg ntawm li ntawm 1200 kg.
Yug tsiaj nyeg tsiaj txhu muaj feem xyuam nrog kev tsim kab mob xws li ketosis, cysticercosis, leukemia, mastitis, udder edema, pasteurellosis, mob ko taw thiab qhov ncauj, los yog mob hoof.
Nqaij
Txuj ci cov nyuj ntawm hom no, koj tuaj yeem hu rau xws li cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb xws li:
- hnyav nce zuj zus;
- zoo dua cov nqaij vim yog txoj kev loj hlob tshwj xeeb ntawm cov leeg;
- ntau refined saj.
- Hereford. Ib tug neeg laus muaj peev xwm yog 500-600 kg ntawm qhov ceeb thawj, thiab ib tug nyuj - 800-1100 g Nqaij tawm - 53-65%, tsawg dua 70%;
- Aberdeen-Angus yug. Cov nyuj tseem nce 500-600 kg ntawm qhov ceeb thawj, thiab cov nyuj yog me ntsis tsawg dua - txog 800 kg. Cov zis ntawm cov khoom - 60%;
- Sharolez yug. Ib tug neeg laus nyuj yog tau txais 1,200 kg, thiab ib tug nyuj - 800 kg, txawm tias qhov tseeb hais tias lawv muaj ntau ntawm cov nqaij thiab tsis rog, thiab raws li ib tug loj tawm los ntawm nqaij cov khoom;
- Ukrainian nqaij. Tsis tshua muaj unpretentious nyob rau hauv kev noj haus, vim hais tias lawv noj tej nroj tsuag, thaum ncav nyob rau hauv 16 lub hlis ntawm 550 kg. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nyuj ntawm no yug yog siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm cov khau;
- Znamenovskaya. Nws muaj ntau hom ntaub ntawv me me, txij li thaum ib tug nyuj ntawm no yug yuav hnyav siab tshaj plaws ntawm 550 kg, thiab ib tug heev nyuj - 700 kg. Tawv tseem yog siv los ua khau, hnab.
Nqaij thiab Mis Los
Sawv cev ntawm hom no muaj ib lub cev muaj zog thiab siv universally ob qho tib si rau cov mis nyuj ntau lawm thiab rau cov khoom noj.
Lawv tsim ntau tshaj li cov mis, thiab ntau mis nyuj tshaj cov nqaij. Qhov nruab nrab hnyav - nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 550-900 kg, nyob ntawm hauv pem teb.
Koj puas paub? Cov nyuj ntawm nruab nrab nyob rau nees nkaum xyoo, tab sis kuj muaj ntev-lub siab. Bulls nyob tsawg tshaj kaum tsib xyoos.
KRG cov nqaij thiab cov mis nyuj yug me nyuam, uas yog cov pej xeem cov tsiaj cog qoob loo, yog:
- Brown Carpathian;
- Lebedinskaya;
- Alatau;
- Krasnaya Gorbatovskaya;
- Yurinskaya;
- Schwycki;
- Liab Tambov;
- Yorkshire;
- Caucasian xim av;
- Simmental
SimmentalYuav ua li cas txiav txim siab qhov nyhav nyuj
Qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg yog ncaj qha raws li cov kev tswj ntawm nws cov txij nkawm, nrog rau cov zaub mov uas muab los ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg breeder. Nws kuj muaj kev pom zoo rau yug me nyuam thiab tu, nyob ntawm qhov yug thiab hom cov nyuj.
Yog li, piv txwv li, cov nqaij nyuj noj nqaij tsis tas yuav tsum tau thiab txawm mus txog ib qho twg, ntev thiab nkim hnyav grazing yog contraindicated, vim lawv muaj peev xwm plam lawv tus kheej nyhav. Lawv tau qhia kom loj tuaj nyob hauv lub tshav pob.
