Kuv xav nrhiav ib yam dab tsi ntau dua thiab paub ntau tshaj ib qho kua ntoo nyob rau hauv lub vaj, tab sis qhov no yog tsis yog ua tau! Thiab txawm tias yog lawm, nws puas txhais hais tias peb paub ntau yam txog lawv?
Mm, tej zaum ib tus neeg yeej paub ntau heev, tab sis nws tsis zoo li tias feem ntau ntawm peb cov txawj nyeem ntawv, ua tsis tau ntxiv zog, txheeb tawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov ntoo ntawm cov sawv cev ntawm peb lub teb chaws.
Dab tsi? Ah, ci txiv apples, txiv apples, thiab txiv apples, nrog cov lauj kaub ncuav, cia li plucked ntawm ceg?
Alas, tsis ncaj ncees lawm, cov phooj ywg! Pib los ntawm lub sij hawm thaum lawv muab peb cov qoob loo, kua ntau yam yuav muab faib ua lub caij nplooj zeeg, lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij ntuj sov. Xav txog qhov no sib cais nyob rau ntau yam.
Lub caij ntuj sov kua ntau yam
Papirovka (Dawb filling)
Kev piav qhia: zoo-paub txwm ntau yam. Cov txiv apples ripen nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov. Feem ntau, paping yog grown nyob rau hauv teb vaj teb nyob tsis deb ntawm lub zos, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsev. Cov kua ntoo lawv tus kheej yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov siab, thaum pib ntawm crown loj hlob nyob rau hauv lawv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug dav pyramid, ces cov duab hloov mus rau oval.
Qhov no ntau yam muaj ib qho nruab nrab thickness, ntseeg tau pubescent tua. Lawv cov xim (tua) tuaj yeem hu ua xim av-txiv roj. Dawb lentils tawg thoob, muaj ib daim ntev ntev. Cov nplooj yog npub, lawv qhov loj yog qhov nruab nrab, qhov xim yog grey-ntsuab, qhov zoo yog ovoid, hauv qab yog hnyav pubescent.
Paj yog cov loj loj, saucer-puab, bordered nrog dawb petals, liab-kob buds. Cov nplaum yog oblong, lawv tau tsa, kaw npoo.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog qoob loo, sib puag-conical nyob rau hauv cov duab, feem ntau nrog ribs noticeable. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo loj no muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm daim duab no. Cov txiv apples yog pleev xim ntsuab-daj, tsis muaj ib tug liab hwj. Cov neeg uas muaj ripe, muaj ib tug dawb patina.
Cov tev yog nyias, tsis ntxhib, muag heev. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qia, nruab nrab ntawm ntev, yog nyob rau hauv ib tug me me funnel. Cov nqaij ntawm tus Papation yog kev sib tw, muaj kua txaus, xoob, dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim, muaj ib tug Sweet-qaub saj. Overripe, lub nqaij ntawm lub apples ua dull.
Apples ripen thaum ntxov txaus - nyob rau ntawm heev thaum pib ntawm lub yim hli ntuj lawv npaj noj. Lawv (txiv apples) muaj kev mob siab zuj zus mus thiab puas tsawg. Los thov peb nrog sau Papirovka yuav ua tau 4-5 xyoos tom qab cog.
Qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam pom: thaum ntxov ripening ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab sai pib ntawm lub sij hawm los dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsawg theem ntawm kev thauj mus los, qhov qhaj ntawm ib tsos xim dub ntawm txiv apples, thiab hloov ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm fruiting. Melba
Melba
Kev piav qhia: cov ntoo ntawm no ntau yam yog medium siab thiab muaj ib tug sib npaug crown. Lub bark ntawm ceg muaj xim brownish-txiv kab ntxwv. Qhov nruab nrab thickness ntawm tua tsis heev pubescent. Cov nplooj yog oblong, me ntsis curved thiab kheej li lub qw. Loj paj tawg paj los ntawm dawb thiab pink buds. Tej nplaim muaj sib npaug, pink liab hauv xim.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nruab nrab, muaj ib qho me ntsis flattened, sib npaug-conical zoo thiab weakly pronounced ribs. Cov hnyuv thiab kab pheeb mos mos muaj ib qho yooj yim ntawm kev tua. Cov xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Melba yog lub teeb ntsuab, nrog ib tug liab blush.
Nruab nrab qia, sib sib zog nqus funnel. Nqaij dawb-dawb dawb muaj lub cev muaj zog khoom qab zib, qabzib-qaub saj thiab muaj kua qaub. Ntoo pib ntoo txiv hmab tsis ntev tshaj 4 xyoos tom qab cog (thiab txawm tias, thiab tom qab 5 xyoos), raug mob zoo.
