Tus neeg twg uas muaj nws lub cuab yeej ntawm av feem ntau suav tias nws yog txoj kev txiav txim siab cog qoob loo rau nws. Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov sib npaug ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov laus, thiab "Lavxias loj" yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv cog qoob loo, ua ib tug loj-fruitful hybrid ntawm Strawberry. Qhov no ntau attracts lub caij ntuj sov lub caij nyoog nrog ib tug ntev lub caij nyoog ntev ntawm fruiting, uas nres tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj, nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub thaum hmo ntuj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nutritionists qhia noj strawberries cais tawm ntawm pluas mov loj. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias qhov no Berry cua ua rau fermentation nyob rau hauv lub plab, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub digestive system thiab tej zaum txawm ua plab hnyuv xim thiab bloating.
Description Strawberry ntau "Lavxias loj"
Yog hais tias koj yuav cog qoob loo ntawm "Lavxias loj" ntau yam ntawm koj lub vaj teb vaj, ces koj, tau kawg, yuav tsum tau nyeem nws cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev paub txog tias tawm los ntawm strawberries "Russian loj" ua tiag tiag admiration txawm ntawm kev paub gardeners kev paub: thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm ripening nyob rau bushes adorn muaj kua, loj, ncav los ntawm 5 mus rau 8 centimeters nyob rau hauv lub cheeb berries. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib Strawberry Berry "Lavxias teb sab loj", raug rau tag nrho cov kev cai agrotechnical, yuav ncav cuag li ntau li 50 g. 
Koj puas paub? Strawberry yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob zoo heev. Qhov no Berry muaj nqis npaum li cas ntawm cov vitamins ntawm pawg B, uas ua rau nws siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm nce siab ntsws thiab muaj zog. Haus tsuas yog 150 grams ntawm xws li berries ib hnub twg yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo hauv kev tswj hwm.Ntxiv nrog rau txhua tsav txhua yam, cov berries ntawm no ntau yam muaj ntom muaj kua thiab incredibly Sweet nqaij, thiab lawv tsw yog nco los ntawm txawm lub tiag tiag Gourmet. Kuj ceeb tias, ntau yam no, tsis zoo rau tag nrho lwm tus neeg, yuav luag tsis ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj, uas cia nws siv txawm rau cov me nyuam yaus thiab kev fab tshuaj.
Garden strawberries "Lavxias teb sab loj" tau kov yeej lub siab ntawm gardeners nrog high tsim tau, vim hais tias yog koj muab lub bushes nrog xis tej yam kev mob rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, ces nrog ib tug nroj tsuag koj tau sau ntau tshaj li 0.5 kilograms ntawm muaj kua fragrant berries.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv Strawberry seedlings thaum yuav
Thaum muas strawberry seedlings "Lavxias loj", nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xaiv cov nroj tsuag kom zoo. Xim av, liab, dub nciab thiab me ntsis ntawm nplooj ntawm bushes qhia hais tias lawv muaj tus kab mob nrog ib tug fungal tau tus kabmob, yog li nws yog zoo dua mus rau caiv los ntawm xws li ib tug tau. Yog hais tias lub vending bushes muaj kev xav tsis meej daj ntseg nplooj, ces qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib tug kos npe rau ntawm lig blight necrosis ntawm horns. Qhov phytoinfection no yog hais txog cais tawm thiab yog tias koj yuav kis tau cov khoom cog, tom qab ntawd ces cov ntoo yuav raug tuag. Yog hais tias nyob rau ntawm bushes koj nrhiav shriveled cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj, ces qhov no yog ib tug paub tseeb ntawm tus kab mob nrog ib tug earthen mite. Cov kab no yuav ua rau kom txo tau lub peev xwm thiab tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. 
