Grapes muaj ntev ceased yuav exotic txawm rau cov neeg nyob hauv Central thiab Northern thaj av.
Tom qab tag nrho, txawm nrog ib lub caij luv luv lub caij ntuj sov, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom tuaj tsis tsuas ntau yam nrog ib tug ceev ceev ripening lub sij hawm, tab sis kuj nrog zoo heev saj.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, txhua cheeb tsam muaj nws tus kheej peculiarities ntawm agronomy.
Piv txwv li, thaum loj hlob grapes nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow, mloog yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau tseem ceeb heev cov kev pab: nyob rau hauv xws li tej yam kev mob, ntau yam kab mob ntawm vineyards tsis manifest lawv tus kheej, thiab pests tsis li active.
Yog li, cheeb tsam Moscow thaj av yog qhov yooj yim dua tuaj yeem loj hlob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim li cas koj tuaj yeem tuaj nqa ntau yam txawv.
Grapes rau cheeb tsam Moscow: ntau yam thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv
Hauv qab no peb yuav sim xav txog ntau li ntau tau ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas zoo tagnrho rau kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv suburbs. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj thaum ntxov ntawm ripening, uas guarantees tau zoo ripening ntawm berries, txawm thaum huab cua puag tsis yog varnish nkaus.
Peb tuaj rau koj saib xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas muaj ntau yam qhia txog kev saj thiab tawm los.
Ntau yam liab txiv hmab "Kishmish Radiant" - yog ib thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow
- Niam txiv khub ntawm no ntau yam yog Kishmish Rosovy txiv hmab, hla nrog Cardinal ntau yam.
- Xav tau kev saib xyuas, tab sis high-yielding ntau yam.
Qhov no ntau yam yog yuav luag tag nrho rau tej yam kev mob ntawm Moscow cheeb tsam, yog li nrog zoo saib xyuas, txawm ib grape lub Bush tau thov nrog ntau cov qoob loo. Qhov loj ntawm pawg uas tsim rau ib qho nruab nrab los yog muaj zog-loj hlob hav zoov, ntawm qhov nruab nrab, ncav ib daim duab ntawm 0.6 kilograms, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 1 kilogram.
Berries ntawm nutmeg saj, me me nyob rau hauv loj (2.4-2.2 centimeters) thiab hnyav (txog li 4 grams). Li ntawm 70% ntawm cov tua ntawm Kishmish Radiant Bush yog fruitful.
Ripen berries ntawm no ntau yam yog thaum ntxov los yog medium, kwv yees li 120-130 hnub txij thaum pib ntawm Bush lub nkag mus rau hauv lub loj hlob rau lub caij. Los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov qoob loo, lawv feem ntau pib tawm rau lub Cuaj Hli 1, tab sis thawj thawj zaug ua ke yuav raug muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Lub yim hli ntuj. Yog li, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm Moscow cheeb tsam, lub fruiting ntawm no grape muaj peev xwm yuav ncav us txog.
Cas txiv hmab "Kishmish Radiant" yog qhov muaj nuj nqis rau: lub ntsiab zoo ntawm ntau yam
- Berries thiab bunches yog cov txaus nyiam heev, kev nthuav qhia.
- Zoo qab ntxiag musky saj, muaj kua thiab crisp pulp ntawm berries.
- Zoo laus ntawm cov tua.
- On ib tug tua tau tsim los ntawm ib mus rau ob pawg.
- Cov qoob loo tuaj yeem nqa tau zoo, thaum nws tsis raug.
- Cov qhab nees yog sau tseg los ntawm qhov kev lag luam zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Txawm tias tag nrho cov kev pab ntawm sau ntawm no grape ntau yam, nws muaj ntau disadvantages, rau cov uas yog vim li cas suav hais tias zoo siab heev.
- Ntshai ntawm Frost, hloov tsheb tsuas yog qhov kub ntawm-15 ° C.
- Npaj lub Bush yog tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, tab sis kuj thaum lub sij hawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts, vim hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm kuj zoo heev ua mob lub grapes.
- Heev xav tu, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pruning thiab tsim ntawm Bush.
- Nrog ib tug tsis muaj kev pab cuam, ib tug loj tshaj ntawm noo noo txo saj ntawm grapes.
Thaum ntxov ripe grapes rau cheeb tsam Moscow ntau yam "Tason"
- Qhov tshwm sim ntawm xaiv ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov neeg tshawb fawb uas siv xws li ib tug niam txiv ob peb, raws li cov txiv hmab "Ltalis" thiab "Zorevoy".
