Vim lub siab tshaj plaws saj ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab biological yam ntxwv ntawm lub Kua Orlik ntau yam coj ntawm lawv cov fellows. Tsis tas li ntawd, Ukrainian, Belarusian thiab Lavxias teb gardeners, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob qhov twg cov tsiaj yog dav cultivated, hwm nws rau high yields thiab precocity.
Ib tsob ntoo hlob yog txaus los pub tsev neeg, tab sis yog tias koj xav khwv nyiaj ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ob peb ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, cia peb pib ua kom paub txog kev npau suav ntawm ib lub vaj zoo zoo zoo nyob ze lub tsev. Peb pib, ntawm chav kawm, nrog cultivation ntawm cog neeg ntse-kua Kua ntoo Orlik.
Koj puas paub? Thaum lub sij hawm cia, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ethylene, zoo li cov khoom siv roj uas txhawb nqa cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nws cov neeg zej zog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, yog hais tias apples thiab qos yaj ywm yog piled li nyob rau hauv lub cellar, hauv paus qoob loo yuav pib mus rau germinate. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los khaws ib chav cais rau kev khaws cia cov txiv apples.
Nqe lus piav txog ntawm Orme kua ntau yam
Lub qab zib thiab qaub saj ntawm apples yog heev harmonious thiab los ntawm ua ke yog kwv yees nyob rau ntawm 4.5 ntsiab lus. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog muaj kua, nrog saturated steady aroma, qhov ntau me me. Qhov nruab nrab, qhov hnyav ntawm ib qho kua txiv yog 100-120 g. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj yog appetizing: ib nyuag dawb hauv cov duab, muaj ntaub nplaum, tawv nqaij pleev nrog cov txheej pleev, tom qab ntxuav thiab so nws cov hniav.
Thaum sau theem, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog daj nrog me ntsis tis qis. Sij hawm dhau los, thaum lub sij hawm cia, cov xim npog yuav pauv mus rau ib qho nplua nuj daj nrog lub laj thawj liab tawg tuaj tawm thoob plaws tag nrho. Dawb ntsiab lus yam ntxwv ntawm lub caij ntuj no ntau yam yog kom meej meej pom on lub tev. Lub pulp ntawm Orlik apples muaj xim pleev xim rau xim daj hauv sab hauv thiab nrog lub ntsej muag daj ntawm lub npoo ntawm cov npoo, cov qauv ntom.
Tus nqi ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshav qab zib (11% ntawm 100 g), P-nquag tshuaj (170 mg), pectins 12.7%, ascorbic acid (9 mg), titratable acids (3%), thiab vitamin C thiab hlau. Lub teb chaws cultivar cultivated rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm tus me nyuam mos cov zaub mov thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nrog rau cov ceg ntoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj zog. Ripen hauv nruab nrab lub Cuaj Hli. Sau zoo li muab tshem tawm ntawm tsob ntoo, muab tso rau hauv lub thawv thiab xa mus rau cia nyob rau hauv lub cellar los yog tub yees. Nws yog yam ntxwv uas txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem dag kom txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis, thaum tsis hloov lawv cov saj. Kev thauj khoom zoo thiab ua kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Orlik apples.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tsob ntoo yog them nrog loj buds ntawm ib tug nplua nuj liab xim, uas maj hloov mus rau dawb raws li lub petals qhib. Cov tub ntxhais hluas Kua cov ceg ntoo yog nkag mus rau hauv cov theem ntawm fruiting, nce lub yield txhua txhua xyoo.
Raws li txoj cai, ntawm ib tsob ntoo hlob, kwv yees li ntawm 20 kg txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv plaub xyoo ntawm lub neej, mus txog 70 kg nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo, thiab Orlik nce mus rau 120 kg nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum tsib xyoo. Tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsos ntawm apples.
Koj puas paub? Yog hais tias koj tshem tawm ib qho siv quav ciab Bloom los ntawm ib lub hauv paus ntawm ntau lub caij ntuj no, nws yuav poob peev xwm los tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov fungi thaum lub sij hawm cia.Cov nplooj yog loj, ribbed, oval-puab, tsaus ntsuab nrog ib tug grayish tint. Lawv muaj ib tug ntse ntug, me ntsis ntxhib thiab ib tug khiav tawm sab hauv sab. Buds ntawm me me, me ntsis flattened.