Koj puas paub? Strawberry - natural "Viagra". Muaj nyob rau hauv cov noob ntawm berries zinc pab kom muaj kev sib deev muaj siab nyob rau hauv ob qho tag nrho cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam. Ntxiv mus, nws tseem yuav ua rau kev xeeb tub ib tus menyuam los ntawm ntau npaum li 25%.High-quality seedlings ntawm Lavxias loj me ntsis Strawberry muaj:
- saturated tsaus ntsuab xim ntawm nplooj;
- tuab ntawm horns los ntawm 0.7 mus rau 0.8 millimeters;
- fibrous paus system (qhov ntev ntawm lub keeb kwm yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsawg tshaj li 7-8 centimeters);
- noj qab nyob zoo;
- ntub, tsis yog qhuav keeb kwm.
Thaum cog seedlings ntawm vaj txiv pos nphuab on lub cuab ntxhiab
Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub Lavxias loj Strawberry yuav tsum txaus siab nrog nws cov siab zoo yield thiab nws cov cultivation tau nqa tawm tsis muaj xwm txheej, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo chaw thiab mustaches tshwm sim nyob rau hauv bushes nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm kub tsis dhau siab thiab noo noo yog ntau tshaj li txaus. Raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov pos hniav, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias lub sij hawm tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau lawv hloov mus rau hauv av yog lub sijhawm pib txij li lub Plaub Hlis 15 thiab Tsib Hlis 5 lossis txij Lub Xya Hli 25 txog Cuaj Hlis 5. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb, cog ntawm bushes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub sij hawm yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub peb hlis ntuj, thiab xaus - nyob rau hauv lig Lub kaum hli ntuj. Ntawm chav kawm, Lub yim hli ntuj yog txiav txim siab mus yuav ib tug zoo lub sij hawm rau cog bushes nyob rau hauv hauv av.
Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau ntau yam:
- nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no ib tug ntau ntawm cov khoom cog;
- huab cua zoo rau kev ceev tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua qoob loo;
- cov nroj tsuag muaj sij hawm txaus kom tau zoo dua.
Xaiv ib qho chaw rau cog strawberries
Strawberry bushes yog heev fond ntawm lub teeb, uas txhais tau hais tias rau lawv cog ib tug yuav tsum xaiv zoo-zes qhov chaw uas dos, legumes, paus cov qoob loo los yog siv qoob siv los cog.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj uas cuam tshuam txog qhov loj ntawm Strawberry fruiting yog acid acidity. Yog hais tias acidic av prevails rau ntawm koj lub vev xaib, ces kom tsim tau cov kev mob siab rau cov txiv pos nphuab, nws pom zoo kom deoxidize nws. Rau lub hom phiaj no, tshauv los yog kua qaub cug siv.
Hom phiaj, lub txaj rau cog strawberries twb xaiv ua ntej: nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nws yog cog nrog ntsuab manure, uas yog txiav txim nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj, thiab ces kho nrog ib tug daws ntawm em npaj. Ib qho zoo tagnrho ntsuab av rau strawberries yog lupine. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej cog cov pos nphuab hauv qhov chaw kom ntxuav ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab npaj cov av kom zoo. Ceebtoom: txiv pos nphuab muaj gluttonous, yog li thaum npaj lub txaj koj yuav tsum tau compost, tshauv, biohumus thiab manure. Rau seedlings npaj heev tob thiab thoob qhov. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 30 los sis ntau tshaj 50 centimeters, thiab ntawm kab yuav tsum sib npaug li 40 centimeters.Ua ntej cog seedlings, ib qho kev tov yog ntxiv rau txhua qhov zoo, rau qhov kev npaj ntawm ib qho kev lwg thoob, ib qho av thoob, ib lub thoob ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab ob tsom iav ntawm tshauv yog tov. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm txhua qhov, ib me me pas hiav txwv yog ua los ntawm npaj npaj substrate, uas seedlings raug muab tso rau.