Melba tus kheej Nws yog ua tau rau npe high precocity, zoo zoo ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txaus tsim tau. Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov saum toj no, piv nrog rau lwm lub caij ntuj sov, Melba tolerates tsheb thauj mus los zoo. Ntau yam ntawm ntau yam: susceptibility rau scab, tsis heev lub caij ntuj no hardiness, nyob rau hauv fruiting.
Quinty
Kev piav qhia: ntoo crown wide, sparse thiab sprawling. Lub ntsiab ceg yog curved, lub bark yog greenish grey nyob rau hauv cov xim. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshwm ntawm kolchatok. Cov nplooj yog tsaus ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim, loj, muaj ib tug dav oval duab, tsawg feem ntau ovoid. Cov npoo ntawm daim ntawv uas tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov paj yog loj los yog nruab nrab, dawb.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob medium, tab sis yog hais tias tus sau yog cov neeg pluag, lub apples ripen loj dua. Tus duab ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog puag ncig, elongated-conical. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog xim ntsuab feem ntau ntsuab-daj, feem ntau muaj xim liab los yog txiv kab ntxwv-ntsej mua nce ntshav.
Thaum harvesting, cov nqaij muaj ib tug greenish tint, tab sis thaum nws ncav cuag maturity nws yuav siv sij hawm rau ib tug creamy xim. Lub saj ntawm apples - Sweet thiab qaub, juiciness - txaus. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuag tsis tau ntev ntev - lawv muab khaws cia rau txog 10 hnub. Fruiting ntoo pib thaum ntxov thiab muab ib tug zoo tawm los - nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm 100-120 kg.
Qhov zoo ntawm Quinty ntau yam: thaum ntxov ripening txiv hmab txiv ntoo, sai nkag mus rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm fruiting, tsis kam mus drought, cua sov, powdery mildew. Cov kev tsis zoo yog: tsis tshua muaj lub caij ntuj no hardiness rau ntawm qhov chaw hauv nruab nrab ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab, nyhav rau ntawm qhov chaw mos, kev tsis zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab lub neej luv luv.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog thaum ntxov ntau yam ntawm apples.
Autumn Kua ntau yam
Antonovka
Kev piav qhia: tsob ntoo hlob zoo txaus, lub crown muaj ib tug high-spherical, uas maj tau ib tug kheej kheej duab. Fruiting los nrog ringworms, uas nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau dot lub ceg. Nplooj yog ci ntsuab nyob rau hauv tsos nqaij daim tawv, muaj ib qho oob khab pleev thiab ib sab serrate. Loj dawb lub paj yog sau-puab, petals yog me ntsis oblong, adjoining txhua lwm yam.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov nruab nrab hauv qhov loj, feem ntau qhov qub duab. Cov tev yog feem ntau zoo, xim yog greenish-daj, ces maj ua daj. Ntshe los yog ntsug, lossis me me. Cov tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv lub funnel yuav rusty. Cov nqaij yog daj, muaj ib lub qab zib-qaub saj, muaj kua. Lub aroma ntawm ripe txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog txawv, tsis meej.
Lub sij hawm ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, feem ntau, yog nruab nrab lub Cuaj Hli. Antonovka txiv apples yuav khaws cia rau txog 90 hnub. Fruiting pib tom qab 7-8 xyoos tom qab lub budding, thiab ib tug tag nrho cov qoob loo yuav tau txais nyob rau hauv lwm 1-2 xyoo. Pib, tus sau yog li niaj zaus, ces nws ua periodic. Lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntawm Antonovka yog es high, kuj ntau yam yog txawv los ntawm tsawg susceptibility ntawm cov kab mob.
Qhov zoo ntawm Antonovka: zoo yield, theem siab ntawm ecological adaptability, tau daim ntawv thov nyob rau ntau lub teb. Cov neeg tsis pom kev tuaj yeem xam tau tias: lub neej luv luv ntawm cov txiv apples, qhov irregularity ntawm fruiting.
Spartak
Kev piav qhia: Sredneroslye ntoo muaj ib tug tuab broad crown. Muaj peev xwm ua kom tau qe ntshauv. Fruiting yog tau rau tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo formations. Ci ntsa iab, ncaj tua muaj xim xim liab thiab nruab nrab pubescence. Cov nplooj yog oblong-oval nyob rau hauv cov duab, muaj ib tug crumpled tsos.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm medium loj, kwv yees li 100-130 g., Yog flat-rounded los yog puag ncig. Lub tev yog medium tuab, nrog ib tug tus saum npoo, ci iab. Cov xim yog xim daj, maj mam tig mus rau xim liab. Cov nqaij muaj ib qho qab zib thiab qaub saj, nplaum xim, nyuj nyoos.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm kawg ntawm lub yim hli ntuj - thaum ntxov Lub Cuaj Hli. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau kev siv: thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj - nruab nrab-Kaum ib hlis.