Lub ntsiab ceg khiav tawm ntawm lub pob tw nrog ib txoj kab nqes kab rov tav, nkhaus upwards. Lub bark rau lawv yog nyias, grey-daj nyob rau hauv cov xim. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tsob ntoo belongs rau sredneroslye pob zeb, muaj ib tug sib tov duab, tsis thickened nplooj. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Orlik Kua ntoo yuav tsis tiav, yog hais tias tsis hais txog lub caij ntuj no hardiness txaus thiab ntsis tsis kam mus rau scab.
Qhov ntau yam yog bred txog tsib caug xyoo dhau los thiab belongs rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov tsiaj tau txais nyob rau hauv lub xeem tiam. Cov neeg nyob hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm Orel E. N. Sedov thiab T. A. Trofimova tau ua haujlwm rau nws. Los ntawm ntau txoj kev sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ib tug hybrid raws li qhov xeeb tub ntawm cov Macintosh thiab Bessemyanka Michurinskaya ntau yam.
Tom qab ntawd pib lub caij nyoog ntawm kev txhim kho Orlik, uas tau ncua rau ib xyoo caum. Raws li ib qho ntawm cov hauj lwm, precociousness thiab high yield, endurance rau tsawg kub thiab pathogens twb imparted mus rau lub hlwb. Tsis ntev tom ntej, lub zoned seedlings tau suav hais tias cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm thiab pub rau lub xeev cov kev sim siab. Niaj hnub no tus yug yog cultivated nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm cov teb chaws Eurasian rau private thiab industrial hom phiaj.
Pros thiab cons qoob
Gardeners, uas twb tau txais cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau hais lawm thiab paub tag nrho cov nuances ntawm lawv cov kev cai thiab kev saib xyuas, tau txaus siab. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev xyuas, lawv pom ntau yam zoo ntawm qhov yug, tab sis tib lub sij hawm taw tes tawm nws cov shortcomings.
Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm Orlyk yog:
- precocity;
- Frost tsis kam;
- ruaj, siab yields, uas nce raws li cov kua ntoo loj tuaj;
- cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- zoo tu zoo thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm apples;
- compactness ntawm cov ntoo thiab thaj chaw zoo nkauj nrog lwm haiv neeg, txawm nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam me me;
- muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag;
- unpretentious kev saib xyuas.
Koj puas paub? Ntau tshaj tawm los Orlik feem ntau provokes drooping ntawm skeletal ceg uas tsis tuaj yeem cov nyhav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab so. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau npaj tawm ntawm kev txhawb zog.Cov kev tsis zoo yog tsawg. Ntawm lawv cov ntawv:
- propensity rau lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau theem ntawm ripening;
- irregular fruiting;
- tsawg me me ntawm cov txiv apples;
- tus kheej-infertility ntau yam.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv kev noj qab nyob zoo seedlings thaum yuav
Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom cog hauv kev ua lag luam, hauv chaw zov me nyuam, hauv qhov chaw ua si, los yog txhaj rau cov yub koj nyiam hauv Internet. Tab sis wb tsis tau tu tus kheej nrog lub simplicity ntawm lub tom kawg xaiv, vim hais tias txhua yam nyob rau hauv daim duab yog ib txwm zoo nkauj. Hom no tsis yog rau cov tub txawg thiab tsis zoo rau.
Txoj kev ua lag luam tseem ploj vim tias koj tuaj yeem muag ib qho khoom siv uas tsis tshua muaj nqi uas tsis muaj raws nraim koj cov cai. Koj tsis tuaj yeem xyuas seb cov hauv paus hniav puas tshiab, ntau yam uas koj nyiam, thiab lwm yam.
Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog mus rau lub chaw zov me nyuam los yog vaj teb chaw rau kev yuav khoom ntawm seedlings. Raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv xws li qhov chaw, thaum koj khawb ib tug nroj tsuag qhia los ntawm koj, tshem tawm cov foliage thiab ua rau lub keeb kwm nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb talker. Ntxiv mus, lawv tuaj yeem pab nrog tswv yim.