Cog Strawberry seedlings "Lavxias loj" rau ntawm qhov chaw
Strawberry ntau yam "Lavxias loj" unpretentious, tab sis mus rau cov tub ntxhais hluas bushes zoo tshaj, koj yuav tsum ua lub manipulation ntawm ib hnub pos huab los yog thaum yav tsaus ntuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thiaj li rau bushes los mus sai sai, ua ntej transplanting lawv, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los dej lawv zoo, los soak lub seedlings ua ntej cog rau hauv av rau ob peb teev nyob rau hauv dej nrog ntxiv ntawm ib biostimulator. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov cog kws cog qoob loo ua ntej cog cov pos nphuab hauv av tau qhia kom ntub lawv nyob rau hauv ib lub qej infusion npaj rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 150 milliliters ntawm qej infusion ib 10 liv dej - ib tsis kaj siab qej tsw yuav ua kom tsis txhob muaj kab tsuag.
Koj puas paub? Noj strawberries feem ntau txuag koj ntawm kev mob taub hau thiab tuaj yeem txo lub cev kub. Qhov tshaj plaws yog tias cov berries muaj tshuaj zoo xws li nyob rau hauv lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg tshuaj aspirin.Ua ntej cog cov nroj tsuag hauv av, ua tib zoo soj ntsuam lub fab nroj tsuag: nws yog ntshaw tias txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj 3 los yog siab tshaj plaws ntawm 4 noj qab haus huv nplooj, thiab tag nrho tus so yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm sai sai. Yog hais tias keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ntev ncav cuag ntau tshaj 10 centimeters, lawv yuav tsum tau txiav. Tam sim no peb teem txhua lub hav txwv yeem nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas lub plawv (qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub Bush) yog nrog lub nplaim ntawm lub txaj, thiab cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ntxim nyiam pw tawm ntawm lub hillsides.
Tuav lub shrub upright, txhuam nws nrog npaj npaj substrate thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm ncuav dej rau nws. Qhov no yuav txhim kho txoj kev sib cuag ntawm cov hauv paus hniav nrog rau hauv pem teb thiab kom ceev tau cov pob txha. Thaum cog bushes, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev loj hlob taw tes yog tsis heev faus, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tsis sawv ntau dhau saum toj ntawm theem ntawm lub txaj.Ntaus loj hlob ntawm Strawberry ntau yam "Lavxias loj"
Kev kho mob rau cov txiv pos nphuab "Lavxias loj" tsis siv ntau ntau ntawm koj lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab. Rau siab tshaj plaws ntawm bushes cog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, koj yuav tsum systematically tshem tawm paj stalks thiab whiskers. Cov tshem tawm ntawm cov ntsiab yuav tso cai rau cov nroj tsuag mus tag nrho cov rog rau rooting, thiab tsis mus rau tsim ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab luam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom cov nroj tsuag tau txais cov khoom txaus thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus, tawm tsam cov nroj tsuag thiab ua rau lub caij tawm ntawm cov av, thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
Txau tawm tsam kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Yuav kom tiv thaiv strawberry bushes los ntawm ticks thiab kab mob (xim av thiab dawb me ntsis, thiab kuj powdery mildew) nrog qhov pib ntawm thawj sov caij nplooj ntoos hlav hnub, tag nrho cov cuam tshuam thiab qhuav overwintered nplooj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Thawj zaug txau tawm hauv qhov muaj cov kab ntawm cov qog thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog rau grey rot, powdery mildew thiab spotting nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej tshiab nplooj loj hlob, siv ib tug 3% daws ntawm Bordeaux sib tov. Yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag pom tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob nrog xim av los yog nqaij dawb, ces nyob rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob vegetative lawv sprayed nrog Euparen. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm intensive tsim ntawm buds, cov nroj tsuag raug kho tawm ntawm pyrexia, Galitsa, thiab lwm yam kab pests by means of Actellic ntawm tus nqi ntawm 15-20 ml ntawm kev npaj ib 10 liv dej. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, tom qab harvesting, nws yog pom zoo ua hauj lwm strawberries nrog Topaz, Switchem los yog Euparine, los txo cov txuam nrog ntawm cov kab mob, thiab nyob rau hauv muaj kab tua kab mob nrog pests, lub yeeb tshuaj Actellic.