Tsis zoo: Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm kev siv muaj ib tug txo nyob rau hauv saj. Active fruiting pib nrog 3-4 xyoo tom qab cog. Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam yog lub caij ntuj no zoo hardiness, scab kev tiv thaiv, precociousness.
Mackintosh
Piav qhia ntawm ntau yam: tov hom fruiting, sparse crown, shirokoraskidisty. Cov ntoo yog nruab nrab. Cov nplooj muaj qhov dav ovoid duab, lub teeb ntsuab xim nrog me ntsis yellowish tinge, me ntsis pubescent, ntawm ntug ntawm nplooj ntoos yog me ntsis toothed.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Macintosh yog nruab nrab thiab siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov loj, qhov zoo yog flattened, me ntsis conical. Cov xim ntawm Macintosh txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntsuab los yog whitish-daj. Peel muaj ib qho quav. Cov nqaij yog feem ntau dawb, muag heev, muaj dej txaus, muaj lub qab zib-qaub thiab ib qho khoom qab zib tsw.
Lawv tshem apples ntawm no ntau yam nyob rau hauv ob nrab ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, thiab npaj txhij rau kev siv nyob rau hauv 3 lub lis piam. Nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev txias, tus sau yuav khaws cia kom txog rau thaum Lub ob hlis ntuj. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo pib tawm los tom qab 6-7 xyoo. Txhua xyoo tawm los.
Qhov zoo ntawm Macintosh txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog: ntxiag saj, zoo thauj thiab muaj peev xwm txiv hmab txiv ntoo cia. Disadvantages: tsis tshua muaj lub caij ntuj no hardiness, mob siab rau cov kab mob thiab kab xev.
Tsis tas li ntawd nthuav mus nyeem txog Autumn ntau yam ntawm apples
Lub caij ntuj no Kua ntau yam
Pepin Chavrany
Kev piav qhia: Pepin Chevrana ntoo loj hlob ntawm medium loj, nrog ib tug thoob plaws-crown, uas yuav tsum tau tas mus li thinning. Qhov chaw ntawm tsim ntawm qoob loo yog cov loj hlob tua. Cov nplooj me muaj ib lub qij zoo thiab ib qho ntse ntse ntse nrog ib qho matte nto.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob medium thiab me me. Cov duab yog round-conical, muaj me ntsis ribbing. Xim greenish-daj nrog tsaus liab blush. Cov nqaij yog muaj kua, ntom, muaj ib qho dej-qab zib saj thiab ib tug ntsim muag heev tsw.
Tshaj: txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab muaj lub siab muaj peev xwm. Nyob rau hauv chav txias txias, cov qoob loo yuav khaws cia txog li 220 hnub. Pepin Chavranny pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau 5-7 xyoo. Cov qoob loo txhua xyoo. Txoj kev zoo ntawm Pepin Chavran - cov khoom siv ntau dhau, kev muaj peev xwm zoo dua, kev muaj peev xwm.
Txais: zom txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis tau ntxiv pob txha, muaj kev sib qis thiab cuam tshuam ntawm scab.
Golden delishes
Kev piav qhia: Golden Delicious: tsob ntoo yog nruab nrab, pib muaj ib lub khob khoob khoob khoob, uas nrog qhov pib ntawm fruiting yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv dav thoob plaws cov duab nrog ntom ceg, tshaj lub xyoo, significantly sagging nyob rau hauv qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov qoob loo. Fruiting muaj hom sib xyaw. Tus tua yog medium tuab thiab me ntsis curved. Cov ceg yog densely dotted nrog loj lentils.
Cov nplooj yog broadly oval, muaj ib puag ncig puag thiab ib tug me me elongated ntxeev. Nplooj ntoos xim ntsuab, lub nplaim ci iab thiab tus. Nplooj nplooj loj hlob nyob ntev petioles. Lub paj yog medium loj, saucer-puab, dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim nrog ib tug me me liab tinge.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog feem ntau medium, tej zaum kuj loj. Cov txiv hmab muaj cov kab mob conical tsos, tawv nqaij qhuav, ntxhib thiab ntom. Daim tawv nqaij yog xim ntsuab thiab daj nyob hauv lub xeev ntau dua. Cov nqaij ntawm tsuas yog tshem tawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntom, heev muaj kua, muaj ib lub qab zib saj thiab me ntsis greenish, thiab tom qab pw cia nws ua creamy, ua softer.