Thaum twg muas yog tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau hauv paus system. Lub keeb kwm yuav tsum muaj zog, khoom thiab Uniform, yam tsis muaj mechanical kev puas tsuaj, sagging. Tsis qhuav, tab sis elastic thiab zoo tsim. Thaum koj ua ib qho me me rau ntawm lub hauv paus loj, koj yuav tsum pom cov ntoo dawb.
Nco ntsoov tias nws tsis yog rot thiab moldy me ntsis. Ib tug haum seedling muaj ib qhov siab ntawm txog 1.5 m, ib tug noj qab haus huv paus ntseg tsho thiab ib tug lobe, lub pob tw yog txawm, nws muaj tsawg kawg 5 skeletal ceg, lub bark yog tsis torn tawm, tag nrho cov nplooj raug muab tshem tawm. Tsis txhob caum cov txheej txheem loj loj. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, lawv tig tawm los ua qhov tsis zoo thiab nyuaj rau kev ciaj sia.
Rau kev thauj mus los, qhov yuav tsum tau npaj los ntawm wrapping lub keeb kwm nrog ib tug damp daim ntaub thiab cellophane, thiab ceg yog me ntsis khi rau lub pob tw. Yog hais tias cog ib qho kua tsis npaj ua ntej tom qab yuav khoom, lub yub yuav tsum prikopat los yog, hloov, nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau thauj lub keeb kwm muab nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab nrog ib ntub substrate. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, tsob ntoo tuaj yeem sawv ntsug tau ntau hnub.
Koj puas paub? Orlik kua ntau yam pib fruiting nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 4th-5 ntawm lub neej.
Ib txhia nuances ntawm cog cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings ntawm Kua Orlik
Muaj coob tus neeg xav hais tias lub tshaaj ntawm ib tug noj qab haus huv thiab muaj zog seedling muab ib puas feem pua guarantee rau nws zoo rooting, thiab tsis quav ntsej cov txheej txheem ntawm kom cog. Tseeb, ntau nyob ntawm cov khoom cog, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug hluas tsob ntoo thaum thawj 7-8 xyoo. Tab sis tseem, muaj qee yam kev tsuj tsoo. Cia peb ua kom zoo dua rau cov neeg uas tau tshawb xyuas txog lawv tus kheej qhov kev poob rau ntawm kab lus "Dab tsi muaj tsob nroj? Zoo li txhua yam ntoo."
Thaum twg nws zoo dua rau cov nroj tsuag
Kua ntoo yog cog hauv ob lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg. Txhua lub caij muaj nws tus kheej pros thiab cons. Xav txog lawv.
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav tuaj yeem muab tsob ntoo nrog kev loj hlob thiab tsim ntawm muaj zog keeb kwm thiab ceg, uas yuav pab rau lub caij ntuj no. Lawv pib cog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Plaub Hlis - pib lub Tsib Hlis, thaum lub ntiaj teb twb tau tsiv tawm ntawm qhov txias thiab sov so kom txaus.
Troubles yog ib tug tas mus li xav tau rau ntau tshaj watering ntawm seedling nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav cawm nws cov hauv paus system los ntawm ziab tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ntej cog rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub keeb kwm kuj yuav tsum tau noo noo. Lawv yuav tsum tau sab laug rau ib hnub nyob rau hauv ib lub taub ntim dej, thiab thaum lub caij lawv yuav tsum tau ywg dej kom txog thaum lub ntiaj teb ce mus ntxaum dej noo.
Autumn plantings pab cov hluas sapling tau siv mus rau lub caij ntuj no lub sij hawm, loj hlob zoo rau hauv av, tsim thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub keeb kwm. Nrog rau tuaj txog ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav, xws li ib tsob ntoo pib sai sai thiab loj hlob vegetative.
Feem ntau, qhov txheej txheem pib nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj, yog li ntawd lub keeb kwm muaj sij hawm kom tau accustomed mus rau Frost. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua rau hauv tus account climatic nta ntawm cheeb tsam. Lub tshav pob yuav tsum tshwm sim ntau tshaj ob lub lis piam ua ntej kub kub.