- Cov rooj sib txoos nrog ntau yam zoo.
Tsaug rau ib lub zog-loj hlob Bush ntawm no ntau yam harvests nws nqa loj txaus. Qhov nruab nrab pawg ntawm ib pawg yog 0.5-0.6 kilograms, tab sis qee tus muaj peev xwm hnyav 1.2 kilograms. Zoo nkauj berries, tab xim nyob rau hauv dawb-xim liab, kuj muaj loj ntau thiab tsawg - 2.5 x1.8 centimeters.
Qhov ntau yam yog heev yooj yim propagated by cuttings. Zoo yields kuj muab los ntawm ib tug high rate ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm fruitful tua - txog 55%.
Qhov no ntau tau yooj yim yuav ntaus nqi mus rau txawm tus earliest, txij li thaum lub caij nyoog loj hlob ntawm lawv cov nroj tsuag tsuas yog los ntawm 100 mus rau 110 hnub. Yog li, txawm nyob hauv lub suburbs los pib sau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Tason" tuaj yeem nyob hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub yim hli ntuj.
Lub maturity ntawm berries yuav qhia los ntawm sab nrauv xim thiab ib tug qab ntxiag nutmeg saj nrog zoo Sweetness (suab thaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog 21%).
Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev zoo ntawm grapes "Tason"?
- Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no grape muaj zoo heev saj thiab muag khoom ntawm ob qho tib si berries thiab grapes.
- Tus sau yog zoo thiab yooj yim rau kev thauj.
- Lub coefficient ntawm fruiting nyob rau hauv hoob no yog sib npaug 1.1.
- Nws muaj zoo tsis kam rau lub caij ntuj no qis thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev te rau ntawm -23 º.
- Xyaum tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm xws li cov kab mob ntawm vineyards li mildew thiab hmoov dew, txij thaum lub Bush lub qoob loo ripens thaum ntxov. Txoj kev mus rau grey rot yog sau tseg.
Qhov tseem ceeb disadvantage ntawm grape Bush "Tason" xav txog nws tsis siab tsis kam mus fungal kab mob. Vim li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau kho cov tshuaj tua kab nrog. Tseeb, txawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov kab mob tsis tau hem thawj qhov sau, tab sis qhov cuam tshuam Bush yuav tsis muaj peev xwm thov zoo grapes tom ntej no xyoo.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog ntau yam ntawm liab grapes.
Nta ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum ntxov "Crystal"
- Qhov ntau yam yog ntawm ib qho yooj yim xaiv ntawm grapes "Vilar Blanc", uas tau hla nrog ib tug ua ke ntawm Amursky thiab Challotsi Lajos grape ntau yam.
- "Crystal" yog hais txog qhov ntau hom, uas yog, npaj rau winemaking.
Qhov no ntau yam yog suav tias yog high-yielding, tab sis qhov loj ntawm nws pawg yog medium. Qhov loj ntawm ib pawg yog feem ntau yog 170 lossis 200 grams.. Berries, feem, kuj me me - tsuas yog li 2 grams. Tab sis txawm li no, nrog ib tug nruab nrab quab yuam ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug Bush, nws muaj peev xwm yuav yooj yim yuav loaded nrog 60 lub qhov muag. Yog li, tau txais me me, koj tau txais ntau tus lawv.
Qhov no ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj yog hais txog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws. Cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub ntawm ripening nws qoob loo tuaj tom qab 110-115 hnub los ntawm lub caij ntawm vine blooming. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm Moscow cheeb tsam, qhov no lub sij hawm yuav qeeb me ntsis 5-10 hnub, tab sis, feem ntau, lub grapes siav zoo thiab muaj peev xwm.
Lub maturity ntawm qoob loo yog qhia los ntawm dawb los yog daj-greenish xim ntawm berries, raws li tau zoo raws li lub prune (waxy) Bloom thiab Sweet ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Zoo zoo ntawm ntau yam:
- Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm grapes ntawm no ntau yam muaj ib tug zoo nkauj tsos thiab harmonious saj.
- Li ntawm 18% ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm "Crystal" berries yog qab zib.
- Heev fruitful ntau yam, txij li ntawm xa ntawm 90% ntawm tua ntawm vine yog fruitful.
- Qhov coefficient ntawm tawm los ntawm grapes "Crystal" yog 1.3.
- Lub Bush muaj extraordinary lub caij ntuj no hardiness (txog rau -29ºС), uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev zoo rau cheeb tsam Moscow.
- Tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm grey mould.
- Cov qhab nia zoo rau kev ua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav.
Disadvantages grape "Crystal", uas yuav fim ib lub winegrower:
- Grapes yog feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm fungal kab mob, rau uas yog vim li cas nws yuav tsum tau prophylactic kev kho mob ntawm Bush.
- Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom cia lub thickening ntawm canopy ntawm grape Bush, raws li qhov no yuav ua rau lub shedding ntawm ovary thiab qis loo.
- Cov cim qhia txog acidity thiab qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau yam yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv feem ntawm cov huab cua puag, uas yuav txo txo cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ua wine.
Loj liab grapes rau cheeb tsam Moscow ntau yam "Rusven"
- Ntau yam yug los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ib khub niam txiv xws li "R-66" thiab "Muscat de Saint-Valle".
- Grapes nrog tshwj xeeb saj rau ua zoo cawu cub.
Cov txiv hmab piav rau ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo no yog cov ua pawg loj: ntawm qhov nruab nrab, lawv qhov hnyav yog 0.35-0.55 kilograms, tab sis kilograms kuj pom muaj. Qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov txiv hmab ntawm "Rusven" grapes kuj yog loj - 2.3-2.2 centimeters nrog ib tug luj ntawm 6 grams.
Nrog ib tug qhia txog ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm fruitful tua ntawm 75%, fruitfulness coefficient ntawm ib tug nruab nrab grape Bush yog los ntawm 1.1 mus 1.5, uas ua rau ntau yam high-yielding.
Qhov no grape yog tsim rau lub suburbs rau yog vim li cas tias nws yog thaum ntxov. Sau tau muab tshem tawm tom qab 115 hnub los ntawm lub sij hawm lub Bush nkag lub caij loj hlob.
Ripened berries ua liab los yog liab qab-liab, tau txais kev sage cim thiab nutmeg sau ntawv ntawm aroma.
Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm loj hlob ntau yam "Resven"
- Loj thiab six txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau winemaking, uas muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov composition ntawm 20% ntawm suab thaj.
- Cov qib kawm tau siab tau zoo thiab tau txais txiaj ntsim zoo thaum tsaws.
- Grapes "Rustem" tsis tshua muaj siab rau qis dua lub caij ntuj no (txog li-27 ºC).
- Nws yog qhia txog nws qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov kab mob fungal yam ntxwv ntawm vineyards.
- Khoom qab zib thiab lub tais wines ntawm zoo zoo yog ua los ntawm no ntau yam.
Teeb meem ntawm cultivating ntau yam: tseem ceeb disadvantages:
- Cov qoob loo feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm lub txiv nkhaus taw thiab yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuas tsim nyog tiv thaiv lawv.
- Thaum moistening irregularities berries keej.
Ntaus ntawm cov txiv hmab "Agat Donskoy" thaum loj hlob hauv cov ntug zos
- Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab breeders uas siv ntau yam "kaj ntug ntawm North" thiab "Dolores" rau kev hla nrog Lavxias thaum ntxov Grape.
- Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub npe "Vityaz".
- Nws yog ib lub rooj txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam, tab sis amateurs feem ntau siv nws raws li ib tug technical ib.
Vim lub zog ntawm Bush ntawm no grape ntau yam, nws muaj peev xwm muab tau zoo hnav. Pawg ua ke feem ntau tuaj mus txog 600 grams, thiab berries - txog 5 grams. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, on ib fruitful shoot lawv muaj peev xwm tangle thiab paub tab zoo txawm txawm 2-3 pawg. Nws kuj yog tsim nyog sau cia tias ntawm tag nrho cov tua txog 80% feem ntau yog fruitful.
Sau ntawm grapes "Agat Donskoy" zoo nkauj sai sai. Rau vegetative lub sij hawm ntawm Bush yog txaus 120 hnub. Ripe berries ncav qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm 2.2 x 2, 4 centimeters thiab maub xiav xim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb teev hais tias lub saj ntawm no grape yog yooj yim, thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog tag nrho cov yav dhau los ntau yam, me ntsis acidic (lub suab thaj nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj tsis muaj ntau tshaj 15%).
Qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam: dab tsi yuav surprise koj no grape
- Cov txiv hmab yog tsis txaus rau hauv lawv tej kev kho mob; lawv muaj paj ntawm ob qho tib si.
- Cov tsos thiab saj ntawm Agat Donskoy txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog zoo, qhov ntsuam xyuas ntawm tasters yog 7.7.