Tab sis cov khoom noj siv mis nyuj yog pom zoo ntev ntev nyob rau hauv lub pasture nrog lub peev xwm ua pa cua tshiab tshuaj ntsuab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib puag ncig, noj zaub mov thiab kev noj haus, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev mob nyob rau hauv lub complex cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab nyob thiab hnyav nce ntawm domestic nyuj.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev raug txim
Thaum npaj ib lub tsev teb rau yug me nyuam nyuj, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm xws li muaj xws li:
- kub kub. Cov nyob hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob cia txias rau + 10 ° C, yog tias nws tsis txias, rau cov neeg nyug laus thiab + 15 ° C rau cov hlav;
- humidity nyob rau hauv lub chav;
- teeb pom kev zoo;
- roj ua pa;
- tsis muaj suab nrov, nqig cua.
Nws yog tsim nyog saib xyuas kev pasture. Nws siv cov txheej txheem ntawm yug me nyuam tsis tshua kim, thaum tus nyuj lub cev muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm, nws txoj kev tsis muaj kev txwv, nws nqus cov huab cua ntshiab, hauv qab lub hnub. Qhov txiaj ntsim zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev taug kev ntawm pasture yog rau cov nqaij nyuj thiab nqaij-nqaij nyuj. 
Pub tsiaj
Kev noj qab haus huv cov khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nws suav nrog:
- zaub zaub: succulent (nyom, silage, cov qoob loo), coarse (quav nyab, straw), concentrated (technical waste, grain);
- tsiaj txhu;
- tshuaj chemical thiab microbiological synthesis;
- pub thiab pub khoom sib xyaw;
- vitamins thiab tshuaj minerals.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Forage los ntawm sunflower, flax thiab paj rwb ncuav mog nce ntawm cov khoom siv mis nyuj, thiab poppy, hemp thiab rapeseed vice versa.
Champions nyuj: qhov siab tshaj thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus hnyav
Dab tsi yog tus tsiaj breeder tsis kam khav txog cov txiaj ntsim ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm? Muaj ntau hom loj heev thiab cov tsiaj nyeg loj heev, tab sis, ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsiaj muaj cov loj loj.
Bulls:
- Tus neeg sawv cev rau ntau tshaj plaws ntawm KRG yog xam los ntawm Donnetto.uas nyob hauv Switzerland hauv lub xyoo pua XX. Nws qhov hnyav - 1740 kg, thiab qhov siab ntawm qhov dej - 190 cm Nws yog Porcelain yug.
- Rau hnub tim, tsis muaj cov titanium nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv. Nws breeds Charolais thiab nws lub npe yog Field Marshal. Nws loj yog 1700 kg, thiab nws yog 190 cm siab.
- Lwm cov neeg loj heev hu ua Chile, nyob hauv Fern (Britain). Nws yog belongs rau Freesian yug, muab tau los ntawm cov plooj (Porcelain). Nws qhov ceeb thawj yog 1300 kg
- Txhais cov noob qes freesian kuj hnyav dua li ntawm 1,200 kg thiab muaj ib qhov siab ntawm 196 cm, thiab nws ntev yog ciav, nws yog 4.3 m.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog cov paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov nqaij nyug nqaij nyug rau fattening.
Nyuj:
- Cov ntaub ntawv tuav tseg yog qhov no, uas nyob ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Nws cov ntaub ntawv yog nkag mus rau hauv phau ntawv Guinness of Records, thiab nws tsis zoo li nws puas yuav pom ib tug yeeb ncuab, vim nws qhov hnyav yog 2,270 kg. Nws lub npe yog Mount Katadin, nws yog ib tug hybrid ntawm Holstein-Durhmanian yug. Nws yog 3.96 m nyob rau hauv girth thiab 188 cm ntawm lub withers.
- Tus tswv tam sim no ntawm lub npe "loj heev" yog lub Loj Nyuj Chilli. Nws ntau tshaj ib tuj ntawm qhov hnyav thiab 183 cm siab.