Caij cog lub sij hawm yog xaiv, muab lub hnub nyoog ntawm seedlings. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj ntau tshaj ob xyoos yog cog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab cov hnoos qai qub thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Mature ntoo, thaum muaj kev xav tau hloov lawv qhov chaw, hloov mus rau lub caij ntuj no, thaum lawv twb dormant lawm. Muab lub txias tsis kam ntawm Orlik Kua ntoo, Autumn yog ntau haum rau cog nws seedlings. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Rau mulching Kua ntoo, cov ntaub ntawv uas nce av acidity, xws li coniferous sawdust, yog contraindicated. Lub mulch yog tawg, khiav tawm ntawm pob tw ntawm 10-15 cm Tsis yog, thaum twg decomposing tshuaj, muaj ib qho kev pheej hmoo rau kis tau tus ntoo nrog pathogens.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv thiab npaj ib qho chaw rau ib tsob ntoo kua
Lub rooting ntawm tsob ntoo nyob ntawm seb xaiv qhov tsaws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog:
- Kua ntoo tsis tsim nyob rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo.
- Cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua sab qaum teb thiab los ntawm lub hnub ci qab.
- Lub hybrid muaj ib tug compact crown thiab tau txais nrog zoo zoo nrog rau lwm cov ntoo, qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm lub trunks yuav nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 1.5-2 m.
- Nyob rau hauv daim zajlus raws li Orlik kua ntoo, qhov chaw ntawm av yuav tsum tsis pub ze tshaj 2 m.
- Cov av zoo dua chernozem thiab tsis qaub. Cov chaw tsis muaj pob zeb thiab lub nkoj yuav tsum raug zam.
Qhov chaw npaj yog kab tias tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws pib ib hlis ua ntej yuav tsaws. Ua ntej, ua ib lub qhov khau, ces khawb ib qho 70 xuab moos nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 1 m. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, sab saum toj txheej ntawm fertile av yog folded nyob rau hauv ib lub siab, thiab hauv qab - nyob rau lwm yam. Lub sijhawm no tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias yav tom ntej peb yuav xav tau thawj tus qauv.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov tsoo lawv tsav nyob rau hauv ib tug peg txog 5 cm tuab. Yog tias tsim nyog, lub qab yog drained. Lub fertile av yog tov nrog peat, humus thiab compost, tom qab uas aub tsiv yog sau nrog sib tov. Qee cov kws txawj qhia kom sau nws mus rau sab saum toj, yog li ntawd yav tom ntej lub tsob ntoo yuav tsis tuaj yeem mus nyob hauv lub funnel thaum lub substrate settles. Tam sim no lub caij so yuav tau them nrog ntawv ci thiab sab laug ob peb lub lis piam. Thaum lub sij hawm no, qhov chaw tsim nyog rau cov hauv paus hniav yuav tsim muaj.
Yuav ua li cas cog seedlings
Ua ntej cog, lub seedlings yog ua tib zoo xyuas dua, them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau lub keeb kwm. Nws yog phem yog hais tias lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv kev txiav xim av sawv. Lawv yuav tsum tau txiav kom nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov qab xyuas cov lwj thiab ua av nplaum (yog tias tsis yog). 
Tom qab ua tiav manipulations, cog cov khoom yog txo qis rau hauv lub qhov taub kom peg yog nyob ntawm sab qab teb ntawm lub pob tw. Tom qab ntawd ua tib zoo ncaj nraim rau rhizome thiab dej tsob ntoo, nchuav nws saum nrog lub ntiaj teb thiab tamp nws.
Los ntawm txoj kev, ib sapling thaum cog cog yuav tsum tau trotted kom sau lub voids tsim nruab nrab ntawm lub keeb kwm. Cov av yog tsoo trampled, txwv tsis pub lub keeb kwm yuav qhuav tawm thiab tsob ntoo yuav tsis siv paus.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum cog kua ntoo, lub pegs raug mob nyob rau hauv qab thiaj li tsis txhob rot thiab reproduction ntawm pathogenic microbes nyob rau hauv paus system.Nws yog tsim nqi them sai sai rau lub hauv paus caj dab (qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub bark hloov los ntawm ntsuab mus rau xim av). Nws yuav tsum tau nce 5 cm ntawm qhov av, yog tias nws tau sib zog lawm, tsob ntoo yuav ua rau me me, yog tias nws zoo siab, ziab yuav pib vim tsis muaj dej noo. Cov kws txawj pom zoo kom npog qhov chaw ntawm qhov saum toj no, nchuav ib lub pov tseg ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiaj li paub meej tias dej ntws hauv cov dej.