Zaus thiab abundance ntawm dej
Qhov tsawg ntawm dej strawberries nyob ntawm huab cua puag thiab yog txiav txim los ntawm dryness ntawm cov av. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm ua li no yog thaum sawv ntxov ntxov. Mus txog rau thaum lub paj tshwm, lub bushes tau watered. Xws li watering tsa los nag thiab zoo ntxuav tawm cov hmoov av uas tau sau thaum nruab hnub los ntawm nplooj. Yog hais tias nws kub heev nraum zoov, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau ywg dej ib zaug ib zaug, thiab 10 mus rau 25 liters dej yuav tsum tau muab nchuav rau hauv ib lub xwm fab xwm meem. Tom qab qhov tsos ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau bushes txo watering. Rau irrigation strawberries siv tsuas yog dej sov, qhov kub ntawm uas tsis qis dua 20 ° C. Watering strawberries nrog dej txias tuaj yeem ua rau kis kab mob nrog powdery mildew los yog grey puab, uas yuav ua rau tuag tag nrho cov qoob loo.
Nroj tsuag tshem tawm thiab av xoob
Hav dej tswj tau pib ua rau cog ntawm seedlings nyob rau hauv hauv av. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thiaj li kom tiv thaiv lub overgrowing ntawm lub txaj los ntawm weeds, uas tshem tawm noo noo thiab tseem ceeb tshuaj los ntawm koj cov tsiaj, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau nqa tawm hlais tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm ripening ntawm berries thiab tom qab harvesting. Loos lub txaj yog nqa tawm ib zaug txhua yim hnub. Qhov tob ntawm loosening yuav tsum yog 10 cm, thiab thaum weeds raug muab tshem tawm, nws yog pom zoo tsis tsuas mus sau, tab sis mus rau nws tawm ntawm hauv av nrog rau hauv paus system, sau nws nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob thiab nqa nws deb ntawm lub vaj teb.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws Strawberry bushes
Thawj lub sij hawm tom qab cog strawberries, qhov qhia txog ntawm pub yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv cov nroj tsuag fruiting. Fertilization pab lub bushes zoo thiab muab lub zog los mus ntxeem wintering. Tom qab tiav fruiting, paj buds daim ntawv rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab yog li ntawd lub neej yav tom ntej sau nyob ntawm nkaus ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov muab kev pab cuam tau nyob rau theem no. Tsis tas li ntawd, Strawberry bushes yog pub nyob rau hauv lub offseason tom qab kev sib hloov, cog thiab luam los ntawm faib lub bushes.
Fresh manure los yog qaib manure yog pw tawm ntawm lawv thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg caij rau fertilizing bushes nrog cov organic fertilizer, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj no nws yuav muaj sij hawm rau perepret, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nws yuav ib txhij ua hauj lwm raws li ib qhov chaw ntawm nitrogen, thiab zoo li mulch, ceeb toom lub active kev loj hlob ntawm weeds.
Humus tuaj yeem coj mus rau hauv av thiab thaum lub sij hawm kev hloov ntawm cov nroj tsuag: lawv npaj ib lub pob ntawm nws, uas yog ces poured rau hauv lub qhov nrog lub rosettes cog rau lawv. Nqaij qaib dung, tshiab, tsis pom zoo, raws li nws muaj peev xwm ua rau paus hlawv vim lub siab nutrient concentration. Rau pub cov nroj tsuag nws yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej. Cov tshuaj yog nkag tau rau hauv grooves dug nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov thiab kab ntawm strawberries.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, fertilization yog nqa tawm tom qab thawj zaug loosening. Thaum lub sij hawm no, zoo tshwm sim yog tsim los ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm heev diluted nqaij qaib manure. Los npaj qhov kev daws, ib feem ntawm nqaij qaib excrement muab thiab diluted nyob rau hauv 20 qhov chaw ntawm cov dej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis pom zoo siv qhov hnav khaub ncaws ntau tshaj li ib xyoos ib zaug, vim nws cov kev qhia ntau heev yuav pab txhawb nqa ntawm nitrates hauv cov av, uas yuav tau poob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab koj yuav tsis tau ib thaj chaw zoo phooj ywg.