- Nws cawm tau zoo thaum tsaws.
- Nws tolerates frosts txog -26 ºС.
- Puas tsuaj rau fungal kab mob thiab lwm yam pests ntawm vineyards tsis tau pom, tab sis periodic spraying ntawm Bush rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog pom zoo.
Disadvantages "Agatha Donskoy": dab tsi koj yuav tsum tau paub, yog li ntawd raws li tsis mus lwj lub tswv yim ntawm ntau yam
- High thiab ntau yields feem ntau yuav yog vim li cas rau txo qhov zoo thiab qhov loj ntawm berries, uas yog vim li cas qhov Bush yuav tsum tau rationing.
- Tsis zoo heev rau kev thauj mus los.
Yuav ua li cas thiab thaum lub sij hawm yuav lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom zoo li cas hauv cheeb tsam Moscow?
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab cog cov txiv hmab hauv koj lub cuab ntxhiab rau thawj zaug, thawj ntawm txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub tias koj tuaj yeem nqa txoj haujlwm no ua ob yam:
- Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug sapling uas yog npaj ua ntej los yog yuav. Qhov kev xaiv no feem ntau yog siv thaum tsis muaj Tshuag thiab yog tias ntau yam koj xav tau tsis muaj kev sib tw nrog cov khoom lag luam.
- Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug tshiab soj caum, uas yog cog rau ib tug grape Tshuag, tom qab uas rho lub qub Bush. Qhov no hom cog ntawm grapes muaj ntau qhov zoo, vim hais tias nws tso cai rau koj loj hlob ib tug Bush sai dua thiab tau txais cov qoob loo.
Thaum cog grapes?
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qhov no qoob loo yuav siv paus hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tab sis nws yog qib siab cog cov txiv hmab hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj txiav txim siab cog qoob loo ntau yam tshiab. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm Moscow cheeb tsam, nws yog zoo dua xaiv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiaj li hais tias lub grapes tau zoo dua thiab ciaj sia lub caij ntuj no yooj yim.
Cog txiv hmab nrog varietal seedlings
Rau ib tug seedling, ib aub tsiv yog khawb rau hauv uas fertilizer yog pre-pw.
Yuav kom cog grapes ncaj qha mus rau hauv fertilizer yog tsis yooj yim sua, koj yuav tsum tau sau nws nrog huv av, thiab tsuas yog ces ua tib zoo prikopat seedling.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tawm hauv paus ntawm seedling saum toj no thiab dej cov av zoo.
Nroj grapes cuttings on qub ntoo
Mus ua kom zoo txiavnws rau prematurely yuav tsum tau txiav (tsuas yog qis dua, ua rau nws zoo ib yam li lub npoo) thiab rau lub zog. Lub Tshuag nws tus kheej xav tau muab ntxuav kom huv si, tshem tag nrho cov pob thiab av los ntawm kev txiav ntawm qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub qia maj mam muab faib ua ke nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab ib lub txiav yog muab tso rau hauv lub cais. Xws li txoj kev tsis tuaj yeem yog nruj nreem kom paub tseeb tias qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev txiav tawm ntawm kev txiav.
Kev Nruab Nrab Grape: Yuav ua li cas rau cov huab cua tsis ruaj tsis khov hauv thaj tsam Moscow?
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau dej cov txiv hmab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua ntej flowering thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm qoob loo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom cov av noo noo nyob rau tib theem, thiaj li tsis mus ua cracking ntawm berries.
- Grapes teb zoo rau ntau hom ntawm fertilizing. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pob zeb hauv av chiv rau nws yog cov uas muaj phosphates thiab poov tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom npog cov av nrog mulch.
- Yog tsis muaj pruning ib tug zoo sau yog nyuaj ua kom tau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tsuas yog mus rau shorten lub tua thiab lub tes tsho, tab sis kuj los tsim lub Bush nws tus kheej. Ib co ntau yam yuav tsum tau ua kom haum ntawm qoob loo, uas tso cai rau los tiv thaiv lub Bush los ntawm qoob loo tshaj.
- Txawm hais tias muaj kev ruaj khov npaum li cas los yog tsis ntau yam ua ntej kab mob thiab kab tsuag, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob txau nrog herbicides. Qhov tsawg kawg ntawm cov tshuaj txau rau ib lub caij twg yog 2 npaug - ua ntej lub flowering ntawm grape Bush thiab tom qab ua tiav ntawm txoj kev no.