Qhov kawg theem ntawm cog yog ib tug garter nrog ib tug polyethylene los yog daim ntaub kab xev ntawm lub thoob mus rau peg. Nrog cua hlob, qhov nuance no yuav pab txuag cov hauv paus hniav.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pollinators rau ntau yam
Pollination Kua Orlik tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob sib ze. Yuav kom ntse tsim ovary, tom ntej xav tau txoj cai pollinators. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm botanical, txoj kev piav qhia txog lawv cov kev xaiv los ntawm txoj kev los laij cov feem pua ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov ntsiab lus ntawm phorizin nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm txhua kab ntawm pollinated ntau yam thiab nyob rau hauv pollen ntawm ib tug pollinator ntau yam yog npaum li cas raws li ib tug hauv paus. Yog li ntawd, vim yog suav txij ntawm kev suav, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm rau Orlik yog: Spartak, Lobo, March, Green May.
Ib txhia gardeners qhia lawv cov kev paub txog ib qho zoo sib xws ntawm ntau yam Kandil Orlovsky, Sunny, Stroyevskoe.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov zaum, lub caij ntuj no ntau yam yuav zoo dua pollinated los ntawm Autumn thiab lub caij ntuj no tsiaj. Nws yog pom tseeb tias tom ntej no mus rau Orlik lub Papyr yog ineffective.
Qee qhov tswv yim txog kev tu ib qho kev ua rau tsob ntoo Orple
Kev tu rau cov ntoo muaj Orleeb muaj xws li kev ywj pheej, txiav cov ceg, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kab mob, kab tsuag thiab nas. Cov txheej txheem tsis tsim kev hasslej ntxiv, vim hais tias ntau yam tsis zoo nkauj heev.
Yuav ua li cas feem ntau mus rau dej lub kua ntoo
Tsis paub txog dej ua rau rotting ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, kab mob thiab ntxiv tuag ntawm lub tsob ntoo kua. Yog li hais tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ntawm watering. Nws muaj peev xwm raug ua los ntawm qhov chaw, av los yog dej txoj hauv kev, thiab cov dej ntws.
Dej ntub dej txhim tsa nruab nrab ntawm cov kab nyob rau hauv furrows tau thiab tshwj xeeb raws. Thaum siv lub hose, txoj kev ua no yog ua nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub pob zeb. Uas yog, conventionally, los ntawm ntev ceg ceg, lawv txo cov kab thiab kos ib lub voj voog - qhov chaw uas qhov me me suction roots yog concentrated.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ceev faj tsis txhob ua kom lub hauv paus tsim, ua ib qho me me zawj nrog lub duav ntawm 10-12 cm ntawm qhov tob. Dej yog poured maj mam kom txog thaum nws yog tag absorbed.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub, insignificant rainwater dej, thaum cov av tau ntub los ntawm 5-15 cm, yuav tsuas aggravate qhov mob ntawm lub tsob ntoo kua.Sprinkling ua kiv cua, tsis xav ua phom, rab yaj phom thiab lwm hom rainwear. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias dej tuaj yau, absently, nyob rau hauv me me dauv ua ntej cov av tau ntub los ntawm 60-80 cm.
Qhov zoo txia hom nyob rau hauv hais tias cov dej nyob rau hauv me me qhov tseeb mus tas li mus rau lub keeb kwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov dej no tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov kua dej saum taub hau, thiab thaum tshav kub thaum sawv ntxov los yog yav tsaus ntuj ntxiv nrog cov dej ntws, uas yuav tsim muaj cov kua microclimate hauv lub vaj.
Tus nqi ntawm watering nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov kua ntoo. Nyob rau hauv thawj 5 xyoos ntawm lub neej, seedlings xav tau tsawg me me ntawm cov dej. Lawv tau noj ntau npaum li cas ntau dua li cov ntoo hlob tuaj. Qhov nruab nrab, ib qho dej yog qhov tsim nyog:
- ib-xyoo saplings - 2-3 thoob dej rau ib 1 square meter ntawm lub voj voog;
- ob-xyoos-laus Kua ntoo - 4-5 thoob dej;
- 3-5 xyoos ntoo - tsawg kawg 5-8 thoob cov dej;
- cov hnoos qeev uas tau nkag mus rau theem thiab cov laus (6-10 xyoo) - txog li 60-100 l / sq. m
Thawj caij nplooj ntoos hlav watering nqa tawm ua ntej Bud tawg. Nrog huab cua sov ruaj khov, cov nroj tsuag thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj hnub nyoog txog tsib xyoos tau ywg dej ib zaug ib lub lim tiam hauv txhua txoj kev, tsom xyuas cov cai saum toj no.