Qhov thib ob pub mis yog nqa tawm tom qab qhov tsos ntawm berries. Rau cov laj thawj no, siv Diluted mullein, raws li nws yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau haum fertilizer rau strawberries. Korovyak muaj nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntau yam tag nrho cov muab kev pab cuam tsim nyog rau qhov qub kev loj hlob ntawm strawberries. Los npaj cov khoom noj khoom haus no koj yuav tsum nqa ib lub quarter ntawm mullein thoob thiab sau nrog dej, sib tov thiab soak hauv qhov chaw sov so rau 3 hnub. Lub ntsiab ua kom zoo, ua ntej kev taw qhia, nws raug pom zoo rau dilute nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 4 thiab tsuas yog ces siv nws mus ncuav lub bushes.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov organic, rau fertilizing Strawberry bushes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, siv thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv. Ammofosc thiab ammonium nitrate zoo heev rau txoj haujlwm no ntawm tus nqi ntawm 2: 1. Lub resulting sib tov yog diluted nyob rau hauv dej thiab txhaj rau hauv cov av.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kab keeb rau strawberries, thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm berries, yog poov tshuaj, yog li qhov qhia txog ntawm no keeb yuav tsum tau nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm flowering ntawm bushes. Rau noj cov nroj tsuag, koj muaj peev xwm siv tau poov tshuaj monophosphate ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 tablespoon ib 10 liv dej, tab sis qhov qhia txog ntawm chiv mus rau hauv cov av yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog tom qab tshaj dej ntawm bushes. Hws noo tiv thaiv cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tshuaj lom neeg.
Loj hlob seedlings strawberries "Russian loj" ntawm noob
Muaj ntau tus kws loj hlob tuaj yeem yuam kev txiav cov noob, vim lawv tsis paub cog qoob loo zoo li cas. Thiab nyob rau hauv vain! Properly zus seedlings los ntawm noob txawv pub dawb fruiting, thiab, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tag retains nws varietal yam ntxwv. Lub ntsiab nyuaj nyob rau hauv loj hlob Strawberry seedlings los ntawm cov noob yog tias nws cov grains muaj ib tug heev ntom noob tsho tiv thaiv, uas yog tsis zoo mus ua txhaum los ntawm tsis muaj ntxiv stratification. 
Nyob rau hauv tsev, lub noob raug muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw voj voos thiab stratified nyob rau hauv ib lub tub yees nrog me ntsis zoo kub.
Yuav kom sau koj tus kheej strawberry noob koj xav tau:
- tuaj tos qhov loj tshaj plaws, zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab ripe berries los ntawm noj qab haus huv bushes;
- txiav tawm qhov ntxeev ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (cov lusteb nroj tsuag loj hlob los ntawm cov noob uas tau los ntawm nruab nrab thib peb ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo);
- txiav tawm sab saum toj txheej ntawm pulp nrog rau cov noob thiab qhuav ntawm daim ntawv;
- cov av qhuav yuav tsum ua tib zoo zom kom tso cov noob;
- Npaj txhij tau txais cov khoom mus ncuav nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab ntawv los yog lub thawv thiab xa mus rau cia.
Nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub stratification ntawm noob, nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj lawv sown nyob rau hauv ib tug pre-npaj substrate muaj raws ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm peat thiab turf av, thiab zoo li ib tug me me ntawm xuab zeb.
Nyob rau hauv txhua lub tais ntim ib lub noob, txau nrog dej los ntawm ib lub lam fwj, them nrog ntawv ci thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sov. Tom qab ib lub limtiam, koj yuav muaj thawj zaug tuaj tua. Nyob rau qib no, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau muab tus nqi txaus UV lub teeb. Tom qab tshwm sim ntawm leaflets nyob rau hauv lub tua (txog li 5 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb), lawv dov tshaj rau hauv ib lub thawv loj. Sai li sai tau thaum lub seedlings ncav raws li qhov loj me me, nws yog hardened thiab cog rau hauv av.
Txiv pos nphuab yog cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj qhov tseeb, tab sis koj tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom tau ib lub siab dawb siab zoo ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