Cov qoob loo feem ntau yog tua tau thaum lub Cuaj Hlis, thiab nws tuaj yeem khaws cia kom txog rau thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Fruiting pib nyob rau hauv lub thib ob los yog thib peb lub xyoo thiab yog li niaj zaus, nrog zoo mob tej yam kev mob. Qhov ntau yam tolerates lub caij ntuj no zoo, tab sis nws yog capricious nyob rau hauv drought tej yam kev mob.
Zoo ntawm Golden Delicious: high quality ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thaum ntxov thiab high fruiting, tsis kam mus rau scab. Qhov ntau yam yog nquag siv rau yug me nyuam. Disadvantages - qhov ua tau periodicity ntawm cov qoob loo, qhov nyiam mus rau defeat nrog powdery mildew thiab wilt thaum lub sij hawm cia.
General kev pom zoo rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev cog ntawm cov ntoo ntawm cov kua
Lub sij hawm mus rau thaj av Cov ntoo no tau xaiv ob qho tib si rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg. Rau qhov no, nws yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws xaiv ib lub zoo-zes qhov chaw, raws li cov kua ntoo yog lub teeb-ntxiv. Thaum cog tsob txiv ntoo, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias qhov chaw nyob hauv cov lowlands thiab nrog cov dej hauv av cia tsis haum rau peb lub hom phiaj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, acidic thiab alkaline xau yuav tsis ua hauj lwm, thiab cov kua ntoo yuav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov xav tias nyob rau grey hav zoov, chernozem thiab sod podzolic xau.
Ib lub hlis ua ntej cog ib lub kua koj yuav tsum npaj ib qhov cog, ntxiv cov av chiv rau cov av. Tsaws aub tsiv yuav tsum xws li hais tias hauv paus system tsis xav cramped. Sau lub hauv av kom zoo zoo kom tsis txhob puas rau hauv paus.
Hauv paus caj dab Cov ntoo yuav tsum tau tawm los ntawm hauv av rau 4-5 cm Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau ram lub ntiaj teb nrog koj ob txhais tes kom paub tseeb zoo ntawm keeb kwm nrog cov av. Tom qab cog, 3-4 thoob dej yuav tsum tau poured nyob rau hauv lub seedling.
Rau cog feem ntau xaiv 2-xyoos-laus seedlings, uas nws qhov siab yog 60-70 cm, lawv muaj tsawg kawg yog peb 50-centimeter tua. Tab sis, oddly txaus, nws yog zoo dua mus accustomed txhua xyoo seedlings uas yuav tsum tau yuav booked sai li sai tau tom qab cog, yog hais tias cog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, los yog tom ntej no caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tom qab Autumn cog.
Yog hais tias hauv paus system yog puas, nws yuav tsum tau txiav thiab tawm tsuas yog cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab nyob zoo. Yuav kom tsis txhob ziab ntawm cov keeb kwm, lawv yuav tsum tau dipped nyob rau hauv ib earthen mash tov nrog av nplaum thiab mullein.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm aub tsiv teem lub peg, uas yuav ua kom lub stability ntawm seedling. Hauv qab no them nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm humus, superphosphate thiab poov tshuaj sulfate. Tom qab watering, lub av ib ncig ntawm lub seedling yog mulched nrog humus thiab sawdust.
Trimming yog nqa tawm nrog aim ntawm thinning lub crown. Rau weakly branching ntoo, shortening yog nqa tawm. Txhua txhua xyoo, gardeners kev paub meej pruning mus txhawb kev loj hlob kev.
Anti-laus pruning tuav, yog hais tias muaj ib tug txo nyob rau hauv txhua txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm 30-40 cm. Pruning yog raug rau ntev ceg, tab sis kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau npaum li cas hais tias lub Upper ceg tsis ntev tshaj li qhov qis dua. Cov ceg uas loj hlob hauv cov yas yog tseem raug thinning thaum lub caij rejuvenation.
Kev tiv thaiv ua ntej tuav ua ntej pib ntawm SAP khiav. Txau yog nqa nrog xya puas grams ntawm urea thiab kaum litres dej, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj thiab ua qhov txheej txheem no kom txog thaum lub raum tshwm, kom tsis txhob kub hnyiab. Yuav kom tsis txhob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov kab tsuag, ib lub hlis ib zaug siv tshuaj lom rau tshuaj tsuag kom txau.
Kom ua kom lub zog tiv thaiv rau cov kab mob thiab kom tsis tshua muaj huab cua phem, cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tsuag nrog Ecoberin los yog Zircon. Yuav kom tsis txhob kis tau ntawm scab, cov ntoo kua yuav tsum tau txau nrog fungicides. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau them rau cov kab mob ntawm lub cortex, vim hais tias lawv yuav ua rau tsis muaj teebmeem me ntsis.