Cov neeg laus cov kab lis kev cai raug txhim tsa ob watering tom qab flowering nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo teem theem. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub, ntxiv dej yuav tsum tau tsim nyog thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm apples. Qhov tsis muaj noo noo yuav ua rau lawv thaum ntxov shedding.
Kav dej dhau nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem theem ntawm lub caij loj hlob siv 2-3 lub lis piam ua ntej sau.
Protracted caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, nyob rau hauv kub, qhuav huab cua nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj, yog nqa tawm plaub tiv thaiv dej. Nws txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv kab lig kev cai ntawm kev txhom thiab khov rau lub caij ntuj no.
Tom qab ywg dej tas loosening thiab mulching cov av nyob rau hauv pristvolnyh voj voog. Loose av contributes rau aeration ntawm cheeb tsam ntawm suction keeb kwm thiab paus hairs. Mulch retards lub evaporation dej thiab tsis pub lub tsim ntawm ib tug av crust.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis tas yuav tsum tau haus cov kua ntoo thaum lub sij hawm sau los yog sai li sai tau tom qab tag. Qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag me me uas yuav tuag thaum lub caij ntuj no, uas ua rau tsob ntoo los yog ua rau nws tuag.
Yuav ua li cas siv kua txiv fertilizer
Lub sij hawm thaum nws yog tsim nyog los noj Orlyk Kua ntoo yog txiav txim los ntawm vegetative theem ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qoob loo.
Enhanced khoom noj khoom haus yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm active kev loj hlob ntawm tua, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
В качестве удобрения под зрелые экземпляры можно вносить перепрелый навоз и азотсодержащие смеси. Например, из нитроаммофоски и 30 г аммиачной селитры.
Thaum lub sij hawm fruiting, kev daws yog supplemented nrog 140 g ntawm superphosphate, 50 g ntawm poov tshuaj chloride thiab ib tug compost thoob. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rau qhov kev nce siab hauv kev siv roj ntsha tuaj yeem tsim nyog ua kom muaj ib qho kev lom ntawm nqaij qaib peb zaug hauv ib qho 50: 1 ratio.
Los ntawm txog ib nrab-Lub yim hli ntuj mus rau ib nrab-Cuaj hlis, thaum qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tua tau nres, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npaj cov ntoo rau lub caij ntuj no. Rau lub hom phiaj no, humus los yog pob zeb hauv av complexes nrog daim ntawv lo "Autumn". Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, lub pub nitrogenous pub ntawm Orlyk Kua ntoo yog contraindicated, txij thaum maturation ntawm ntoo yog aggravated.
Chiv yog siv rau lub qhov los yog qhov npaj ua ntej ntawm lub periphery. Pom tob kom txog 50 cm. Tso cai rau 1 square. Kuv ua:
- los ntawm 4 mus rau 8 kg ntawm ntau yam organic chiv, humus los yog compost;
- superphosphate yog txaus rau 60 g (ob zaug lub superphosphate noj 30 g);
- potash fertilizer mus rau 40 g.
Yog hais tias tsob ntoo loj hlob on acidic av, kev paub gardeners pom zoo txhua txhua 3-4 xyoo. neutralize acidity nrog txiv qaub (150-300 g ib 1 sq. m). Raws li kev xaiv, chalk, marl, dolomite hmoov thiab qub plaster thiab ntoo tshauv tej zaum yuav haum.
Yuav ua li cas prune ib tsob ntoo kua
Lub ntsiab haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntoo hauv cov ceg ntoo yog kom tshem cov neeg tuag, muaj mob, laus thiab puas ceg ntoo, uas tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov kab mob, kev tsis zoo ntawm kua txiv thiab kev tuag. Tsis tas li ntawd pruning muaj txhawb rau tsim ntawm lub crown thiab muab lub zog ntawm cov ntoo rau tshaj fruiting.
Koj puas paub? Kua ntoo nyob ntawm 25 txog 50 xyoo.
Tshem tawm ntawm ntau tshaj tua yog nqa tawm ib xyoos ib zaug, qee zaus txawm ob zaug ib xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv ua ib lub crown, tshem qhuav ceg, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg lawv txiav tawm tsam qaug zog thiab cov neeg uas tsis overwinter.Autumn pruning Orlik yuav pib thaum tag nrho cov foliage ntog, tab sis nws yog zoo dua mus tos rau txias thiab thawj zaug snow. Tom qab ntawd lub SAP zog yuav nres, thiab tsob ntoo yuav tsis txom nyem.
Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav txiav ntawm cov ceg yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj los yog thaum ntxov Lub Plaub Hlis, thaum lub sij hawm theem ntawm suspended animation. Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas cov qauv, lub lateral ceg ntawm lub ntsiab pob tw thiab qhov ntxeev raug txiav ntawm 80 cm Qhov no yog ua kom tsim lub crown thiab ntxiv dag zog rau hauv paus system.
Rau cov laus hauv cov ntoo, muaj mob, qhuav thiab khov dej yog qhov raug muab tshem tawm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm thickening, lub crown yuav tsum tau thinned thiaj li hais tias tus ceg tsis tsim ib tug duab ntxoov ntxoo rau txhua lwm yam.
Tom qab ua hauj lwm, cov khej raug kaw nrog lub vaj teb suab. Nws yog tsim nyog rau qhwv lub plab loj nrog polyethylene thiab tighten nrog daim kab xev. Tom qab hloov kev coj noj coj ua, tag nrho cov kev tsim tawm raug tshem tawm. 
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening thiab cia lub sij hawm
Lub ripening ntawm Orlik apples tsis pib kom txog thaum lub Cuaj Hli. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov huab cua yuav ua rau me me hloov mus rau lub sij hawm poob qoob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj sij hawm ua ntej qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov ntoo. Ua li no, siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas nrog hauv av tsis muaj mob tau apples, txawm los ntawm cov ceg siab.
Nws yog tawm tswv yim kom sau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub caij ntuj no ntau yam ua ke nrog qia, vim hais tias nws lub xub ntiag prolongs lub sij hawm ntawm preservation ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tiv thaiv cov kab mob thiab fungi los ntawm nws. Ua ntej, ua hauj lwm nrog cov ceg ntoo qis, thiab tom qab ntawd ces mus rau saum.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob ua puas tsuaj rau hauv tus txheej txheem thiab tsis txhob tawm hws thiab khawb ntawm nws. Cov qauv raug puas tsuaj yuav tsum raug xa mus rau kev ua ub ua no, nrog rau kev tawg, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov tsiaj nruab nrab. Lawv tsim nyog rau kev siv ob qho tib si rau hauv daim ntawv tshiab thiab rau kev npaj ntawm ntau hom tsev ua.
Tsis txhob co kev tsob ntoo. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob muab pov tseg rau hauv pob tawb - lawv deteriorate thaum ntaus.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Rau kev xaiv xaiv xaiv huab cua txias.
Ua ntej khaws cov txiv apples, xyuas kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov pwm tsis zoo tag nrho los yog kab tsuag tuaj mus rau lub cellar. Yog li ntawd, lawv tso kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lawv muab tso rau hauv cov thawv ntoo lossis ntoo thawv, muaj yav tas los qhwv txhua daim ntawv nrog ib daim ntawv.Ua ntej yuav cia, qee tus niam tsev tau txais kev kho kom qhov chaw ntawm lub zes qe menyuam thiab qia, thiab cov tso dej tso rau hauv qhov chaw hauv qab daus los yog qaug zog ntawm cov kua dej. Yuav kom muab cov txiv apples yuav tsum tau ceev faj tsis txhob tshem tawm cov quav lo quav.
Qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj plaws rau khaws cia txiv apples yog + 1 ... +3 degrees, uas tsim rau qhov tsawg tshaj tawm ntawm ethylene los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Humidity nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 85-95%. Yog hais tias nws qis, yog li ntawd cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis wrinkle, koj muaj peev xwm tsau lub wrapping daim ntawv nrog roj. Npaj tias daim tawv nqaij yuav oily.
Cov phab ntsa nyob hauv lub cellar raug kho nrog txiv qaub ua ntej thiab muab cov qhov cua zoo. Kom tsis txhob muaj kev hloov hauv qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub caij ntuj no, qhov hauv qab daus yog sov.
Tsis tas li ntawd, rau cia, apples yuav tau sau nrog ntub xuab zeb, ntim rau hauv hnab yas thiab khi los yog nchuav nrog sawdust nyob rau hauv thawv.
Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab tsuag thiab kab mob
Dua li ntawm Orlyk qhov ua kom muaj kabmob thiab kabmob, nrog rau cov tswv yim tsis paub, kev hem thawj rau ntau yam raug tsim cytosporosis, powdery mildew thiab scab.
Zoo li ntawm cytosporosis provokes ib tug fungus uas settles on bark. Pom tau tus kab mob no yuav ua rau tsaus nti. Qhov txaus ntshai yog hais tias tus kab mob no yog nquag kis, seizing tag nrho saum npoo ntawm pob tw, thiab tua ib tsob ntoo. Txoj kev no pib nrog ntog tawm cov tawv ntoo thiab ntog tawm ntawm cov ceg ntoo. Lub causative tus neeg sawv cev tuaj yeem pib nyob rau hauv cov neeg pluag-zoo av, li zoo li nyob rau hauv qhaj ntawv ntawm ntxhuav hnav khaub ncaws thiab watering, los yog nyob rau hauv cov mob ntawm ntau watering. 
Kev kho mob yuav tsum pib ua ntej ntawm daim paib thawj. Rau qhov kawg no, cov tawv ntoo kho nrog "Hom". Cov tshuaj yog npaj nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 40 g ntawm yeeb tshuaj rau ib tug 10 liv dej. Thawj spraying yog ntshaw los tuav ua ntej qhib ntawm ob lub raum. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering, tom ntej no kho cov kauj ruam yog nqa tawm - lub crown thiab pob tw raug kho nrog ib tug daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm 50 g ib 10 liv dej. Qhov thib peb txau ua tiav nrog "Tsev".
Mealy dew kuj tshwm sim raws li ib tug ntawm cov tsos ntawm fungi. Nws cuam tshuam tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas muaj kev koom tes nyob rau hauv fruiting. Ua ntej, tus kab mob yog manifested by dawb Bloom, zoo li cov hmoov qab zib. Inexperienced lovers ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo tau noj nws rau plua plav. Txij lub sij hawm, tus kab mob no worsens, lub Bloom hloov xim av, dub dots daim ntawv rau nws. Cov nplooj ntoos dries thiab ntog, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis khi. 
Rau prophylactic lub hom phiaj, lub kua ntoo yog sprayed nrog "Scor" nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab tom qab flowering nrog tooj chlorine. Tom qab harvesting, lub crown yog kho nrog ib tug kua xab npum los yog tooj liab sulphate.
Koj puas paub? Raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab mob thiab cov pests yuav ua tau kua txiv kua txob thiab mustard infusions.Scab tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua si ntawm fungi. Cov tsos mob yog xim av Bloom ntawm nplooj, tom qab uas lawv qhuav thiab ya ncig. Ua puas tsuaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo - cov kab nrib pleb thiab gray-dub me ntsis tshwm rau ntawm txiv apples. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los sau cov kab mob kis, nrog rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab hlawv sab nraum lub vaj.
Tsob ntoo yog txiav los ntawm scab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum nplooj nplooj tshwm. Ua li no, thiab los ntawm ib qho kev tiv thaiv pom, tsob ntoo kho nrog "To topaz". Tom qab flowering, tus txheej txheem yog rov qab nrog cov npaj "Chom" los yog "Colloidal sulfur".
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tiv thaiv tseem yog txoj kev saib xyuas rau kab lis kev cai. Tsis txhob hnov qab tshem cov nplooj poob los ntawm lub vaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg nrog ib tug rake, nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis tsim tej yam kev mob haum rau parasites.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov teeb meem. Hauv kev txiav txim tias lawv tsis nibble lub bark, ntoo trunks yog qhwv nrog lub ru tsev nce mus rau ib qhov siab ntawm 50 cm, tuab mesh los yog sacking. Koj tuaj yeem hem ntshai ua rau ceg ntoo ntawm conifers.
